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Rayner CF, Rutman A, Dewar A, Greenstone MA, Cole PJ, Wilson R. Ciliary disorientation alone as a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:1123-9. [PMID: 8630555 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.153.3.8630555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliary disorientation has been proposed as a variant of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD); cilia have normal ultrastructure and normal or near normal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) but lack efficacy because their beat direction is disorientated. We have identified 11 patients, including two siblings, with the clinical features of PCD, who satisfy these criteria. A chest radiograph, pulmonary function tests, nasal mucociliary clearance (NMCC), CBF, ciliary ultrastructure, and orientation were assessed in each subject. One patient had biopsies taken from the nose and both main bronchi. Eight patients had a computed tomography scan (CT) of the thorax; the clinical features were compatible with PCD. Cilia ultrastructure was normal and NMCC was absent in all cases. Mean CBF was normal (11.6-14.9 Hz) in five cases and slow in six (range 8.4-9.7 Hz). Ciliary beat pattern was stiff in seven cases, six of which had slow CBF. The cilia were disorientated when measured by both the central pair (range, 21.8 degrees - 26.4 degrees) and basal feet (range, 20.6 degrees - 28.9 degrees) compared with 16 normal controls (range, 11.0 degrees - 15.5 degrees and 12.3 degrees - 17.6 degrees, respectively). Two siblings had the clinical features of PCD and ciliary disorientation alone on repeated biopsies taken 10 yr apart. Orientation of cilia from the nose and bronchus was similar. Two cases had unchanged ciliary disorientation after 3 mo of treatment with antibiotics and topical corticosteroids. We concluded that ciliary disorientation alone can lead to the clinical syndrome of PCD.
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677
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Jackson AD, Rayner CF, Dewar A, Cole PJ, Wilson R. A human respiratory-tissue organ culture incorporating an air interface. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:1130-5. [PMID: 8630556 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.153.3.8630556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immersion of respiratory tissue in organ cultures is unphysiologic and may influence the interactions of the tissue with experimental agents. We have assessed an organ culture of human nasal turbinate tissue with an air interface by light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with and without replacement of culture medium. Without replacement of medium, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was normal (11.3 +/- 0.5 Hz) at 5 d, but fell significantly (p<0.05) to 7.9 +/- 0.8 Hz at 10 d. The degree of ciliation decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 4 and 10 d. Nuclear heterochromatin in all cell types was significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 5 d. Significant (p<0.05) mitochondrial abnormalities occurred in ciliated cells at 5 d and in both ciliated and unciliated cells at 10 d. With daily replacement of medium, CBF fell significantly (p<0.05) from 11.6 +/- 0.2 Hz at Time 0 to 10.6 +/- 0.3 Hz after 20 d. The proportions of ciliated and nonciliated cells did not change after 20 d, but the proportion of mucus cells was higher at 20 d (26.3 +/- 5.4%) than at Time 0 (9.8 +/- 2.7%). No mitochondrial abnormalities, changes in nuclear heterochromatin levels, or reduction in cilial density on ciliated cells were present. The amount of damaged epithelium was less at 20d (7.2 +/- 3.8%) than at Time 0 (19.0 +/- 5.8%). This model more closely reproduces physiologic conditions in vitro than do models involving the immersion of respiratory tissue in media. Its long viability will permit studies of virus and bacterial infections, and of the effects of pharmacologic agents and environmental factors.
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678
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Wilson R, Tillotson G, Ball P. Clinical studies in chronic bronchitis: a need for better definition and classification of severity. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996; 37:205-8. [PMID: 8707730 DOI: 10.1093/jac/37.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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679
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Alexander JP, Bebek C, Berger BE, Berkelman K, Bloom K, Browder TE, Cassel DG, Cho HA, Coffman DM, Crowcroft DS, Dickson M, Drell PS, Dumas DJ, Ehrlich R, Elia R, Gaidarev P, Garcia-Sciveres M, Gittelman B, Gray SW, Hartill DL, Heltsley BK, Henderson S, Jones CD, Jones SL, Kandaswamy J, Katayama N, Kim PC, Kreinick DL, Lee T, Liu Y, Ludwig GS, Masui J, Mevissen J, Mistry NB, Ng CR, Nordberg E, Patterson JR, Peterson D, Riley D, Soffer A, Avery P, Freyberger A, Lingel K, Prescott C, Rodriguez J, Yang S, Yelton J, Brandenburg G, Cinabro D, Liu T, Saulnier M, Wilson R, Yamamoto H, Bergfeld T, Eisenstein BI, Ernst J, Gladding GE, Gollin GD, Palmer M, Selen M, Thaler JJ, Edwards KW, McLean KW, Ogg M. Observation of the Cabibbo-suppressed charmed baryon decay Lambda c+-->p phi. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1996; 53:R1013-R1017. [PMID: 10020167 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.53.r1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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680
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Nelson DR, David GL, Lau JY, Johnson RJ, Gretch D, Wilson R, Mlzokami M. Anti-GOR in chronic HCV patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. J Hepatol 1996; 24:248. [PMID: 8907582 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(96)80038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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681
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Wilson R. Anchorage clears the air. How Anchorage came to ban smoking in all buildings operated by city government including public schools. ALASKA MEDICINE 1996; 38:10-11. [PMID: 8936094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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682
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Roberts J, Jenkins C, Wilson R, Pearson C, Franklin IA, MacLean MA, McKillop JH, Walker JJ. Recurrent miscarriage is associated with increased numbers of CD5/20 positive lymphocytes and an increased incidence of thyroid antibodies. Eur J Endocrinol 1996; 134:84-6. [PMID: 8590962 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1340084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether recurrent miscarriage (three or more miscarriages, no live children) was associated with an increased incidence of autoantibodies. Five groups were enrolled into the study; healthy non-pregnant women, healthy first-trimester pregnant women, women suffering spontaneous abortion, those undergoing termination of pregnancy and those with a previous history of miscarriage. The number of total B cells and the numbers of the antibody producing B cell subset CD5+/CD20+ were determined for each group. Samples were tested for anticardiolipin antibodies, antinuclear antibodies and thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies. The results showed that compared to normal pregnancy or spontaneous abortion, recurrent miscarriage was associated with a significant increase in the number of CD5+/20+ positive cells (0.8 +/- 0.3 vs 0.5 +/- 0.1 vs 1.1 +/- 0.3 x 10(8)/l; p < 0.001). These women were also found to have a higher incidence of thyroid antibodies, with four out of the 11 patients being positive for thyroid microsomal antibodies. These results suggest that there may be an association between autoimmunity and recurrent miscarriage.
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683
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684
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Wilson R, Chu CE, Donaldson MD, Thomson JA, McKillop JH, Connor JM. An increased incidence of thyroid antibodies in patients with Turner's syndrome and their first degree relatives. Autoimmunity 1996; 25:47-52. [PMID: 9161699 DOI: 10.3109/08916939608994725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that there may be a link between Turner's syndrome and autoimmunity. The numbers involved in these studies have tended to be small and few studies have included family members. This study has compared the incidence of thyroid antibodies in the serum of 60 patients with Turner' syndrome and 50 of their mothers with 127 controls. Total T4 and TSH levels were also measured. Of the 60 patients with Turner's syndrome 18 (30%) were positive for either thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and/or thyroglobulin antibodies. The peak incidence of thyroid antibodies occurred at 13 years of age. 11 (22%) of the mothers were also antibody positive. The incidence of thyroid antibodies was significantly higher in both the patients with Turner's Syndrome (30 vs 1.7% p < 0.001) and their mothers (22 vs 6.6% p < 0.05) than in the control groups. The increased incidence of thyroid antibodies found in these patients and their mothers confirms that there is an association between Turner's Syndrome and autoimmunity. However unlike previous studies we found more patients were positive for thyroglobulin than TPO antibodies.
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685
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686
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Avery P, Freyberger A, Lingel K, Prescott C, Rodriguez J, Yang S, Yelton J, Brandenburg G, Cinabro D, Liu T, Saulnier M, Wilson R, Yamamoto H, Bergfeld T, Eisenstein BI, Ernst J, Gladding GE, Gollin GD, Palmer M, Selen M, Thaler JJ, Edwards KW, McLean KW, Ogg M, Bellerive A, Britton DI, Hyatt ER, Janicek R, MacFarlane DB, Patel PM, Spaan B, Sadoff AJ, Ammar R, Baringer P, Bean A, Besson D, Coppage D, Copty N, Davis R, Hancock N, Kotov S, Kravchenko I, Kwak N, Kubota Y, Lattery M, Momayezi M, Nelson JK, Patton S, Poling R, Savinov V, Schrenk S, Wang R, Alam MS, Kim IJ, Ling Z, Mahmood AH, O'Neill JJ, Severini H, Sun CR, Timm S, Wappler F, Crawford G, Duboscq JE, Fulton R. Observation of a narrow state decaying into Xi +c pi -. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:4364-4368. [PMID: 10059890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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687
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Abstract
General practitioner prescribing is a subject of legitimate interest to all those concerned with the quality of patient care. The analysis of prescribing and cost data can reveal much about this quality. Suggests that both general practitioners and those who administer and advise on family practitioner services will need to understand the issues involved. Warns that, taken in isolation, prescribing data can be misleading, and it must be compared with other aspects of patient care. Simple calculations can suggest areas of possible under-prescribing and over-prescribing, and in turn lead to consideration of the criteria for diagnosis of common chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes, as well as their subsequent management. Suggests that the prescribing of both new drugs and those of dubious merit is a subject for particular scrutiny, and those who prescribe these drugs must accept the duty of extra vigilance this imposes on them.
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688
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Wilson R. George Adlington Syme Oration. The International Year of Tolerance: its challenge to Australia. THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF SURGERY 1995; 65:833-7. [PMID: 8611104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1995.tb00572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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689
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Gray GM, Li P, Shlyakhter I, Wilson R. An empirical examination of factors influencing prediction of carcinogenic hazard across species. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1995; 22:283-91. [PMID: 8837853 DOI: 10.1006/rtph.1995.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was stimulated by a recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 1994) statement in draft environmental carcinogen risk assessment guidelines: "Several kinds of observations from animal studies can contribute to the judgment whether animal responses indicate a significant carcinogenic hazard to humans." We have investigated each of these kinds of observation using the cancer bioassay data system database. We obtained concordances from rat to mouse (and vice versa) for various subgroups of chemicals as follows: chemicals that induced tumors at multiple sites, chemicals that induce cancer in both sexes, chemicals that display reduced latency, and chemicals increasing the rates of rare tumors. The concordances are much higher for these chemical subgroups than the chemical groups that induce tumor at a single site, in only one sex, or without reduced latency, respectively. Thus, our findings support some of the EPA's suggested factors.
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690
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Wilson R. My rose garden; a close-up view of the mentally ill shows they're like flowers planted in an alley. THE JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL NURSING 1995; 45:6, 15. [PMID: 8568704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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691
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Brandenburg G, Cinabro D, Liu T, Saulnier M, Wilson R, Yamamoto H, Bergfeld T, Eisenstein BI, Ernst J, Gladding GE, Gollin GD, Palmer M, Selen M, Thaler JJ, Edwards KW, McLean KW, Ogg M, Bellerive A, Britton DI, Hyatt ER, Janicek R, MacFarlane DB, Patel PM, Spaan B, Sadoff AJ, Ammar R, Baringer P, Bean A, Besson D, Coppage D, Copty N, Davis R, Hancock N, Kotov S, Kravchenko I, Kwak N, Kubota Y, Lattery M, Momayezi M, Nelson JK, Patton S, Poling R, Savinov V, Schrenk S, Wang R, Alam MS, Kim IJ, Ling Z, Mahmood AH, O'Neill JJ, Severini H, Sun CR, Wappler F, Crawford G, Duboscq JE, Fulton R, Fujino D, Gan KK, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Lee J, Sung M, White C. Measurement of the D+s--> eta. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:3804-3808. [PMID: 10059736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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692
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Balest R, Cho K, Ford WT, Lohner M, Park H, Rankin P, Smith JG, Alexander JP, Bebek C, Berger BE, Berkelman K, Bloom K, Browder TE, Cassel DG, Cho HA, Coffman DM, Crowcroft DS, Dickson M, Drell PS, Dumas DJ, Ehrlich R, Elia R, Gaidarev P, Garcia-Sciveres M, Gittelman B, Gray SW, Hartill DL, Heltsley BK, Henderson S, Jones CD, Jones SL, Kandaswamy J, Katayama N, Kim PC, Kreinick DL, Lee T, Liu Y, Ludwig GS, Masui J, Mevissen J, Mistry NB, Ng CR, Nordberg E, Patterson JR, Peterson D, Riley D, Soffer A, Avery P, Freyberger A, Lingel K, Prescott C, Rodriguez J, Yang S, Yelton J, Brandenburg G, Cinabro D, Liu T, Saulnier M, Wilson R, Yamamoto H, Bergfeld T, Eisenstein BI, Ernst J, Gladding GE. Measurements of the decays tau --->h-h+h- nu tau and tau --->h-h+h- pi 0 nu tau. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:3809-3813. [PMID: 10059737 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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693
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Bartelt, Csorna, Egyed, Jain, Gibaut, Kinoshita, Pomianowski, Barish, Chadha, Chan, Cowen, Eigen, Miller, O'Grady, Urheim, Weinstein, Würthwein, Asner, Athanas, Bliss, Brower, Masek, Paar, Gronberg, Korte, Kutschke, Menary, Morrison, Nakanishi, Nelson, Nelson, Qiao, Richman, Roberts, Ryd, Tajima, Witherell, Balest, Cho, Ford, Lohner, Park, Rankin, Smith, Alexander, Bebek, Berger, Berkelman, Bloom, Browder, Cassel, Cho, Coffman, Crowcroft, Dickson, Drell, Dumas, Ehrlich, Elia, Gaidarev, Garcia-Sciveres, Gittelman, Gray, Hartill, Heltsley BK, Henderson S, Jones CD, Jones SL, Kandaswamy J, Katayama N, Kim PC, Kreinick DL, Lee T, Liu Y, Ludwig GS, Masui J, Mevissen J, Mistry NB, Ng CR, Nordberg E, Patterson JR, Peterson D, Riley D, Soffer A, Avery P, Freyberger A, Lingel K, Rodriguez J, Yang S, Yelton J, Brandenburg G, Cinabro D, Liu T, Saulnier M, Wilson R, Yamamoto H, Bergfeld T, Eisenstein BI, Ernst J, Gladding GE, Gollin GD, Palmer M, Selen M, Thaler JJ, Edwards KW, McLean KW, Ogg M, Bellerive A, Britton DI, Hyatt ERF, Janicek R, MacFarlane DB, Patel PM, Spaan B, Sadoff AJ, Ammar R, Baringer P, Bean A, Besson D, Coppage D, Copty N, Davis R, Hancock N, Kelly M, Kotov S, Kravchenko I, Kwak N, Lam H, Kubota Y, Lattery M, Momayezi M, Nelson JK, Patton S, Poling R, Savinov V, Schrenk S, Wang R, Alam MS, Kim IJ, Ling Z, Mahmood AH, O’Neill JJ, Severini H, Sun CR, Wappler F, Crawford G, Fulton R, Fujino D, Gan KK, Honscheid K, Kagan H, Kass R, Lee J, Sung M, White C, Wolf A, Zoeller MM, Fu X, Nemati B, Ross WR, Skubic P, Wood M, Bishai M, Fast J, Gerndt E, Hinson JW, McIlwain RL, Miao T, Miller DH, Modesitt M, Payne D, Shibata EI, Shipsey IPJ, Wang PN, Gibbons L, Kwon Y, Roberts S, Thorndike EH, Coan T, Dominick J, Fadeyev V, Korolkov I, Lambrecht M, Sanghera S, Shelkov V, Skwarnicki T, Stroynowski R, Volobouev I, Wei G, Artuso M, Gao M, Goldberg M, He D, Horwitz N, Moneti GC, Mountain R, Muheim F, Mukhin Y, Playfer S, Rozen Y, Stone S, Xing X, Zhu G. Search for CP violation in D0 decay. Int J Clin Exp Med 1995; 52:4860-4867. [PMID: 10019710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.52.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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694
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Thézé N, Hardy S, Wilson R, Allo MR, Mohun T, Thiebaud P. The MLC1f/3f gene is an early marker of somitic muscle differentiation in Xenopus laevis embryo. Dev Biol 1995; 171:352-62. [PMID: 7556919 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1995.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
cDNAs clones encoding the MLC1f and MLC3f proteins of Xenopus laevis have been isolated from a stage 42 cDNA library. Sequence analysis reveals that the amphibian MLC1f and MLC3f isoforms are similar to the mammalian and avian cognates. The two isoforms share a common 141-amino-acid carboxy-terminal regions. These are 49 and 9 residues long for the MLC1f and MLC3f isoforms, respectively. This suggests a genomic organization similar to the mammalian and avian genes, with two promoters and alternative splicing. The developmental expression of the MLC1f/3f mRNAs was studied by Northern blot and RNase protection and their spatial expression analyzed by in situ hybridization. Both the MLC1f and MLC3f mRNAs can be detected in the developing embryo from the end of gastrulation and accumulate rapidly in the somitic mesoderm. Expression of the MLC1f/3f gene can also be detected in animal cap explants which have been induced to form mesodermal derivatives by exposure to activin A or bFGF. However, unlike other muscle-specific markers, neither transcript from the MLC1f/3f gene can be detected in embryonic or adult cardiac muscle, their expression being restricted to somitic muscle. Together, these data demonstrate that expression of the MLC1f/3f gene provides a sensitive and specific marker for skeletal muscle differentiation. Ectopic expression of myogenic factors in animal caps induces the expression of the MLC1f/3f gene, suggesting that the amphibian gene, like its mammalian and avian counterparts, is a regulatory target for members of the MyoD family of transcription factors.
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695
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Lyons G, Dresner M, Wilson R. Comparison of ropivacaine and bupivacaine for extradural analgesia. Br J Anaesth 1995; 75:373-4. [PMID: 7547069 DOI: 10.1093/bja/75.3.373-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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696
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Amitani R, Taylor G, Elezis EN, Llewellyn-Jones C, Mitchell J, Kuze F, Cole PJ, Wilson R. Purification and characterization of factors produced by Aspergillus fumigatus which affect human ciliated respiratory epithelium. Infect Immun 1995; 63:3266-71. [PMID: 7543879 PMCID: PMC173450 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.9.3266-3271.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which Aspergillus fumigatus colonizes the respiratory mucosa are unknown. Culture filtrates of eight of nine clinical isolates of A. fumigatus slowed ciliary beat frequency and damaged human respiratory epithelium in vitro. These changes appeared to occur concurrently. Culture filtrates of two clinical isolates of Candida albicans had no effect on ciliated epithelium. We have purified and characterized cilioinhibitory factors of a clinical isolate of A. fumigatus. The cilioinhibitory activity was heat labile, reduced by dialysis, and partially extractable into chloroform. The activity was associated with both high- and low-molecular-weight factors, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. A low-molecular-weight cilioinhibitory factor was further purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and shown by mass spectrometry to be gliotoxin, a known metabolite of A. fumigatus. Gliotoxin significantly slowed ciliary beat frequency in association with epithelial damage at concentrations above 0.2 microgram/ml; other Aspergillus toxins, i.e., fumagillin and helvolic acid, were also cilioinhibitory but at much higher concentrations. High-molecular-weight (> or = 35,000 and 25,000) cilioinhibitory materials had neither elastolytic nor proteolytic activity and remain to be identified. Thus, A. fumigatus produces a number of biologically active substances which slow ciliary beating and damage epithelium and which may influence colonization of the airways.
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697
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Tsang KW, Rutman A, Kanthakumar K, Palmer A, Roberts D, Tillotson G, Cole PJ, Wilson R. The effects of low concentrations of antibiotics on epithelial damage caused by non-typable Haemophilus influenzae and bacterial morphology. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995; 36:545-9. [PMID: 8830020 DOI: 10.1093/jac/36.3.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile culture filtrates from non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) grown in medium containing no antibiotics or 0.25 MIC of amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin or loracarbef were examined for their effect on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and structure of human respiratory epithelium. CBF slowing was significantly (P < 0.05) less with 0.25 MIC of all three antibiotics. The epithelium was significantly (P < 0.05) less disrupted with ciprofloxacin. The morphology of NTHi infecting human adenoid organ cultures after 24 h with or without 0.25 MIC of the same antibiotics was measured by scanning electron microscopy. Only ciprofloxacin caused a significant (P < 0.05) change in morphology.
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698
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Balest R, Cho K, Ford WT, Johnson DR, Lingel K, Lohner M, Rankin P, Smith JG, Alexander JP, Bebek C, Berkelman K, Bloom K, Browder TE, Cassel DG, Cho HA, Coffman DM, Crowcroft DS, Drell PS, Dumas DJ, Ehrlich R, Gaidarev P, Garcia-Sciveres M, Geiser B, Gittelman B, Gray SW, Hartill DL, Heltsley BK, Henderson S, Jones CD, Jones SL, Kandaswamy J, Katayama N, Kim PC, Kreinick DL, Ludwig GS, Masui J, Mevissen J, Mistry NB, Ng CR, Nordberg E, Patterson JR, Peterson D, Riley D, Salman S, Sapper M, Würthwein F, Avery P, Freyberger A, Rodriguez J, Yang S, Yelton J, Cinabro D, Liu T, Saulnier M, Wilson R, Yamamoto H, Bergfeld T, Eisenstein BI, Gollin G, Ong B, Palmer M, Selen M, Thaler JJ, Edwards KW. Inclusive decays of B mesons to charmonium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1995; 52:2661-2672. [PMID: 10019483 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.52.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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699
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Wilson R. LPNs and delegating. THE JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL NURSING 1995; 45:31-2. [PMID: 7494202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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700
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O'Donnell M, Smith WE, MacCuish AC, Wilson R. Quantitative determination of functional thiol groups on intact cell surfaces by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 1995; 120:2357-60. [PMID: 7573973 DOI: 10.1039/an9952002357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity and selectivity of resonance Raman spectroscopy, combined with electronic spectroscopy, has been used to develop a method to quantify the membrane thiol population in situ in viable erythrocytes. This technique is based on the thiol-disulfide reaction of Ellman's reagent (5,5'-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid). It has the advantage that continuous monitoring of lysis is simple and a correction can be made for any interference resulting from lysis. In addition, the extent of reaction can be expressed as a ratio of the reagent signal, providing an internal calibrant.
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