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Khan MU, Khan S, El-Refaie S, Win Z, Rubello D, Al-Nahhas A. Clinical indications for Gallium-68 positron emission tomography imaging. Eur J Surg Oncol 2009; 35:561-7. [PMID: 19201567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (68)Ga-PET imaging is showing slow but steady progress when compared to (18)F-FDG PET. The advantage of in-house preparation of (68)Ga without necessity of a cyclotron, and the new generator configuration with future possibility of freeze-dried kits would make it a promising PET agent for the future. METHODS An exhaustive literature exploration was performed using the search engines High-Wire Press, Pubmed, Embase and library databases. Recent reviews on the subject and up-to-date studies on the topic were found that described the role of (68)Ga-PET imaging. Clinical experiences, including our own are described. RESULTS Recent resurgence in development of peptides labelled with radiometals, for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, resulted in a new beginning for (68)Ga-PET imaging. Pre-clinical experience employing animal models and investigation of tracer kinetics/tumour uptake measurements using dynamic (68)Ga-PET have provided data regarding identification of Somatostatin receptors subtypes on many tumours. Present published experiences including our own support these and highlight current clinical utility of (68)Ga-PET imaging. (68)Ga-DOTATOC and (68)Ga-DOTANOC are the most prominent radiopharmaceuticals used nowadays. CONCLUSION (68)Ga-PET is employed in the management of neuroendocrine tumours and neural crest tumours (phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma) with diagnostic and therapeutic implications where it compliments present radiologic and scintigraphic procedures. Diagnosis and radiotherapy treatment planning for meningiomas in pertinent clinical setting is another potential use of (68)Ga-PET. Limited studies have shown its utility in prostate cancer but further studies are contemplated. Therefore, current experience tends to open a new horizon for the clinical utility of (68)Ga-PET imaging in future.
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677
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Dulan G, Yang Y, Liu Z, Khan S, Rossi I, Nwariaku F. QS352. VEGF Regulates Endothelial Migration by Reactive Oxidant Species - Mediated Inactivation of SHP-2 Phosphatase. J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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678
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Khan S, Dawson S, Moor J, Sewell W, Dore P. A Patient Survey on the Use and Effectiveness of Aerosolized Epinephrine (Primatene mist inhaler) for Treatment of Anaphylaxis/angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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679
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Le Roux MR, Khan S, Valentine AJ. Nitrogen and carbon costs of soybean and lupin root systems during phosphate starvation. Symbiosis 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03179989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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680
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Holding S, Khan S, Doré P, Sewell W. Comparison of Commercial Nonammoniated and Ammoniated Latex Skin Prick Testing Solutions by SDS-PAGE. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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681
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Jun Xie, Khan S, Shah M. Automatic Tracking ofEscherichia Coliin Phase-Contrast Microscopy Video. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56:390-9. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2008.2005956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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682
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Wickremaratchi MM, Majounie E, Morris HR, Williams NM, Lewis H, Gill SS, Khan S, Heywood P, Hardy J, Wiles CM, Singleton AB, Quinn NP. Parkin-related disease clinically diagnosed as a pallido-pyramidal syndrome. Mov Disord 2009; 24:138-40. [PMID: 18942080 PMCID: PMC6322409 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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683
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Ahmed B, Masoodi MH, Khan S. Anti-Hepatotoxic Activity of <I>Marrubium vulgare L.</I> in Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Toxicity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.18579/jpcrkc/2009/8/1/79785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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684
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Husain M, Khan S, Husain M, Saeed M, Chaudhry N. Comparison Between Prevalence and Patterns of Cigarette Smoking Amongst Sixth form Students in the United Kingdom and Pakistan. Eur Psychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Tobacco smoking is one of the major preventable causes of premature death and disease in the world. Adolescents are amongst the most vulnerable group of individuals in society and are highly susceptible to cigarette smoking. Sixth Formers being the most senior members of the school act as role models to younger pupils and could influence smoking behaviour.Objective:In a cross sectional and comparative study we aimed to determine the differences in smoking prevalence and patterns between Sixth Form students in Pakistan (a developing country) and the United Kingdom (a developed country).Method:A self-administered questionnaire, adapted from the WHO questionnaire, about tobacco smoking for health professionals was distributed amongst the students. The responses were anonymised to encourage truthful answers; there was no pressure to respond.Of the 235 participants in the UK, 38 (16%) were regular smokers. Of the 297 participants in Pakistan, 20 (7%) of participants were regular smokers. In both countries there was a significant difference between the genders, with males being more likely to smoke. In Pakistan it was identified that the main reason for smoking was due to peer pressure, where as in the UK it was for recreational and social purposes.Conclusions:The prevalence of smoking was higher in UK compared to Pakistan. There was a significant difference in the smoking behaviour patterns in the two countries.
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685
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Kroll J, Khan S. National initiative for quality assurance in diabetes care. Can J Diabetes 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(09)33109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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686
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Ali N, Rehman S, Imran M, Hussian I, Shehbaz N, Jamshed H, Hayat A, Khan S, Anwar MJ. The in-practice prescribing pattern for antibiotics in the management of diabetic foot: Needs much more to be done! J Young Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.59331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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687
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Guimond J, Khan S, Kuntz A. Best and promising practices in diabetes education. Can J Diabetes 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(09)33021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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688
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Stuart G, Hollingsworth A, Thomsen F, Szylkarski S, Khan S, Tomlinson R, Kirkpatrick S, Catterall K, Capati B. Gold coast seaway smartrelease decision support system: optimising recycled water release in a sub tropical estuarine environment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2009; 60:2077-2084. [PMID: 19844054 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gold Coast Water is responsible for the management of the water, recycled water and wastewater assets of the City of the Gold Coast on Australia's east coast. Excess treated recycled water is released at the Gold Coast Seaway, a man-made channel connecting the Broadwater Estuary with the Pacific Ocean, on an outgoing tide in order for the recycled water to be dispersed before the tide changes and re-enters the Broadwater estuary. Rapid population growth has placed increasing demands on the city's recycled water release system and an investigation of the capacity of the Broadwater to assimilate a greater volume of recycled water over a longer release period was undertaken in 2007. As an outcome, Gold Coast Water was granted an extension of the existing release licence from 10.5 hours per day to 13.3 hours per day from the Coombabah wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The Seaway SmartRelease Project has been designed to optimise the release of the recycled water from the Coombabah WWTP in order to minimise the impact to the receiving estuarine water quality and maximise the cost efficiency of pumping. In order achieve this; an optimisation study that involves intensive hydrodynamic and water quality monitoring, numerical modelling and a web-based decision support system is underway. An intensive monitoring campaign provided information on water levels, currents, winds, waves, nutrients and bacterial levels within the Broadwater. This data was then used to calibrate and verify numerical models using the MIKE by DHI suite of software. The Decision Support System will then collect continually measured data such as water levels, interact with the WWTP SCADA system, run the numerical models and provide the optimal time window to release the required amount of recycled water from the WWTP within the licence specifications.
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689
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Hamid S, Arujuna A, Khan S, Ladwiniec A, McPhail M, Bostock J, Mobb M, Patel N, Bucknall C, Rinaldi CA. Extraction of chronic pacemaker and defibrillator leads from the coronary sinus: laser infrequently used but required. Europace 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eup075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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690
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691
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Kumar BSA, Prabhakarn V, Lakshman K, Nandeesh R, Subramanyam P, Khan S, Ranganayakalu D, Krishna NV. Pharmacognostical studies of Portulaca oleracea Linn. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2008000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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692
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Khan S, Rowlands R, Benjamin E, Abramovich S. Accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cholesteatoma. Clin Otolaryngol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01843_8.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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693
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Hamid S, Arujna A, Khan S, Ladwiniec A, McPhail M, Bostock J, Mobb M, Patel N, Bucknall C, Rinaldi CA. Extraction of chronic pacemaker and defibrillator leads from the coronary sinus: laser infrequently used but required. Europace 2008; 11:213-5. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eun374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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694
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van der Tol A, Hussain A, Sever MS, Claus S, Van Biesen W, Hoste E, Khan S, Vanholder R. Impact of local circumstances on outcome of renal casualties in major disasters. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 24:907-12. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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695
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Khan S, Alaamer AS, Tahir SNA. Assessment of 7Be concentration in outdoor ambient air. HEALTH PHYSICS 2008; 95:433-435. [PMID: 18784516 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000318885.73725.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
7Be is a cosmogenic radionuclide with a half-life of 53.3 d produced mostly in the stratosphere by cosmic ray spallation of nitrogen and oxygen and entering the lower troposphere by atmospheric circulation processes. 7Be emits gamma rays of energy 477.6 keV and its concentration in the ambient air can be measured by gamma spectrometry. In the present study, the activity concentration of 7Be in outdoor ambient air of Lahore city, Pakistan, has been measured employing two air samplers and using a high purity germanium [HP(Ge)] detector. The 7Be activity concentration was found in the range from 1.6 to 11.3 mBq m(-3) with a mean value of 5.4 mBq m(-3).
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696
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Salahuddin N, Shafqat S, Mapara S, Khan S, Siddiqui S, Manasia R, Ahmad A. End of life in the intensive care unit: knowledge and practice of clinicians from Karachi, Pakistan. Intern Med J 2008; 38:307-13. [PMID: 18402559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With improvements in the care of critically ill, physicians are faced with obligations to provide quality end-of-life care. Barriers to this include inadequate understanding of the dying patient and withdrawal or limitation of care. The objectives of this study were to document the comprehensions of physicians and nurses regarding the recognition and practice of end-of-life care for critically ill patients placed on life support in the intensive care unit. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out at three hospitals in Karachi. Chi-squared analysis and one-way ANOVA were used to compare differences in response between the groups. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-seven physicians and critical care nurses completed the survey. 'Brain death' was defined as an 'irreversible cessation of brainstem function' by 85% respondents, with 50% relying on specialty consultation. Withdrawal of life support is practised by 83.2%; physicians are more likely (Chi square test P-value < 0.001) to withdraw mechanical ventilation, compared with nurses who would withdraw vasopressors (P-value 0.006). In a do not resuscitate patient, 72.3% use vasopressors, 83% initiate haemodialysis and 17.5% use non-invasive ventilation; 72.6% consult Hospital Ethics Committees; 16% respondents never withdraw life support; 28.3% considered it their responsibility to 'sustain life at all costs' and only 8% gave religious beliefs as a reason. CONCLUSIONS There are confusions in the definition of brain death, end-of-life recognition and indications and processes of withdrawal of life support. There are discrepancies between physicians' and nurses' perceptions and attitudes. Clearly, teaching programmes will need to incorporate cultural and religious differences in their ethics curricula.
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697
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Mishra V, Barrere B, Hong R, Khan S. Evaluation of bias in HIV seroprevalence estimates from national household surveys. Sex Transm Infect 2008; 84 Suppl 1:i63-i70. [PMID: 18647869 PMCID: PMC2569831 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate HIV seroprevalence estimates from demographic and health surveys (DHS) and AIDS indicator surveys (AIS) for potential bias because of non-response and exclusion of non-household population groups. METHODS Data are from 14 DHS/AIS surveys with HIV testing, conducted during 2003-6. Blood samples were collected and analysed for HIV using standard laboratory and quality control procedures. HIV prevalence among non-tested adults was predicted based on multivariate statistical models of HIV for those who were interviewed and tested, using a common set of predictor variables. Estimates of the size of non-household populations in national censuses were used to assess potential bias because of their exclusion in the household surveys under different assumptions about proportion of adults and HIV prevalence in non-household populations. RESULTS Non-tested men had significantly higher predicted HIV prevalence than those tested in eight of the 14 countries, while non-tested women had significantly higher predicted prevalence than those tested in seven of the 14 countries. Effects of non-response were somewhat stronger in lower-prevalence countries. The overall effect of non-response on observed national HIV estimates was small and insignificant in all countries. Estimated effects of exclusion of non-household population groups were generally small, even in concentrated epidemics in India and Cambodia under the scenario that 75% of the non-household population was adults having 20 times greater HIV prevalence than adults in household surveys. CONCLUSIONS Non-response and the exclusion of non-household population groups tend to have small, insignificant effects on national HIV seroprevalence estimates obtained from household surveys.
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698
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Sherman J, Khan S, Lynn A. O.545 Parotid duct strictures: a prospective audit evaluating the outcomes of balloon dilatation sialoplasty 2001–2007. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(08)71669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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699
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Gajbhiye R, Suryawanshi A, Khan S, Meherji P, Warty N, Raut V, Chehna N, Khole V. Multiple endometrial antigens are targeted in autoimmune endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 16:817-24. [PMID: 18549691 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the growth of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations. Its aetiology is multifactorial, but autoimmunity has been shown to play a role in its onset and development. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of both IgG and IgM anti-endometrial antibodies in sera of endometriosis patients in comparison with age-matched controls, and to also investigate the cognate endometrial proteins involved. Sera from these groups were screened by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Thirteen out of the 40 sera tested were positive for IgG isotype, and 10/27 IgG negative patients were positive for IgM isotype. These findings indicate that endometrial antibodies of IgG and IgM classes could be detected in almost 60% of endometriosis patients. Of the various identified endometrial antigens, 30 and 45 kDa antigens were immunodominant in both IgG and IgM positive endometriosis patients. With immunohistochemistry, positive sera showed reactivity in luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and stroma. These anti-endometrial antibodies might be partially responsible for failure of implantation leading to infertility. Identification of specific targets would be a help in understanding the pathophysiology of endometriosis, and would also help in setting up a non-invasive test for the diagnosis of endometriosis.
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700
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Mathur T, Singhal S, Khan S, Bhateja P, Pandya M, Rattan A, Bhatnagar PK, Upadhyay DJ, Fatma T. Effect of oxazolidinone, RBx 7644 (ranbezolid), on inhibition of staphylococcal adherence to plastic surfaces. J Chemother 2008; 20:420-7. [PMID: 18676219 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2008.20.4.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion to biomaterial is assumed to be a crucial step in the pathogenesis of foreign body infection. Slime producing Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus have emerged as a preeminent cause of nosocomial bacteremia and infections of prosthetic medical devices. We evaluated the time-dependent anti-adhesive effect of RBx 7644 (ranbezolid), vancomycin, linezolid and quinupristin/ dalfopristin on two isolates each of S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Linezolid and quinupristin/ dalfopristin showed inhibition only at supra-inhibitory concentrations (2 and 4X MIC) following 2 and 4 h delayed treatment, whereas RBx 7644 demonstrated significant activity against adhesion of staphylococcal cells that had been treated with 2 to 6 h delay. When vancomycin treatment was delayed by 4 to 6 h, even concentrations above the MIC were unable to prevent adherence. This study indicates that RBx 7644 has anti-adhesion potential and may emerge as an important antibiotic for prevention and treatment of device-related infections caused by staphylococci.
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