626
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Garcia JA, Harrich D, Soultanakis E, Wu F, Mitsuyasu R, Gaynor RB. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR TATA and TAR region sequences required for transcriptional regulation. EMBO J 1989; 8:765-78. [PMID: 2721501 PMCID: PMC400873 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 LTR is regulated at the transcriptional level by both cellular and viral proteins. Using HeLa cell extracts, multiple regions of the HIV LTR were found to serve as binding sites for cellular proteins. An untranslated region binding protein UBP-1 has been purified and fractions containing this protein bind to both the TAR and TATA regions. To investigate the role of cellular proteins binding to both the TATA and TAR regions and their potential interaction with other HIV DNA binding proteins, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of both these regions was performed followed by DNase I footprinting and transient expression assays. In the TATA region, two direct repeats TC/AAGC/AT/AGCTGC surround the TATA sequence. Mutagenesis of both of these direct repeats or of the TATA sequence interrupted binding over the TATA region on the coding strand, but only a mutation of the TATA sequence affected in vivo assays for tat-activation. In addition to TAR serving as the site of binding of cellular proteins, RNA transcribed from TAR is capable of forming a stable stem-loop structure. To determine the relative importance of DNA binding proteins as compared to secondary structure, oligonucleotide-directed mutations in the TAR region were studied. Local mutations that disrupted either the stem or loop structure were defective in gene expression. However, compensatory mutations which restored base pairing in the stem resulted in complete tat-activation. This indicated a significant role for the stem-loop structure in HIV gene expression. To determine the role of TAR binding proteins, mutations were constructed which extensively changed the primary structure of the TAR region, yet left stem base pairing, stem energy and the loop sequence intact. These mutations resulted in decreased protein binding to TAR DNA and defects in tat-activation, and revealed factor binding specifically to the loop DNA sequence. Further mutagenesis which inverted this stem and loop mutation relative to the HIV LTR mRNA start site resulted in even larger decreases in tat-activation. This suggests that multiple determinants, including protein binding, the loop sequence, and RNA or DNA secondary structure, are important in tat-activation and suggests that tat may interact with cellular proteins binding to DNA to increase HIV gene expression.
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627
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Taylor A, Milton W, Eyre HP, Christian P, Wu F, Hagan P, Alazraki N, Datz FL, Unger M. Radioimmunodetection of human melanoma with indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody. J Nucl Med 1988; 29:329-37. [PMID: 3346743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was threefold: (1) to evaluate the efficacy of an 111In-labeled murine monoclonal antibody (ZME-018) directed against a heavy molecular weight melanoma associated glycoprotein in localizing metastatic disease; (2) to determine the effect of unlabeled antibody mass (2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg) on labeled antibody blood clearance, biodistribution and lesion detection; (3) to estimate radiation dosimetry. Twenty-five patients with previously documented disease received an intravenous infusion of 2.5 to 40 mg of monoclonal antibody with 1 mg of the antibody labeled with 5 mCi of 111In. There were no acute reactions. Patients were scanned without computer enhancement or background subtraction techniques at 24 and 72 hr after injection. Imaging detected tumor in 14/18 (78%) patients with active disease, identified 24/44 (77%) of lesions greater than 1 cm and changed or specifically directed patient management in 22% (4/18) patients with tumor. There was a prolongation in blood clearance associated with decreased liver and spleen activity following administration of 20 and 40 mg of antibody compared to the three lower antibody dose levels. Assuming a biodistribution similar to [111In]ZME-018, the radiation dose delivered to normal tissues by [90Y]ZME-018 would restrict its use as a routine vehicle for radioimmunotherapy; however, it may be possible to deliver substantial tumor doses in selected patients.
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628
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Wu F, Garcia J, Mitsuyasu R, Gaynor R. Alterations in binding characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer factor. J Virol 1988; 62:218-25. [PMID: 3257103 PMCID: PMC250522 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.62.1.218-225.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Five regions of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) serve as binding sites for cellular proteins as demonstrated by DNase I footprinting. These include the negative regulatory, enhancer, SP1, TATA, and untranslated regions. The HIV enhancer region contains two direct repeats of a sequence, GGGACTTTCC, which is also found in the enhancer sequences of simian virus 40, cytomegalovirus, and the immunoglobulin kappa gene. To further characterize binding to the enhancer sequences in the HIV LTR, DNase I footprinting was performed using extracts prepared from several different cell lines. Extracts prepared from lymphoid cells gave altered binding over the enhancer region as compared with extracts prepared from either monocytes or HeLa cells. This altered binding in extracts prepared from lymphoid cells resulted in protection of both direct repeats in the HIV LTR in contrast to complete protection of only one direct repeat with HeLa cell extracts. When HeLa cells were treated with phorbol esters in either the presence or absence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, the binding characteristics over the enhancer element became similar to those seen in extracts prepared from lymphoid cells. These results suggest that phorbol esters may induce posttranslational modifications of cellular transcription factors that alter their DNA-binding characteristics.
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629
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Garcia J, Wu F, Gaynor R. Upstream regulatory regions required to stabilize binding to the TATA sequence in an adenovirus early promoter. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:8367-85. [PMID: 2959908 PMCID: PMC306365 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.20.8367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the five early adenovirus promoters, the early region 3 (E3) promoter is one of the most strongly induced by the E1A protein. To identify cellular proteins involved in both the basal and E1A-induced transcriptional regulation of the E3 promoter, DNase I footprinting using partially purified Hela cell extracts was performed. Four regions of the E3 promoter serve as binding domains for cellular proteins. These regions are found between -156 to -179 (site IV), -83 to -103 (site III), -47 to -67 (site II), and -16 to -37 (site I), relative to the start of transcription. Examination of the DNA sequences in each binding domain suggests that site III likely serves as a binding site for activator protein 1 (AP-1), site II for the cyclic AMP regulatory element binding protein (CREB), and site I for a TATA binding factor. The factors binding to either site II or III were sufficient to stabilize binding to the TATA sequence (site I). Mutagenesis studies indicated that both sites II and III, in addition to site I, are needed for complete basal and E1A-induced transcription. These results suggest that multiple cellular factors are involved in both the basal and E1A-induced transcriptional regulation of the E3 promoter, and that either of two upstream regions are capable of stabilizing factor binding to the TATA sequence.
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630
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Wu DZ, Huang ZS, Wu F, Wu LZ. [Clinical observation and fluorescein angiography in senile macular degeneration]. YAN KE XUE BAO = EYE SCIENCE 1987; 3:16-20. [PMID: 2468520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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631
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Hsiao-Dong Chiang, Wu F, Varaiya P. Foundations of direct methods for power system transient stability analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1109/tcs.1987.1086115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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632
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Zou AP, Wang DX, Wu F. Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on acute and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension of the rat. JOURNAL OF TONGJI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY = TONG JI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO 1986; 6:133-7. [PMID: 3773010 DOI: 10.1007/bf02911448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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633
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Zhang DW, Wu F, Xie RB. [A one-stage abdominal operation for complete prolapse of the rectum in adults]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1986; 24:458-60, 508. [PMID: 3816461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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634
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Wu F, Xie RB, Zhang DW. [Abdominoperineal resection and anosphincteroplasty in carcinoma of the lower rectum and anal canal]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 1986; 24:387-8, 444. [PMID: 3816447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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635
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Wu F, Snow B, Taylor A. Potential pitfall of DMSA scintigraphy in patients with ureteral duplication. J Nucl Med 1986; 27:1154-6. [PMID: 3014087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-wk-old male presented with radiographic findings of a duplicated collecting system. A [99mTc]DMSA scan was requested to evaluate cortical function. Images obtained immediately. postinjection showed activity restricted to the upper poles; in contrast, delayed images at 4 hr showed activity in the bladder and throughout both kidneys. Catheterizing the patient drained the activity from the bladder but had little effect on the refluxed renal activity. The early [99mTc]DMSA images were critical in making the proper interpretation. Technetium-99m DMSA is excreted into the urine and this fact needs to be considered when interpreting scans of patients with possible reflux or obstruction. When DMSA scans are obtained in pediatric patients with possible reflux, catheterization prior to the study and early images prior to the appearance of DMSA in the collecting system are recommended.
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636
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Mikhael W, Wu F, Kazovsky L, Kang G, Fransen L. Adaptive filters with individual adaptation of parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1109/tcs.1986.1085982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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637
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Zsebo KM, Wu F, Hearst JE. Tn5.7 construction and physical mapping of pRPS404 containing photosynthetic genes from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Plasmid 1984; 11:182-4. [PMID: 6328556 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(84)90023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A transposon, Tn5.7, has been constructed incorporating the transposition functions of Tn5 and the antibiotic-resistance factors from Tn7. It was used to mutagenize the plasmid pRPS404 which contains the photosynthetic genes of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata and is KanamycinR . In conjunction with the mutagenesis, physical mapping of the restriction endonuclease recognition sites for XhoI, BglII, KpnI, and SstI has been accomplished.
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638
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Zou AP, Wang DX, Feng CJ, Li DP, Tian XL, Yang GT, Chen QL, Wu F. The role of histamine in acute hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in dogs. ACTA ACADEMIAE MEDICINAE WUHAN = WU-HAN I HSUEH YUAN HSUEH PAO 1984; 4:50-5. [PMID: 6700928 DOI: 10.1007/bf02856951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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639
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Wu F, Yu-Kun Tsai. Probabilistic dynamic security assessment of power systems-I: Basic model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1109/tcs.1983.1085344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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640
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641
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642
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Wu F, Perio P. Erratum - La phase en acoustique musicale. II. le rayonnement des instruments à vent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1051/jphys:01982004302043300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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643
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Wu F. [Study population theories and control population growth]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO = SICHUANDAXUE XUEBAO 1980:18-25. [PMID: 12178290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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644
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Calder EA, Irvine WJ, Davidson NM, Wu F. T, B and K cells in autoimmune thyroid disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1976; 25:17-22. [PMID: 1086749 PMCID: PMC1541376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The K-cell cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphoid cells from 104 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and from age and sex matched control subjects was measured using chicken erythrocytes as target cells. Patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis,primary hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis who were either newly diagnosed and untreated or had received therapy for less than or equal to 1 year showed a significant increase in K-cell cytotoxic activity. Patients who had received treatment for greater than 1 year and less than or equal to 5 years showed no such comparable increase in cytotoxic activity. Within the group of patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis it was found that K-cell cytotoxic activity was related to both goitre size and serum antibody titre. Thus patients with little or no goitre showed a highly significant elevation of cytotoxic activity whereas patients with moderate to large goitres gave values within the normal range. Similarly patients with no detectable serum thyroid autoantibodies showed high K-cell activity while patients with positive antibody titres did not. It was also shown that neither the absolute number nor the proportion of circulating T and B lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease as assessed by the sheep red cell rosette method and by indirect immunofluorescence was significantly different from that observed in the normal control population. No correlation was found between peripheral blood K-cell cytotoxic activity and the percentage of circulating null cells, i.e. 100-(percentage T + percentage B) in either patients or control subjects.
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645
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646
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647
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