651
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Vitkin A, Gordon M, Yang V, Swoboda N, Jones G, Hayward J. In-vivo subsurface optical imaging of mycosis fungoides lesions prior to, during, and following radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(03)01384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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652
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Parker P, Jones G, Smith S. Mixed Cultures of Food-grade Probiotic Bacteria and Enteric Bacteria Demonstrate Both Synergism and Inhibition of Menaquinone Production. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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653
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Brennan P, Bell A, Brown K, Cole C, Cooper B, Gibbons C, Harris M, Jones G, Knipe S, Lewis J, Manning C, Miller A, Perevezentsev A, Skinner N, Stagg R, Stead M, Thomas R, Yorkshades J. Maintenance of the JET active gas handling system. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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654
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Wyllie S, Weeks C, Khachi H, Vickers M, Jones G. Re: Knox K, Lawson W, Dean B, Holmes A. Multidisciplinary antimicrobial management and the role of the infectious diseases pharmacist-a UK perspective. J Hosp Infect 2003; 53: 85-90. J Hosp Infect 2003; 54:246. [PMID: 12855244 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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655
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Jenkinson C, Peto V, Jones G, Fitzpatrick R. Interpreting change scores on the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40). Clin Rehabil 2003; 17:380-5. [PMID: 12785246 DOI: 10.1191/0269215503cr624oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the amount of change over time on the five dimensions of the 40-item Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40) that are subjectively meaningful to patients. Minimally important differences (MID), effect sizes (ES) and standardized response means (SRM) are calculated for respondents who indicate only a little change over the time of the study whilst mean change scores, ES and SRM statistics are calculated for those who indicated much change. DESIGN Postal survey. Copies of the ALSAQ-40 were completed on two occasions three months apart. Respondents were also asked to indicate how much change they had experienced since baseline on each of the five domains of the questionnaire. SETTING All patient members of the Motor Neurone Disease Association for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. SUBJECTS Seven hundred and sixty-four patient members returned questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS For those reporting minor change since baseline results varied across dimensions. For example a MID was reflected in a change of 6.67 (SD 16.52) points for the Communication dimension, whilst for the Emotional functioning dimension the change was 2.67 (SD 15.45) points. Similarly ESs and SRMs varied considerably across dimensions. Mean change over time, ES and SRM statistics for those who reported that their health was much worse at follow-up were substantially larger: for example, mean changes ranged from 6.87 (SD 15.87) to 13.79 (SD 22.60). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate the minimum magnitude of change that is subjectively meaningful to patients. Results indicate that smaller changes than have been suggested previously as significant have a subjectively meaningful adverse effect upon patients.
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656
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Norton N, Williams HJ, Williams NM, Spurlock G, Zammit S, Jones G, Jones S, Owen R, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ. Mutation screening of the Homer gene family and association analysis in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2003; 120B:18-21. [PMID: 12815733 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Homer proteins are a group of proteins that regulate group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor function. As altered glutamate function has been implicated in many neuro psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, we have screened all three known Homer genes for sequence variation for use under the candidate gene association paradigm. We found seven SNPs, including three in exons. Of these, none was non-synonymous. Allele frequencies of all the detected SNPs were estimated in DNA pools of 368 schizophrenics and 368 controls. Only one (Homer 1 IVS4 + 18A > G) was associated with schizophrenia in this sample, a finding confirmed by individual genotyping (P = 0.01). However, in our extended sample of 680 cases and 671 controls, the evidence for association diminished (P = 0.05). Our results suggest it is unlikely that sequence variants in the Homer genes contribute to the aetiology of schizophrenia, but the variants we identified are plausible candidates for other neuropsychiatric phenotypes.
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657
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Starkey KJ, Janezic A, Jones G, Jordan N, Baker G, Ludgate M. Adipose thyrotrophin receptor expression is elevated in Graves' and thyroid eye diseases ex vivo and indicates adipogenesis in progress in vivo. J Mol Endocrinol 2003; 30:369-80. [PMID: 12790806 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0300369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The thyrotrophin receptor (TSHR) provides an autoantigenic link between the thyroid and orbit in Graves' (GD) and thyroid eye diseases (TED). We measured TSHR transcripts in different fat depots to determine whether TSHR expression levels are influenced by the autoimmune/inflammatory process and/or thyroid hormone status, using quantitative real-time PCR. Nine intact or fractionated adipose samples, from patients with GD and/or TED, were analysed ex vivo. Eight expressed the TSHR, at levels approaching the thyroid, and one was at the limit of detection. Thirteen/fifteen orbital and abdominal fat samples from patients free of GD and TED, measured ex vivo, were negative for TSHR transcripts and two were at the limit of detection. All preadipocyte samples induced to differentiate in vitro expressed the TSHR. To investigate the influence of thyroid hormone status on adipose TSHR expression, we induced hyper- and hypothyroidism in BALBc mice by administering tri-iodothyronine and propylthiouracil respectively. In euthyroid animals, whole fat samples were at the limit of detection and were not altered by thyroid hormone status. The results show that adipose TSHR expression ex vivo indicates adipogenesis in progress in vivo and is associated with the autoimmune/inflammatory process in GD and TED but is not restricted to the orbit or influenced by thyroid hormone status.
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658
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Ding CH, Li Q, Xiong ZY, Zhou AW, Jones G, Xu SY. Oral administration of type II collagen suppresses pro-inflammatory mediator production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 132:416-23. [PMID: 12780687 PMCID: PMC1808728 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the oral administration of type II collagen (CII) on pro-inflammatory mediator production by synoviocytes in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with bovine CII either before immunization with Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or after initiation of arthritis. Hind paw secondary swelling was measured and synoviocytes were harvested. Sera from portal vein of oral tolerized rats were collected and in vitro synoviocytes culture or synoviocytes-Peyer's Patches (PP) cells coculture system were developed. Interleukin (IL)-1 activity was measured by a mouse thymocyte activation assayed by MTT dye reduction and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) activity was measured by an L929 cytotoxicity bioassay. Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by biochemical methods. We found that feeding with CII (5, 50 and 500 micro g/kg) for 7 days before immunization significantly suppressed hind paw secondary swelling measured at day 16, 20, 24 and 28 (all P < 0.01) and pro-inflammatory mediator (IL-1, TNF, NO and MDA) production by synoviocytes (all P < 0.01) in rats with AA. Feeding with CII (5, 50 and 500 micro g/kg) for 7 days after initiation of arthritis had a similar effect. CII (1, 10, 100 micro g/ml) had no effect on IL-1 and TNF production by synoviocytes in vitro, but CII 10 micro g/ml suppressed IL-1 and TNF production by synoviocytes-PP cells coculture system (P < 0.01), which was antagonized by anti-TGF-beta antibody (10 micro g/ml) (P < 0.01). Portal serum (1 : 10) from oral tolerized rats suppressed IL-1 and TNF production by synoviocytes (P < 0.01), which was also antagonized by anti-TGF-beta antibody (10 micro g/ml) (P < 0.01). We conclude that oral administration of CII had prophylactic and therapeutic effects on AA and over-production of IL-1, TNF, NO and MDA by synoviocytes was suppressed. Bystander active suppression may be the main mechanism of oral CII in the suppression of synoviocyte function.
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659
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Newman SA, Jones G, Newham DJ. Quadriceps voluntary activation at different joint angles measured by two stimulation techniques. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003; 89:496-9. [PMID: 12712353 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-003-0836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
People are able to fully activate their quadriceps at mid-length during a brief isometric contraction but it is uncertain whether this is the case at other muscle lengths. With the twitch superimposition technique for determining levels of voluntary activation (VA), the muscle may be stimulated through the intramuscular branches of the nerve or via the nerve trunk itself. The former technique is easier to use, but different populations of motor units may be stimulated if the joint position is changed to alter muscle length. The purpose of this study was to investigate quadriceps VA at a range of knee joint angles using both magnetic stimulation of the motor nerve and percutaneous electrical stimulation over the muscle belly. Eight healthy subjects (six females, mean age 29 years) performed maximal voluntary contractions of the quadriceps at knee joint angles at 10-110 degrees of flexion. Surface electromyography (EMG) of quadriceps and hamstrings was recorded as an indication of the amount of muscle activity. Nearly all subjects showed >95% VA at all joint angles. VA did not vary with joint angle nor were there significant differences between the two stimulation techniques. Similarly, there was no significant effect of knee joint angle on the EMG activity of either muscle group. These findings indicate that VA of the quadriceps during a brief isometric contraction is not affected by muscle length and can be measured by either stimulation technique.
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660
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661
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Gray J, Huengsberg M, Mann M, Jaffer K, MacAulay H, Drake S, Jones G, Birkill R, Wood A. A multidisciplinary approach to chlamydia screening in women undergoing termination of pregnancy: how well are we doing? Int J STD AIDS 2003; 14:287-8. [PMID: 12716502 DOI: 10.1258/095646203321264944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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662
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Girish T, Oppenheimer CA, Jones G, McKeever P. Group B beta haemolytic streptococcal (GBS) infection in the fetus is not always an ascending infection. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2003; 23:197-8. [PMID: 12751509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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663
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Masuda S, Jones G. Vitamin D Analogs- Drug Design Based on Proteins Involved in Vitamin D Signal Transduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.2174/1568008033340315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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664
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Stentiford GD, Longshaw M, Lyons BP, Jones G, Green M, Feist SW. Histopathological biomarkers in estuarine fish species for the assessment of biological effects of contaminants. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2003; 55:137-59. [PMID: 12502035 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-1136(02)00212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing emphasis on the assessment and monitoring of estuarine ecosystems has highlighted the need to deploy appropriate biological indices for these locations. Fish diseases and histopathology, with a broad range of causes, are increasingly being used as indicators of environmental stress since they provide a definite biological end-point of historical exposure. This study reports on the histopathological alterations observed in selected organs and tissues of three species of estuarine fish (Platichthys flesus, Pomatoschistus minutus and Zoarces viviparus), captured from four British estuaries (the Tyne, Tees, Mersey and Alde), differently impacted by contaminants, including PAHs. A biannual sampling regime was used to identify the important seasonal variations that occur in terms of the observed biological effects. Inflammatory lesions and hepatocellular fibrillar inclusions attained their highest prevalence in P. flesus captured from the Tyne, Tees and Mersey. The presence of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic toxicopathic lesions was highest in P. flesus captured from these sites, when compared to fish from the Aide reference site. In particular, the prevalence of hepatic foci of cellular alteration (up to 43.3%) and hepatocellular adenoma (up to 10%) were highest in P. flesus captured from the Mersey estuary. Intersex (ovotestis) was only recorded in male P.flesus captured from the Mersey estuary (up to 8.3%) and from male Z. viviparous captured from the Tyne estuary (25%). Pathologies associated with the gill and the kidney were also most prevalent in fish captured from the Tyne, Tees and Mersey estuaries. This study has successfully applied histopathology to an estuarine monitoring program, both for the recording of toxicopathic lesions in the liver and other organs, and for the detection of the endpoint of endocrine disruption, intersex. As such, it provides a powerful integrative tool for the assessment of biological effects of contaminants in these environments.
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665
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Jones G, Dwyer T, Hynes K, Dalais FS, Parameswaran V, Greenaway TM. A randomized controlled trial of phytoestrogen supplementation, growth and bone turnover in adolescent males. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:324-7. [PMID: 12571667 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2001] [Revised: 05/15/2002] [Accepted: 05/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of phytoestrogens on bone turnover and growth in adolescent boys. DESIGN Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Single school in northwest Tasmania. PARTICIPANTS Adolescent boys (treatment n=69, placebo n=59, mean age 16.8 y). INTERVENTIONS Six weeks of isoflavone supplementation (Novasoy, 50 mg daily of isoflavone equivalents). Bone turnover markers (bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and pyridinoline creatinine ratio (PYR)) were measured at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Despite marked increases in urinary genistein and daidzein in the treatment arm (both P<0.001), there were no significant differences in BAP, PYR or short-term height or weight change. This applied to both intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis. Neither was there a significant correlation between urinary genistein and daidzein levels and BAP or PYR. CONCLUSIONS Phytoestrogen supplementation to the level of usual Japanese dietary intake has no measurable effect on bone turnover in adolescent boys. Longer-term studies of bone density may be desirable but it is unlikely that there will be a large effect in either girls or boys given the lower endogenous oestrogen levels in boys.
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666
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Jones G. Website of the week: Bioterrorism. West J Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.326.7382.230/a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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667
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Jones G, Halbert J, Crotty M, Shanahan EM, Batterham M, Ahern M. The effect of treatment on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003; 42:6-13. [PMID: 12509606 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To undertake a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials to assess and rank the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in preventing radiological progression of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS The two outcome measures were the weighted standardized mean difference and the odds of progression of X-ray scores pooled as close to 12 months as possible to minimize heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 38 trials were identified. Of these, 13 were excluded, leaving data on 3907 subjects. Infliximab, cyclosporin, sulphasalazine, leflunomide, methotrexate, parenteral gold, corticosteroids, auranofin and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist were statistically better than placebo in terms of change in erosion scores. All agents were equivalent statistically, with the exception of infliximab (which was superior to the last five agents). There were similar findings for the odds of progression, with the exception of auranofin (P=0.06) and the infliximab-methotrexate comparison (P=0.07). Other agents did not reach statistical significance in either outcome measure. With the exception of the antimalarials, the magnitude of the effect was consistent with the effect seen in short-term disease activity trials. CONCLUSION There is published evidence which supports the efficacy of nine agents in decreasing radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis.
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668
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Khare MM, Howarth E, Jones G. Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/718591745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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669
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Gardner FEJ, Bosio P, Jones G, Waugh JJS. Placement of a Bakri balloon in the lower uterine segment effectively controls uterine bleeding in a case of postpartum haemorrhage due to HELLP syndrome complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/718591740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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670
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671
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672
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Anney RJ, Rees MI, Bryan E, Spurlock G, Williams N, Norton N, Williams H, Cardno A, Zammit S, Jones S, Jones G, Hoogendoorn B, Smith K, Hamshere ML, Coleman S, Guy C, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Buckland PR. Characterisation, mutation detection, and association analysis of alternative promoters and 5' UTRs of the human dopamine D3 receptor gene in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7:493-502. [PMID: 12082567 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2001] [Revised: 09/21/2001] [Accepted: 09/25/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D(3) receptor gene (DRD3) is a candidate for a number of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and alcohol and drug abuse. Previous studies have reported associations between polymorphisms in DRD3 and these disorders, but these findings may have reflected linkage disequilibrium with pathogenic variants that are further upstream. We have isolated and sequenced approximately 9 kb of genomic sequence upstream of the human DRD3 translational start site. Using 5' RACE, we have identified within this region three additional exons and two putative promoter regions which show promoter activity in three different cell lines. A 5' UTR identified only in lymphoblasts is spread over three exons and is 353 bp long. A second 5' UTR, found in adult and fetal brain, lymphocytes, kidney and placenta is spread over two exons and is 516 bp long. A 260-bp sequence within this 9 kb corresponds to a previously reported EST, but corresponding mRNA could not be found in the tissues above. The EST, 5' UTRs and putative promoter regions have been analysed for polymorphisms, revealing 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms, seven of which were tested for association in a large sample of unrelated patients with schizophrenia and matched controls. No associations were observed with schizophrenia. In addition we failed to replicate previous findings of association with homozygosity of the Ser9Gly variant. The results from this study imply that neither the coding nor the regulatory region of DRD3 plays a major role in predisposition to schizophrenia.
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673
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Pascual M, Matarán L, Jones G, Shing D, van der Slik AR, Giphart MJ, Schreuder GMT, de Vries RRP, Breedveld FC, Roovers E, Zanelli E, Martin J. HLA haplotypes and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. More than class II genes. Scand J Rheumatol 2002; 31:275-8. [PMID: 12455817 DOI: 10.1080/030097402760375160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to examine, using microsatellite (ms) markers, the contribution of the telomeric part of the HLA region to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) predisposition in the Spanish population. We have looked at the distribution of DQB1, DRBI and five ms loci (D6S1014, D6S273, D6STNFa, MIB and C1-2-5) within the HLA region in 147 Spanish RA patients and 202 control subjects. A total of 19 conserved ms configurations were observed, twelve of them in linkage disequilibrium with particular DQB1-DRB1 haplotypes. Interestingly, haplotype c1 (DQB1*0201-DRB1*0301-D6S1014*143-D6S273*139-D6STNFa*99-MIB*350-C1-2-5*196) was significantly associated with RA predisposition. As part of this haplotype, the MIB*350 allele was found to be a risk factor independently of the RA-predisposing haplotypes. The present results along with data from others prove the existence of a second predisposing locus located inside the MHC region, and suggest that might be located within the TNFa-HLA-B region.
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674
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Stankovich J, Sale MM, Cooley HM, Bahlo M, Reilly A, Dickinson JL, Jones G. Investigation of chromosome 2q in osteoarthritis of the hand: no significant linkage in a Tasmanian population. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61:1081-4. [PMID: 12429539 PMCID: PMC1753971 DOI: 10.1136/ard.61.12.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a strong genetic component to osteoarthritis (OA), especially that of the hand, and three linkage studies have suggested the existence of susceptibility loci in disparate regions of chromosome 2q. OBJECTIVE To examine for linkage to 2q in a Tasmanian population of women and men with familial hand OA. METHODS Hand OA (distal interphalangeal, carpometacarpal, and Heberden's nodes) was assessed by a combination of hand photographs and radiographs. A non-parametric linkage (NPL) analysis was performed on chromosome 2q of 69 members in 22 families with severe distal interphalangeal joint OA using Genehunter. A quantitative trait linkage analysis of a larger group of 456 members in 68 families was also performed using SOLAR. RESULTS The maximum non-parametric linkage score was 1.05 (p=0.15) at marker IL1R1, close to the centromere. All components of hand OA scores had significant heritability in this dataset (28%-35%, all p<0.001). Despite this, the quantitative trait analysis (after adjustment for age and, where appropriate, sex) yielded maximum LOD scores of 0.90 for Heberden's nodes (both sexes combined), and 1.19 for carpometacarpal OA score (women only). CONCLUSIONS These results do not provide confirmation of linkage on chromosome 2q in the larger white population with hand OA. They suggest that there are regional variations in the genetic cause of hand OA and that other loci not on 2q may be important in this disease.
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675
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Tibby SM, Taylor D, Festa M, Hanna S, Hatherill M, Jones G, Habibi P, Durward A, Murdoch IA. A comparison of three scoring systems for mortality risk among retrieved intensive care patients. Arch Dis Child 2002; 87:421-5. [PMID: 12390920 PMCID: PMC1763066 DOI: 10.1136/adc.87.5.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the impact of two paediatric intensive care unit retrieval teams on the performance of three mortality risk scoring systems: pre-ICU PRISM, PIM, and PRISM II. METHODS A total of 928 critically ill children retrieved for intensive care from district general hospitals in the south east of England (crude mortality 7.8%) were studied. RESULTS Risk stratification was similar between the two retrieval teams for scores utilising data primarily prior to ICU admission (pre-ICU PRISM, PIM), despite differences in case mix. The fewer variables required for calculation of PIM resulted in complete data collection in 88% of patients, compared to pre-ICU PRISM (24%) and PRISM II (60%). Overall, all scoring systems discriminated well between survival and non-survival (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.83-0.87), with no differences between the two hospitals. There was a tendency towards better discrimination in all scores for children compared to infants and neonates, and a poor discrimination for respiratory disease using pre-ICU PRISM and PRISM II but not PIM. All showed suboptimal calibration, primarily as a consequence of mortality over prediction among the medium (10-30%) mortality risk bands. CONCLUSIONS PIM appears to offer advantages over the other two scores in terms of being less affected by the retrieval process and easier to collect. Recalibration of all scoring systems is needed.
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