13251
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Bulygin IA, Soltanov VV. [New data on the peculiarities of interoceptive and exteroceptive afferent impulsation]. Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova 1969; 55:995-1002. [PMID: 5357483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13252
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13253
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Baylor DA, Nicholls JG. Chemical and electrical synaptic connexions between cutaneous mechanoreceptor neurones in the central nervous system of the leech. J Physiol 1969; 203:591-609. [PMID: 4319015 PMCID: PMC1351532 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments have been made to study the synaptic connexions between sensory cells in the C.N.S. of the leech. Each segmental ganglion contains six neurones that respond specifically to light touch applied to the skin; each of these ;touch cells' innervates a discrete area on the surface of the body and has a characteristic set of properties by which it can be recognized. Using intracellular electrodes it has been shown that these sensory cells interact with one another through chemical and electrical synapses by way of a stereotyped set of pathways.1. Action potentials occurring in one touch cell gave rise to synaptic potentials in the five other touch cells in the same ganglion and also in the three ipsilateral touch cells in the adjacent ganglia. Thus, synaptic interactions took place between sensory cells whose receptive fields lay within the same segment and on the same side of adjacent segments.2. The post-synaptic potentials consisted of a short-latency coupling potential, followed by an excitatory potential and a number of inhibitory potentials. These delayed synaptic potentials occurred inconsistently and with a variable latency; they could also be recorded in the cell which had been stimulated. All of the touch cells appeared to be equally effective in initiating synaptic potentials.3. The short-latency coupling potential was shown to be mediated through an electrical synapse by observing a voltage change in one touch cell when current was injected into its neighbour. It was not abolished by high concentrations of Mg in the bathing fluid, which blocked chemical synapses in this ganglion. This electrical synapse displayed remarkable rectification; a depolarization could spread from cell to cell in both directions, while a hyperpolarization could spread in neither.4. The inhibitory potentials were reversed by injecting Cl into the cell. In Cl-free Ringer solution this effect was so marked that the reversed IPSPs caused long trains of impulses in touch cells, which tended to excite each other by a process of positive feed-back.5. Synaptic potentials evoked by activation of a touch cell did not usually reach threshold since excitation and inhibition tended to cancel. The connexions between touch cells that mediated the delayed excitatory and inhibitory potentials are polysynaptic; the interneurones have not yet been found but some of their connexions could be inferred from electrical recordings.6. Action potentials in sensory cells of a different modality (responding to pressure) also initiated synaptic potentials in the same family of touch cells.7. The possible significance for integration of these synaptic interactions between sensory cells is discussed.
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13254
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Cook WA, Cangiano A, Pompeiano O. An electrical investigation of the efferent pathways from the vestibular nuclei. Arch Ital Biol 1969; 107:235-74. [PMID: 4311358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13255
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Cook WA, Cangiano A, Pompeiano O. Vestibular control of transmission in primary afferents to the lumbar spinal cord. Arch Ital Biol 1969; 107:296-320. [PMID: 4311360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13256
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Cangiano A, Cook WA, Pompeiano O. Cerebellar inhibitory control of the vestibular reflex pathways to primary afferents. Arch Ital Biol 1969; 107:341-64. [PMID: 5356289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13257
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Cangiano A, Cook WA, Pompeiano O. Primary afferent depolarization in the lumbar cord evoked from the fastigial nucleus. Arch Ital Biol 1969; 107:321-40. [PMID: 4311361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13258
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Abstract
1. A pathway ascending in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord and terminating as climbing fibres in the cerebellar anterior lobe has been investigated in decerebrate cats with the cord partially transected in the third cervical segment sparing only part of the left lateral funiculus. The climbing fibre responses evoked in Purkinje cells were studied by recording from single cells and by recording the mass activity at the cerebellar surface.2. The pathway is activated by the flexor reflex afferents from all four limbs. It ascends in an area of the lateral funiculus which partly overlaps that of the dorsolateral spino-olivocerebellar path (Larson, Miller & Oscarsson, 1969) but also extends more ventrally. The pathway conducts relatively fast in the spinal cord and is considerably delayed in the brain stem suggesting several interneurones at that level. It projects to a narrow sagittal zone in lobule V of the pars intermedia (Fig. 4).3. It is not known if the pathway relays in the inferior olive and it has provisionally been denoted the LF-CF-SCP (lateral funiculus-climbing fibre-spinocerebellar path).4. The Purkinje cells were usually activated by the flexor reflex afferents from all four limbs with equal effectiveness. On natural stimulation responses were obtained on deep pressure of the limbs.5. The pathway and its functional significance are discussed.
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13259
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Fanardzhian VV, Pogosian RI. [Purkinje cell reaction in the cat cerebellum cortex to stimulation of the juxta-fastigial region]. Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova 1969; 55:987-94. [PMID: 5357482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13260
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Cook WA, Cangiano A, Pompeiano O. Dorsal root potentials in the lumbar cord evoked from the vestibular system. Arch Ital Biol 1969; 107:275-95. [PMID: 4311359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13261
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Abstract
1. Pathways ascending in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord and terminating as climbing fibres in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum have been investigated in decerebrate cats with the cord partially transected in the third cervical segment, sparing only part of the left lateral funiculus. The climbing fibre responses evoked in Purkinje cells by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves were studied by recording from single cells and by recording the mass activity at the cerebellar surface.2. Two pathways have been distinguished. One ascends through the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus and relays in the inferior olive. It is denoted the dorsolateral spino-olivocerebellar path (DLF-SOCP) and forms the subject of this paper. The other path occupies in part a more ventral position in the lateral funiculus and it is not known if it relays in the inferior olive. It is denoted the LF-CF-SCP (lateral funiculus-climbing fibre-spinocerebellar path).3. The DLF-SOCP is activated predominantly by cutaneous afferents from restricted areas in the ipsilateral paws. The relay in the spinal cord is almost certainly monosynaptic, but a long delay in the brain stem suggests that the path is interrupted by several synapses at this level. The pathway terminates in the pars intermedia in sagittal zones with a somatotopical organization (Fig. 12).4. Components of the DLF-SOCP and the dorsal spino-olivocerebellar path converge onto the same olivary neurones which project to the pars intermedia and it is concluded on this evidence that the DLF-SOCP also relays in the inferior olive.5. The DLF-SOCP is compared with the other known spinocerebellar paths terminating as climbing fibres in the anterior lobe. The functional role of these paths and the general significance of the sagittal projection patterns are discussed.
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13262
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Abstract
A long-lasting hyperpolarization has been observed in sensory neurones of the C.N.S. of the leech following natural stimulation applied to their receptive fields. The underlying mechanism of this hyperpolarization and its effects on signalling were investigated by intracellular recording.1. The amplitude and duration of the hyperpolarization depended on the number of action potentials. Whereas a brief burst of impulses had little effect, a prolonged sensory discharge was followed by a hyperpolarization of up to 30 mV that gradually declined over a period of several minutes.2. The hyperpolarization was abolished by ouabain, reversibly inhibited by strophanthidin or cooling, unaffected by Mg and accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance. These observations suggest that the hyperpolarization is the result of membrane current generated by an electrogenic pump.3. A hyperpolarization similar to that recorded in the cell body also occurred in the neuronal processes within the neuropile, where synaptic contacts are made. This led to significant changes in integrative activity, such as an increase in the amplitude of excitatory synaptic potentials, a reversal of inhibitory synaptic potentials or a conduction block in parts of the neurones. All of these effects could be mimicked by injecting hyperpolarizing currents into resting cells, or abolished by injecting a depolarizing current into a cell hyperpolarized by previous impulses.4. During neuronal hyperpolarization the sensitivity of the membrane potential to small increments of external K was enhanced by a factor of about three. This effect varied with the magnitude of the hyperpolarization produced by preceding impulses and could not be mimicked by applying K to a neurone hyperpolarized by the injection of current into its cell body.5. These findings are discussed in relation to possible effects that changes in the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of ions produced by activity might have on integration in the C.N.S.
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13263
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13264
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Bonnet V, Briot R. [Late intracortical components of the visual cortex response of cats to a volley of afferent impulses. I. Characteristic properties of intracortical potentials. Stratigraphic studies and action of various factors]. Arch Ital Biol 1969; 107:105-35. [PMID: 5356284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13265
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Bonnet V, Briot R. [Late intracortical components of the visual cortex response of cats to a volley of afferent impulses. II. Functional significance of late intracortical potentials. A mechanism of facilitating the visual cortex response]. Arch Ital Biol 1969; 107:136-57. [PMID: 5356285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13266
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13267
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13268
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Lissák K. The organization of motivated and conditioned reflex processes. Cond Reflex 1969; 4:145-54. [PMID: 4392437 DOI: 10.1007/bf02999652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13269
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Coppin CM, Jack JJ, McIntyre AK. Properties of group I afferent fibres from semitendinosus muscle in the cat. J Physiol 1969; 203:45P-46P. [PMID: 4241752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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13270
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Selzer M, Spencer WA. Interactions between visceral and cutaneous afferents in the spinal cord: reciprocal primary afferent fiber depolarization. Brain Res 1969; 14:349-66. [PMID: 5794912 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(69)90115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13271
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Boush RL, Ovsiannikov AV, Farfel' VS. [The role of afferentation from the joints in different regimes of muscular contraction]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 1969; 19:712-3. [PMID: 5402105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13272
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Lewis DM. The response of primary afferent fibres from cat spindles to single volleys in sensory nerves. J Physiol 1969; 203:22P-24P. [PMID: 5821878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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13273
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13274
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Zislina NN, Arkhipova NA. [The effect of visual deafferentation on the direct cortical response]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 1969; 19:635-43. [PMID: 5402097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13275
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13276
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13277
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Ito M, Kawai N, Udo M, Mano N. Axon reflex activation of Deiters neurones from the cerebellar cortex through collaterals of the cerebellar afferents. Exp Brain Res 1969; 8:249-68. [PMID: 5807801 DOI: 10.1007/bf00234252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13278
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Makara GB, Stark E, Palkovits M, Révész T, Mihály K. Afferent pathways of stressful stimuli: corticotropin release after partial deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus. J Endocrinol 1969; 44:187-93. [PMID: 4307459 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.0440187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Corticotrophin (ACTH) release induced by various stressful stimuli has been studied in rats with antero-lateral deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). The plasma corticosterone level was determined as an index of ACTH release.
In rats with antero-lateral deafferentation of the MBH, ACTH release was prevented after exposure to noise and vibration, sham adrenalectomy and s.c. injection of 1% formalin. ACTH release induced by the injection of histamine (1 mg./100 g., i.p.) and capsaicin (0·25 mg./100 g., s.c.) was significantly less than in the controls. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (25 μg./100 g., i.p.) induced an ACTH release that could not be distinguished from that in the controls.
We suggest that (a) noise and vibration, sham adrenalectomy and injection of 1% formalin trigger ACTH release through neural pathways arriving at the MBH from anterior, lateral and dorsal directions, (b) histamine or capsaicin releases ACTH partly through antero-lateral neural afferents to the MBH. In contrast, the ACTH-releasing stimulus of bacterial endotoxin injection reaches the hypothalamo—hypophysial unit by humoral pathways and/or posterior nerve fibres.
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13279
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Schulte FJ, Albert G, Michaelis R. Brain and behavioural maturation in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. 3. Motor behaviour. Neuropadiatrie 1969; 1:44-55. [PMID: 4256034 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1091863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13280
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13281
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Körner L, Landgren S. Projections of low threshold join afferents to the cerebral cortex of the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 1969; 76:a-7A. [PMID: 5823407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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13282
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Koval'zon VM. [The temperature of the brain]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 1969; 19:516-24. [PMID: 4314303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13283
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Devanandan MS, Eccles RM, Lewis DM, Stenhouse D. Responses of extensor alpha-motoneurones in cats anaesthetised with chloralose. Exp Brain Res 1969; 8:177-89. [PMID: 5808757 DOI: 10.1007/bf00234538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13284
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Devanandan MS, Eccles RM, Lewis DM, Stenhouse D. Responses of flexor alpha-motoneurones in cats anaesthetised with chloralose. Exp Brain Res 1969; 8:163-76. [PMID: 5808756 DOI: 10.1007/bf00234537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13285
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Bulygin IA, Soklovskiĭ OE. [Comparative characteristics of electric responses of sympathetic efferent neurons to centrifugal and centripetal influences]. Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova 1969; 55:445-53. [PMID: 5395150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13286
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Schmidt RF. Peripheral coding and segmental processing of mechanical stimuli on the skin. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1969; 26:436-7. [PMID: 4183579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13287
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Duensing F, Haufe F. Afferent information and stimulation effects in the nucleus interstitialis and the zona incerta of rabbits. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1969; 26:436. [PMID: 4183576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13288
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13289
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Bowman JP, Combs CM. Cerebellar responsiveness to stimulation of the lingual spindle afferent fibers in the hypoglossal nerve of the rhesus monkey. Exp Neurol 1969; 23:537-43. [PMID: 4239302 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(69)90123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13290
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Hagbarth KE, Vallbo AO. Activity in human muscle afferents during muscle stretch and contraction. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1969; 26:341. [PMID: 4183472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13291
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Bogacz J, Wilson E. Visual evoked potentials at hypothalamic and tegmental areas of the upper brain-stem. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1969; 26:288-95. [PMID: 4183438 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(69)90147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13292
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Youssef A. A correlated study of the antidromically evoked sensory and evoked motor responses in the investigation of peripheral nerve function. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1969; 26:342. [PMID: 4183476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13293
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Rabin AG. [The interaction between interzonal and afferent impulses in the somato-sensory cortex]. Biull Eksp Biol Med 1969; 67:3-6. [PMID: 5821454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13294
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Kidd GL, Kucera J. The excitation by suxamethonium of non-proprioceptive afferents from the caudal muscles in the rat. Experientia 1969; 25:158-60. [PMID: 4239551 DOI: 10.1007/bf01899097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13295
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13296
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13297
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Sedlácek J. Functional development of optic afferent system in chick embryos. Dev Psychobiol 1969; 2:153-60. [PMID: 5407663 DOI: 10.1002/dev.420020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13298
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Shvyrkov VB. [Comparative characteristics of anticipatory and unconditioned excitations in the rabbit somato-sensory cortex following elaboration of a conditioned defense reflex]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 1969; 19:3-10. [PMID: 5382816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13299
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Schlegel HJ, Sontag KH. [Activity increases in primary flexor muscle spindle afferents of cats during tetanic stimulation of extensor reflex afferents]. Pflugers Arch 1969; 311:159-67. [PMID: 4242287 DOI: 10.1007/bf00587038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13300
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Tagiev SK. [The interoceptive effects on the electroencephalogram of animals of different phylogenetic levels]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 1969; 19:149-55. [PMID: 5382805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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