Observation of orbitally excited B(s) mesons

We report the observation of two narrow resonances consistent with states of orbitally excited (L=1) B_(s) mesons using 1 fb;(-1) of pp[over ] collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We use two-body decays into K- and B+ mesons reconstructed as B(+)-->J/psiK(+), J/psi-->mu(+)mu(-) or B(+)-->D[over ](0)pi(+), D[over ](0)-->K(+)pi(-). We deduce the masses of the two states to be m(B_(s1))=5829.4+/-0.7 MeV/c(2) and m(B_(s2);(*))=5839.6+/-0.7 MeV/c;(2).

Direct measurement of the W Boson width in ppover collisions at square roots = 1.96 TeV

A direct measurement of the total decay width of the W boson Gamma(W) is presented using 350 pb(-1) of data from pp[over ] collisions at square root s = 1.96 TeV collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The width is determined by normalizing predicted signal and background distributions to 230 185 W candidates decaying to enu and micronu in the transverse-mass region 50<M(T)<90 GeV and then fitting the predicted shape to 6055 events in the high-M(T) region, 90<M(T)<200 GeV. The result is Gamma(W)=2032 +/- 45(stat)+/-57(syst) MeV, consistent with the standard model expectation.

Cross-section-constrained top-quark mass measurement from dilepton events at the Tevatron

We report the first top-quark mass measurement that uses a cross-section constraint to improve the mass determination. This measurement is made with a dilepton tt event candidate sample collected with the Collider Detector II at Fermilab. From a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.2 fb(-1), we measure a top-quark mass of 170.7(-3.9)(+4.2)(stat)+/-2.6(syst)+/-2.4(theory) GeV/c(2). The measurement without the cross-section constraint is 169.7(-4.9)(+5.2)(stat)+/-3.1(syst) GeV/c(2).

A neurocomputational model of figure-ground discrimination and target tracking

A neurocomputational model is presented for figureground discrimination and target tracking. In the model, the elementary motion detectors of the correlation type, the computational modules of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement, an oscillatory neural-network motion perception module and a selective attention module are involved. It is shown that through the oscillatory amplitude and frequency encoding, and selective synchronization of phase oscillators, the figure and the ground can be successfully discriminated from each other. The receptive fields developed by hidden units of the networks were surprisingly similar to the actual receptive fields and columnar organization found in the primate visual cortex. It is suggested that equivalent mechanisms may exist in the primate visual cortex to discriminate figure-ground in both temporal and spatial domains.

Search for standard model Higgs bosons produced in association with W bosons

We report on the results of a search for standard model Higgs bosons produced in association with W bosons from pp[over] collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV. The search uses a data sample corresponding to approximately 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. Events consistent with the W-->lnu and H-->bb[over] signature are selected by triggering on a high-p(T) electron or muon candidate and tagging one or two of the jet candidates as having originated from b quarks. A neural network filter rejects a fraction of tagged charm and light-flavor jets, increasing the b-jet purity in the sample. We observe no excess lnubb[over] production beyond the background expectation, and we set 95% confidence level upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction sigma(pp[over]-->WH)Br(H-->bb[over]) ranging from 3.9 to 1.3 pb, for specific Higgs boson mass hypotheses in the range 110 to 150 GeV/c2, respectively.

First observation of the decay Bs0-->Ds-Ds+ and measurement of its branching ratio

We report the observation of the exclusive decay Bs0-->Ds-Ds+ at the 7.5 standard deviation level using 355 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II detector in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. We measure the relative branching ratio B(Bs0-->Ds-Ds+)/B(B0-->D-Ds+)=1.44(-0.44)(+0.48). Using the world average value for B(B0-->D-Ds+), we find B(Bs0-->Ds-Ds+)=(9.4(-4.2)(+4.4))x10(-3). This provides a lower bound DeltaGammasCP/Gammas>or=2B(Bs0-->Ds-Ds+)>1.2x10(-2) at 95% C.L.

Pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound enhances uptake of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to human epidermoid tumor in nude mice

The aim of this study was to determine if pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) exposures could enhance tumor uptake of (111)In-MX-B3, a murine IgG1kappa monoclonal antibody directed against the Le(y) antigen.

METHODS

MX-B3 was labeled with (111)In, purified, and confirmed for its binding to the antigen-positive A431 cell line. Groups of nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with A431 tumor cells on both hind flanks. A tumor on one flank was treated with pulsed-HIFU; the other tumor was used as an untreated control. Within 10 min after the HIFU exposure, the mice received intravenous (111)In-MX-B3 for imaging and biodistribution studies. Mice were euthanized at 1, 24, 48, and 120 h after injection for biodistribution studies.

RESULTS

The HIFU exposure shortened the peak tumor uptake time (24 vs. 48 h for the control) and increased the peak tumor uptake value (38 vs. 25 %ID/g [percentage injected dose per gram] for the control). The HIFU effect on enhancing tumor uptake was greater at earlier times up to 24 h, but the effect was gradually diminished thereafter. The HIFU effect on enhancing tumor uptake was substantiated by nuclear imaging studies. HIFU also increased the uptake of the antibody in surrounding tissues, but the net increase was marginal compared with the increase in tumor uptake.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that pulsed-HIFU significantly enhances the delivery of (111)In-MX-B3 in human epidermoid tumors xenografted in nude mice. The results of this pilot study warrant further evaluation of other treatment regimens, such as repeated HIFU exposures for greater delivery enhancement of antibodies labeled with cytotoxic radioisotopes or pulsed-HIFU exposure in addition to a combined therapy of (90)Y-B3 and taxol to enhance the synergistic effect.

Crosstalk between the SUMO and ubiquitin pathways

Several ways in which the SUMO and ubiquitin pathways can intersect and communicate have recently been discovered. This review discusses the principles of crosstalk between SUMOylation and ubiquitination, focusing on the RNF4 family of RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligases, which specifically recognize SUMOylated proteins via their SUMO moiety for ubiquitination.

Search for exclusive gammagamma production in Hadron-Hadron collisions

We have searched for exclusive gammagamma production in proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV, using 532 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity taken by the run II Collider Detector at Fermilab. The event signature requires two electromagnetic showers, each with transverse energy E(T)>5 GeV and pseudorapidity |eta|<1.0, with no other particles detected in the event. Three candidate events are observed. We discuss the consistency of the three events with gammagamma, pi(0)pi(0), or eta eta production. The probability that other processes fluctuate to >or=3 events is 1.7x10(-4). An upper limit on the cross section of pp-->p + gammagamma + p production is set at 410 fb with 95% confidence level.

Tumor imaging using 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-18F-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine and PET

The kinetics of 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)thymine (FMAU) were studied using PET to determine the most appropriate and simplest approach to image acquisition and analysis. The concept of tumor retention ratio (TRR) is introduced and validated.

METHODS

Ten patients with brain (n = 4) or prostate (n = 6) tumors were imaged using (18)F-FMAU PET (mean dose, 369 MBq). Sixty-minute dynamic images were obtained; this was followed by whole-body images. Mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmean and SUVmax, respectively) of each tumor were determined as the mean over 3 planes of each time interval. For kinetic analyses, blood activity was measured in 18 samples over 60 min. Samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography at 3 selected times to determine tracer metabolites. FMAU kinetics were measured using a 3-compartment model yielding the flux (K1 x k3/(k2 + k3)) (K1, k2, and k3 are rate constants) and compared with TRR measurements. TRR was calculated as the tumor (18)F-FMAU uptake area under the curve divided by the product of blood (18)F-FMAU AUC and time. A similar analysis was performed using muscle to estimate (18)F-FMAU delivery.

RESULTS

SUVmean measurements obtained from 5 to 11 min correlated with those obtained from 30 to 60 min (r(2) = 0.92, P < 0.0001) and 50 to 60 min (r(2) = 0.92, P < 0.0001) due to the rapid clearance of (18)F-FMAU. Similar results were obtained using SUVmax measurements (r(2) = 0.93, P < 0.0001; r(2) = 0.88, P < 0.0001, respectively). The measurement of TRR using either blood or muscle activity over 11 min provided results comparable to those of 60-min dynamic imaging and a 3-compartment model. This analysis required only 5 blood samples drawn at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 11 min without metabolite correction to produce comparable results.

CONCLUSION

Tissue retention ratio measurements obtained over 11 min can replace flux measurements in (18)F-FMAU imaging. The SUVmean and the SUVmax in 5-11 min images correlated well with those of images obtained at 50-60 min. The quality of the images and tissue kinetics in 11 min of imaging makes it a desirable and shorter tumor imaging option.

Modification of membrane excitability of neurons in the rat's dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus by preceding hyperpolarization

The inferior colliculus (IC) is among the largest nuclei in the central auditory system and is considered to be a major integration center in the auditory pathway. To understand how IC contributes to auditory processing, we investigated the effects of preceding hyperpolarization on membrane excitability and firing behavior of neurons located in the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus (ICD). We made whole-cell patch clamp recordings from ICD neurons (n=96) in rat brain slices. We classified ICD neurons into three types, i.e. sustained-regular, sustained-adapting and buildup, according to their responses to depolarizing current injection. Nearly 91% of the neurons had sustained firing throughout the period of current injection, showing either regular or adapting pattern. About 9% of the neurons exhibited a buildup pattern, in which sustained firing started after a long delay. Rebound depolarization and spikes after hyperpolarization were seen in 51.7% of the sustained neurons, but were not seen in buildup neurons. When depolarizing current was preceded by a hyperpolarizing current, various forms of the modification on membrane excitability were observed. For non-rebound neurons, the membrane excitability was either suppressed or unchanged after pre-hyperpolarization. The first spike latency lengthened in neurons whose firing changed to a buildup pattern, shortened in those whose firing changed to a pauser pattern, and remained unchanged in those whose discharge pattern remained sustained. For rebound neurons, the firing rate decreased in neurons whose firing pattern was changed to onset or pauser, increased in neurons whose firing was changed to adapting, or remained unchanged in neurons whose firing became irregular. The first spike latency was shortened in all the rebound cells. The results suggest that intrinsic membrane properties can play an important role in integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs and thereby in determination of the output of ICD neurons.

Observation of the Heavy Baryons Sigma b and Sigma b*

We report an observation of new bottom baryons produced in pp collisions at the Tevatron. Using 1.1 fb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II detector, we observe four Lambda b 0 pi+/- resonances in the fully reconstructed decay mode Lambda b 0-->Lambda c + pi-, where Lambda c+-->pK* pi+. We interpret these states as the Sigma b(*)+/- baryons and measure the following masses: m Sigma b+=5807.8 -2.2 +2.0(stat.)+/-1.7(syst.) MeV/c2, m Sigma b- =5815.2+/-1.0(stat.)+/-1.7(syst.) MeV/c2, and m(Sigma b*)-m(Sigma b)=21.2-1.9 +2.0(stat.)-0.3+0.4(syst.) MeV/c2.

Search for chargino-neutralino production in pp collisions at sq rt[s] = 1.96 TeV

We present a search for associated production of the chargino and neutralino supersymmetric particles using up to 1.1 fb{-1} of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF II experiment at the Tevatron pp collider at sq rt[s]=1.96 TeV. We analyze events with a large transverse momentum imbalance and either three charged leptons or two charged leptons of the same electric charge. The numbers of observed events are consistent with standard model expectations. Upper limits on the production cross section are derived in different theoretical models.

Precise measurement of the top-quark mass in the lepton+jets topology at CDF II

We present a measurement of the mass of the top quark from proton-antiproton collisions recorded at the CDF experiment in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron. We analyze events from the single lepton plus jets final state (tt-->W(+)bW(-)b-->lnubqq'b). The top-quark mass is extracted using a direct calculation of the probability density that each event corresponds to the tt final state. The probability is a function of both the mass of the top quark and the energy scale of the calorimeter jets, which is constrained in situ by the hadronic W boson mass. Using 167 events observed in 955 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity, we achieve the single most precise measurement of the top-quark mass, 170.8+/-2.2(stat.)+/-1.4(syst.) GeV/c(2).

Platelets an inflammatory force in transplantation

Platelet interactions with dendritic cells, T cells and B cells have been best studied in vasculitis and atherosclerosis, but similar mechanisms may contribute to acute and chronic vascular lesions in transplants. In acute inflammation, platelets adhere to vessels and release mediators that increase endothelial cell activation and leukocyte recruitment. Adherent platelets can also augment antibody and cellular immune responses. Activated platelets recruit T cells and initiate a feedback loop. In this loop, platelets secrete chemokines to recruit T cells, and then activated T cells stimulate platelets through CD40-CD154 interactions to secrete more chemokines thereby recruiting more T cells. The interaction of platelets and T cells is enhanced by P-selectin/PSGL-1 stimulation. Both helper and cytotoxic T cells are stimulated by platelets. Antibody production that is stimulated through increased helper T-cell function can activate complement. This sets up another activation loop because platelets express receptors for antibodies and complement. In addition to inflammation, platelets stimulate repair by releasing growth factors and chemokines to recruit circulating vascular progenitor cells. These repair mechanisms could promote the replacement of donor parenchmal cells with recipient cells and contribute to vascuplopathy. This review discusses the interplay of platelets and the immune system in relation to transplantation.

Search for new physics in high-mass electron-positron events in pp[over] collisions at square root s = 1.96 TeV

We report the results of a search for a narrow resonance in electron-positron events in the invariant mass range of 150-950 GeV/c(2) using 1.3 fb(-1) of pp[over] collision data at square root s = 1.96 TeV collected by the CDF II detector at Fermilab. No significant evidence of such a resonance is observed and we interpret the results to exclude the standard-model-like Z' with a mass below 923 GeV/c(2) and the Randall-Sundrum graviton with a mass below 807 GeV/c(2) for k/M[over](pl) = 0.1, both at the 95% confidence level. Combining with diphoton data excludes the Randall-Sundrum graviton for masses below 889 GeV/c(2) for k/M[over](pl) = 0.1.

Search for high-mass diphoton states and limits on Randall-Sundrum gravitons at CDF

We have performed a search for new particles which decay to two photons using 1.2 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity from pp[over] collisions at square root s = 1.96 TeV collected using the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We find the diphoton mass spectrum to be in agreement with the standard model expectation, and set limits on the cross section times branching ratio for the Randall-Sundrum graviton, as a function of diphoton mass. We subsequently derive lower limits for the graviton mass of 230 GeV/c(2) and 850 GeV/c(2), at the 95% confidence level, for coupling parameters (k/M[over](Pl)) of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively.

First measurement of the W-boson mass in run II of the Tevatron

We present a measurement of the W-boson mass using 200 pb{-1} of data collected in pp[over ] collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV by the CDF II detector at run II of the Fermilab Tevatron. With a sample of 63 964 W-->enu candidates and 51 128 W-->munu candidates, we measure M_{W}=80 413+/-34{stat}+/-34{syst}=80,413+/-48 MeV/c;{2}. This is the most precise single measurement of the W-boson mass to date.

Polarizations of J/psi and psi(2S) mesons produced in pp collisions at square root s = 1.96 TeV

We have measured the polarizations of J/psi and psi(2S) mesons as functions of their transverse momentum p(T) when they are produced promptly in the rapidity range |y| < 0.6 with p(T) > or =5 GeV/c. The analysis is performed using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of about 800 pb(-1) collected by the CDF II detector. For both vector mesons, we find that the polarizations become increasingly longitudinal as p(T) increases from 5 to 30 GeV/c. These results are compared to the predictions of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics and other contemporary models. The effective polarizations of J/psi and psi(2S) mesons from B-hadron decays are also reported.

Search for heavy long-lived particles that decay to photons at CDF II

We present the first search for heavy, long-lived particles that decay to photons at a hadron collider. We use a sample of gamma + jet + missing transverse energy events in pp[over] collisions at square root[s] = 1.96 TeV taken with the CDF II detector. Candidate events are selected based on the arrival time of the photon at the detector. Using an integrated luminosity of 570 pb(-1) of collision data, we observe 2 events, consistent with the background estimate of 1.3+/-0.7 events. While our search strategy does not rely on model-specific dynamics, we set cross section limits in a supersymmetric model with [Formula: see text] and place the world-best 95% C.L. lower limit on the [Formula: see text] mass of 101 GeV/c(2) at [Formula: see text].