676
|
Sass HCR, West N, Møller MN, Cayé-Thomasen P. [Workup and treatment of vestibular schwannomas]. Ugeskr Laeger 2018; 180:V02180131. [PMID: 30259833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas are benign tumours originating from the eighth cranial nerve. The incidence in Denmark is rising and is around 200 per million per year. Pure tone audiometry, discrimination score and tinnitus anamnesis determine, whether a diagnostic MRI is merited. Around one fourth of newly diagnosed patients receive surgery due to the size of the tumour, whereas the remaining three fourths go into a "wait-and-scan" regime. 30-40% of the patients in this regime experience growth and are offered either surgery or radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
677
|
Xie R, Fu KI, Chen SM, Tuo BG, Wu HC. Neurofibromatosis type 1-associated multiple rectal neuroendocrine tumors: A case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3806-3812. [PMID: 30197486 PMCID: PMC6127664 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i33.3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is commonly associated with benign or malignant tumors in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, rare cases of NF-1-associated multiple rectal neuroendocrine tumors have been reported. This report describes a case of a 39 year old female with NF-1 and intermittent hematochezia as a primary symptom. Physical examination showed multiple subcutaneous nodules and café au lait spots with obvious scoliosis of the back. Imaging examinations and colonoscopy found malformation of the left external iliac vein and multiple gray-yellow nodules with varying sizes and shapes in the rectal submucosal layer. Histological and immunohistochemical results suggested multiple rectal neuroendocrine tumors, a rare disease with few appreciable symptoms and a particularly poor prognosis. The patient with NF-1 presented here had not only multiple rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms but also vascular malformations, scoliosis and other multiple system lesions. This case therefore contributes to improving clinical understanding, diagnosis and treatment of related complications for patients with NF-1 who present with associated medical conditions.
Collapse
|
678
|
Chancy M, Gónzalez V, Cabrales M, Lopera C, García HI. [Radical post-prostatectomy biochemical relapse in patients with pathological factors treated with adjuvant versus observation radiotherapy in Colombia.]. ARCH ESP UROL 2018; 71:588-594. [PMID: 30198850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with prostate cancer and high-risk pathological factors, adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) has been reported to be superior to observation for local disease control and progressionfree survival. But more than 30% of the patients do not present biochemical relapse (BR) and therefore the ART associated with the toxicity can be avoided. It has not been determined whether close observation with early salvage radiotherapy provides a similar result to ART. METHODS Patients with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) at the Institute of Cancerology (Medellín-Colombia), and those who had adverse predictors of biochemical relapse were included: extracapsular compromise, seminal vesicle involvement (pT3), and positive surgical margins (PSM) or not. Biochemical progression-free survival was compared between ART group and the observation group. RESULTS Of 171 patients treated with RP, 55 had at least one adverse pathological factor. Of them, 33 (60%) were observed and 22 (40%) received ART. The median follow-up was 55 months (IQR: 37-89). Biochemical relapse occurred in 6 (18.2%) of the first group and 3 (13.6%) of the second group (p>0.05). Biochemical progression-free survival was 24.2% (95%CI: 11.5%-39.6%) in the observation group and 47.7% (95CI: 26.3%-66.4%) in the ART. CONCLUSIONS After radical prostatectomy, the biochemical relapse in the patient with high-risk prostate cancer was similar in the observation group and in the ART group.
Collapse
|
679
|
Liu E, Paulson S, Gulati A, Freudman J, Grosh W, Kafer S, Wickremesinghe PC, Salem RR, Bodei L. Assessment of NETest Clinical Utility in a U.S. Registry-Based Study. Oncologist 2018; 24:783-790. [PMID: 30158287 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical relevance of molecular biomarkers in oncology management has been recognized in breast and lung cancers. We evaluated a blood-based multigene assay for management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in a real-world study (U.S. registry NCT02270567). Diagnostic accuracy and relationship to clinical disease status in two cohorts (treated and watch-and-wait) were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with NETs (n = 100) were followed for 6-12 months. Patients' primary tumors were gastroenteropancreatic (68%), lung 20%, and of unknown origin (12%). Characteristics included well-differentiated, low-grade tumors (97%), stage IV disease (96%); treatment with surgery (70%); and drug treatment (56%). NETest was measured at each visit and disease status determined by RECIST. Scores categorized as low (NETest 14%-40%) or high (≥80%) defined disease as stable or progressive. Multivariate analyses determined the strength of the association with progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS NETest diagnostic accuracy was 96% and concordant (95%) with image-demonstrable disease. Scores were reproducible (97%) and concordant with clinical status (98%). The NETest was the only feature linked to PFS (odds ratio, 6.1; p < .0001). High NETest correlated with progressive disease (81%; median PFS, 6 months), and low NETest correlated with stable disease (87%; median PFS, not reached). In the watch-and-wait cohort, low NETest was concordant with stable disease in 100% of patients, and high NETest was associated with management changes in 83% of patients. In the treated cohort, all low NETest patients (100%) remained stable. A high NETest was linked to intervention and treatment stabilization (100%). Use of NETest was associated with reduced imaging (biannual to annual) in 36%-38% of patients. CONCLUSION Blood NETest is an accurate diagnostic and can be of use in monitoring disease status and facilitating management change in both watch-and-wait and treatment cohorts. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE A circulating multigene molecular biomarker to guide neuroendocrine tumor (NET) management has been developed because current biomarkers have limited clinical utility. NETest is diagnostic (96%) and in real time defines the disease status (>95%) as stable or progressive. It is >90% effective in guiding treatment decisions in conjunction with diagnostic imaging. Monitoring was effective in watch-and-wait or treatment groups. Low levels supported no management change and reduced the need for imaging. High levels indicated the need for management intervention. Real-time liquid biopsy assessment of NETs has clinical utility and can contribute additional value to patient management strategies and outcomes.
Collapse
|
680
|
de Wit NJ. [Antibiotics not indicated for uncomplicated diverticulitis; the argument is settled]. NEDERLANDS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR GENEESKUNDE 2018; 162:D3170. [PMID: 30212015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diverticulitis generally has a good prognosis, and several studies have shown that uncomplicated diverticulitis can be successfully treated without administration of antibiotics. Questions remained about long-term outcomes, but the two-year follow-up results of the DIABOLO study confirm that initial management without antibiotics yields favourable short-term and long-term outcomes.
Collapse
|
681
|
Grobman WA, Rice MM, Reddy UM, Tita ATN, Silver RM, Mallett G, Hill K, Thom EA, El-Sayed YY, Perez-Delboy A, Rouse DJ, Saade GR, Boggess KA, Chauhan SP, Iams JD, Chien EK, Casey BM, Gibbs RS, Srinivas SK, Swamy GK, Simhan HN, Macones GA. Labor Induction versus Expectant Management in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:513-523. [PMID: 30089070 PMCID: PMC6186292 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1800566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perinatal and maternal consequences of induction of labor at 39 weeks among low-risk nulliparous women are uncertain. METHODS In this multicenter trial, we randomly assigned low-risk nulliparous women who were at 38 weeks 0 days to 38 weeks 6 days of gestation to labor induction at 39 weeks 0 days to 39 weeks 4 days or to expectant management. The primary outcome was a composite of perinatal death or severe neonatal complications; the principal secondary outcome was cesarean delivery. RESULTS A total of 3062 women were assigned to labor induction, and 3044 were assigned to expectant management. The primary outcome occurred in 4.3% of neonates in the induction group and in 5.4% in the expectant-management group (relative risk, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 1.00). The frequency of cesarean delivery was significantly lower in the induction group than in the expectant-management group (18.6% vs. 22.2%; relative risk, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.93). CONCLUSIONS Induction of labor at 39 weeks in low-risk nulliparous women did not result in a significantly lower frequency of a composite adverse perinatal outcome, but it did result in a significantly lower frequency of cesarean delivery. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; ARRIVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01990612 .).
Collapse
|
682
|
Alvarado-Socarrás JL, Manrique-Hernández EF, Jaimes Á, Rodríguez G. Cutaneous leishmaniasis and pregnancy. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2018; 38:144-146. [PMID: 30184376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
|
683
|
Diguisto C, Winer N, Benoist G, Laurichesse-Delmas H, Potin J, Binet A, Lardy H, Morel B, Perrotin F. In-utero aspiration vs expectant management of anechoic fetal ovarian cysts: open randomized controlled trial. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 52:159-164. [PMID: 29205608 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of in-utero aspiration (IUA) of anechoic fetal ovarian cysts. METHODS This multicenter, prospective, randomized open trial in two parallel groups included women from nine outpatient fetal medicine departments with singleton pregnancy ≥ 28 weeks of gestation and a female fetus with an ultrasound-diagnosed simple ovarian cyst, defined as a single fully anechoic cystic structure measuring ≥ 30 mm. They were allocated randomly to IUA under ultrasound guidance or expectant management. All procedures were performed by trained senior obstetricians. Primary outcome was need for neonatal intervention, by laparoscopy, laparotomy or transabdominal aspiration. Secondary outcomes were in-utero involution of the cyst and oophorectomy at birth. Analyses were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS Of 61 participants, 34 were allocated to IUA and 27 to expectant management. Three IUA procedures (9%) could not be performed (one due to fetal position and two due to aspirations being dry). The remaining 31 IUA procedures were uneventful. The incidence of neonatal intervention did not differ significantly between the IUA and the expectant management groups (20.6% vs 37.0%; relative risk (RR), 0.55; 95% CI, 0.24-1.27). Nonetheless, IUA was associated with increased incidence of in-utero involution of the cyst (47.1% vs 18.5%; RR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.07-6.05) and reduced rate of oophorectomy (3.0% vs 22.0%; RR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-1.03) compared with expectant management. CONCLUSION IUA of anechoic fetal ovarian cysts, compared with expectant management, was not associated with a reduction in overall neonatal interventions but was associated with a reduced oophorectomy rate. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
|
684
|
|
685
|
Matta-Coelho C, Ramos R, Almeida R, Marques O. Giant pituitary incidentaloma. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-225485. [PMID: 30002217 PMCID: PMC6047686 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
686
|
Gani C, Grosse U, Clasen S, Kirschniak A, Goetz M, Rödel C, Zips D. Cost analysis of a wait-and-see strategy after radiochemotherapy in distal rectal cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 2018; 194:985-990. [PMID: 29987338 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-018-1327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonoperative management (NOM) of rectal cancer after radiochemotherapy (RtChx) in patients with a clinical complete response is an emerging strategy with the goal to improve quality of life without compromising cure rates. However close monitoring with both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and rectoscopy is required for the early detection of possible local regrowths. We therefore performed a cost analysis comparing the costs of immediate surgery with the costs for MRI and rectoscopy during surveillance as in the upcoming CAO/ARO/AIO-16 trial. METHODS MRIs and rectoscopies of patients with a clinical complete response after RtChx over the course of 5 years were simulated and compared with immediate surgery after RtChx. Transition probabilities between health stages (no evidence of disease, local regrowth and salvage surgery, distant failure) were derived from the literature. Costs for ambulatory imaging and endoscopic studies were calculated according to the "Gebührenordnung für Ärzte" (GOÄ), costs for surgery based on the diagnosis-related groups system. Three different scenarios with higher costs for salvage surgery or higher regrowth rates were simulated. RESULTS A patient without disease recurrence will generate costs for MRI and rectoscopy of 6344 € over 5 years compared with costs of 14,511 € for immediate radical surgery. When 25% local regrowths with subsequent salvage surgery were included in the model, the average costs per patient are 8299 €. In our simulations a NOM strategy was cost-saving compared with immediate surgery in all three scenarios. CONCLUSION A NOM strategy with an intensive surveillance using MRI and rectoscopy will produce costs that are expected to remain below those of immediate surgery.
Collapse
|
687
|
King MT, Nguyen PL, Boldbaatar N, Tempany CM, Cormack RA, Beard CJ, Hurwitz MD, Suh WW, D'Amico AV, Orio PF. Long-term outcomes of partial prostate treatment with magnetic resonance imaging-guided brachytherapy for patients with favorable-risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2018; 124:3528-3535. [PMID: 29975404 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial prostate treatment has emerged as a potential method for treating patients with favorable-risk prostate cancer while minimizing toxicity. The authors previously demonstrated poor rates of biochemical disease control for patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) intermediate-risk disease using partial gland treatment with brachytherapy. The objective of the current study was to estimate the rates of distant metastasis and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) for this cohort. METHODS Between 1997 and 2007, a total of 354 men with clinical T1c disease, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level < 15 ng/mL, and Gleason grade ≤3 + 4 prostate cancer underwent partial prostate treatment with brachytherapy to the peripheral zone under 0.5-Tesla magnetic resonance guidance. The cumulative incidences of metastasis and PCSM for the NCCN very low-risk, low-risk, and intermediate-risk groups were estimated. Fine and Gray competing risk regression was used to evaluate clinical factors associated with time to metastasis. RESULTS A total of 22 patients developed metastases at a median of 11.0 years (interquartile range, 6.9-13.9 years). The 12-year metastasis rates for patients with very low-risk, low-risk, and intermediate-risk disease were 0.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.1%-4.4%), 8.7% (95% CI, 3.4%-17.2%), and 15.7% (95% CI, 5.7%-30.2%), respectively, and the 12-year PCSM estimates were 1.6% (95% CI, 0.1%-7.6%), 1.4% (95% CI, 0.1%-6.8%), and 8.2% (95% CI, 1.9%-20.7%), respectively. On multivariate analysis, NCCN risk category (low risk: hazard ratio, 6.34 [95% CI, 1.18-34.06; P = .03] and intermediate risk: hazard ratio, 6.98 [95% CI, 1.23-39.73; P = .03]) was found to be significantly associated with the time to metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Partial prostate treatment with brachytherapy may be associated with higher rates of distant metastasis and PCSM for patients with intermediate-risk disease after long-term follow-up. Treatment of less than the full gland may not be appropriate for this cohort.
Collapse
|
688
|
Marshall B, Prasad S, Noel MA, Burket J, Arnold M, Arthur B, Bennett N, Smith A. PURL: First-time, mild diverticulitis: Antibiotics or watchful waiting? THE JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE 2018; 67:435-438. [PMID: 29989615 PMCID: PMC6039115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Don't jump to antibiotic Tx for mild, uncomplicated diverticulitis, a recent RCT says. Observation may be just as effective.
Collapse
|
689
|
Baek J, Yang SH, Kim CH, Chung CK, Choi Y, Heo JH, Park SB, Hwang SH, Jung JM, Kim KT. Postoperative Longitudinal Outcomes in Patients with Residual Disc Fragments after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy. Pain Physician 2018; 21:E457-E466. [PMID: 30045612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residual disc fragments are observed on immediate postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 2.8-15% of patients after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). Considering the known postoperative longitudinal outcomes in patients with residual disc tissue, a 'watchful waiting' strategy may be preferable to immediate re-operation in patients with asymptomatic residual disc material. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to compare the longitudinal clinical outcomes between PELD patients in whom the complete removal of disc fragments was achieved (complete group) and those in whom residual disc fragments were observed on postoperative MRI (residual group). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective nested case-control study. METHODS A total of 225 patients were included (complete group, n=187 and residual group, n=38). Clinical assessments were performed using the visual analog pain score for the leg (VAS-L, x/10) and back (VAS-B, x/10) and the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI, x/45). A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze changes during the first 24 postoperative months. RESULTS One month after surgery, significant improvements in the VAS-L, VAS-B and K-ODI values were observed and were maintained during the first 24 postoperative months. No differences in these changes were noted between the groups. Early re-operation (during the first 3 postoperative months) was performed in 3 patients in the residual group (7.9%) and in 4 patients in the complete group (2.1%) (P = 0.10). LIMITATIONS First, the study design was retrospective. Moreover, the number of patients was relatively small and therefore insufficient to achieve robust statistical power. Second, we did not explore the radiological outcomes in patients with asymptomatic residual disc material because follow-up MRI was only obtained to document symptom recurrence. CONCLUSION When residual disc tissue is observed in asymptomatic patients, a 'watchful waiting' strategy may be preferable to immediate re-operation. However, an increased early re-operation rate is expected for patients with residual disc tissue. KEY WORDS Discectomy, endoscopes, longitudinal studies, patient-reported outcome, percutaneous, reoperation, spine, residual disc.
Collapse
|
690
|
Thurtle D, Barrett T, Thankappan-Nair V, Koo B, Warren A, Kastner C, Saeb-Parsy K, Kimberley-Duffell J, Gnanapragasam VJ. Progression and treatment rates using an active surveillance protocol incorporating image-guided baseline biopsies and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging monitoring for men with favourable-risk prostate cancer. BJU Int 2018; 122:59-65. [PMID: 29438586 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess early outcomes since the introduction of an active surveillance (AS) protocol incorporating multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-guided baseline biopsies and image-based surveillance. PATIENTS AND METHODS A new AS protocol mandating image-guided baseline biopsies, annual mpMRI and 3-monthly prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, but which retained protocol re-biopsies, was tested. Pathological progression, treatment conversion and triggers for non-protocol biopsy were recorded prospectively. RESULTS Data from 157 men enrolled in the AS protocol (median age 64 years, PSA 6.8 ng/mL, follow-up 39 months) were interrogated. A total of 12 men (7.6%) left the AS programme by choice. Of the 145 men who remained, 104 had re-biopsies either triggered by a rise in PSA level, change in mpMRI findings or by protocol. Overall, 23 men (15.9%) experienced disease progression; pathological changes were observed in 20 men and changes in imaging results were observed in three men. Of these 23 men, 17 switched to treatment, giving a conversion rate of 11.7% (<4% per year). Of the 20 men with pathological progression, this was detected in four of them after a PSA increase triggered a re-biopsy, while in 10 men progression was detected after an mpMRI change. Progression was detected in six men, however, solely after a protocol re-biopsy without prior PSA or mpMRI changes. Using PSA and mpMRI changes alone to detect progression was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 70.0% and 81.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our AS protocol, with thorough baseline assessment and imaging-based surveillance, showed low rates of progression and treatment conversion. Changes in mpMRI findings were the principle trigger for detecting progression by imaging alone or pathologically; however, per protocol re-biopsy still detected a significant number of pathological progressions without mpMRI or PSA changes.
Collapse
|
691
|
Chan KE, Chedgy ECP, Bent CL, Turner KJ. Surveillance imaging for sporadic renal angiomyolipoma less than 40 mm: lessons learnt and recommendations from the experience of a large district general hospital. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:480-484. [PMID: 29658337 PMCID: PMC6111918 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sporadic renal angiomyolipomas, although benign in natural can cause life-threatening spontaneous haemorrhage. Surveillance of smaller lesions is recommended but there is no guidance on the surveillance interval or modality. Our aim was to study our sporadic angiomyolipoma population to determine the growth rate, factors that were associated with a higher growth rate and design a surveillance programme. Materials and methods All sporadic renal angiomyolipomas diagnosed between September 2009 and March 2015 were included. Patients with a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis were excluded. Results A total of 217 sporadic renal angiomyolipomas were diagnosed. The median follow-up was 24 months (range 10-118 months). The median size at diagnosis was 9.00 mm with a mean growth rate of 0.13 mm/year (standard deviation 0.88). One hundred and fifty angiomyolipomas (69%) were shown to have negative or zero growth. In the remaining 67, 59 had a growth rate of less than 2.00 mm/year. Size of angiomyolipoma, tumour burden and age were not associated with a higher growth rate on multivariate analysis. Conclusion The majority of sporadic angiomyolipomas are small and do not grow. Our practice is to perform surveillance for those greater than 20 mm, with five-yearly ultrasound scans for 21-29 mm, and two-yearly surveillance for 30-39 mm tumours.
Collapse
|
692
|
van der Spek N, Vos J, van Uden-Kraan CF, Breitbart W, Cuijpers P, Knipscheer-Kuipers K, Willemsen V, Tollenaar RAEM, van Asperen CJ, Leeuw IMVD. Cost-utility analysis of meaning-centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors. Psychooncology 2018; 27:1772-1779. [PMID: 29624807 PMCID: PMC6043397 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meaning-centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors (MCGP-CS) improves meaning, psychological well-being, and mental adjustment to cancer and reduces psychological distress. This randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the cost-utility of MCGP-CS compared with supportive group psychotherapy (SGP) and care-as-usual (CAU). METHODS In total, 170 patients were randomized to MCGP-CS, SGP, or CAU. Intervention costs, direct medical and nonmedical costs, productivity losses, and health-related quality of life were measured until 6 months follow-up, using the TIC-P, PRODISQ, data from the hospital information system, and the EQ-5D. The cost-utility was calculated by comparing mean cumulative costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). RESULTS Mean total costs ranged from €4492 (MCGP-CS) to €5304 (CAU). Mean QALYs ranged .507 (CAU) to .540 (MCGP-CS). MCGP-CS had a probability of 74% to be both less costly and more effective than CAU, and 49% compared with SGP. Sensitivity analyses showed these findings are robust. If society is willing to pay €0 for one gained QALY, MCGP-CS has a 78% probability of being cost-effective compared with CAU. This increases to 85% and 92% at willingness-to-pay thresholds of €10 000 and €30 000, which are commonly accepted thresholds. CONCLUSIONS MCGP-CS is highly likely a cost-effective intervention, meaning that there is a positive balance between the costs and gains of MCGP-CS, in comparison with SGP and CAU.
Collapse
|
693
|
Gordon A, Greenhalgh M, McGuire W. Early planned removal versus expectant management of peripherally inserted central catheters to prevent infection in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 6:CD012141. [PMID: 29940073 PMCID: PMC6513452 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012141.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duration of use may be a modifiable risk factor for central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection in newborn infants. Early planned removal of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) is recommended as a strategy to reduce the incidence of infection and its associated morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of early planned removal of PICCs (up to two weeks after insertion) compared to an expectant approach or a longer fixed duration in preventing bloodstream infection and other complications in newborn infants. SEARCH METHODS We searched of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2018, Issue 4), Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Maternity & Infant Care Database, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (until April 2018), and conference proceedings and previous reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that assessed the effect of early planned removal of umbilical venous catheters (up to two weeks after insertion) compared to an expectant management approach or a longer fixed duration in preventing bloodstream infection and other complications in newborn infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors assessed trial eligibility independently. We planned to analyse any treatment effects in the individual trials and report the risk ratio and risk difference for dichotomous data and mean difference for continuous data, with respective 95% confidence intervals. We planned to use a fixed-effect model in meta-analyses and explore potential causes of heterogeneity in sensitivity analyses. We planned to assess the quality of evidence for the main comparison at the outcome level using "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation" (GRADE) methods. MAIN RESULTS We did not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There are no trial data to guide practice regarding early planned removal versus expectant management of PICCs in newborn infants. A simple and pragmatic randomised controlled trial is needed to resolve the uncertainty about optimal management in this common and important clinical dilemma.
Collapse
|
694
|
Prostate Cancer: Making Decisions About Treatment. Am Fam Physician 2018; 97:Online. [PMID: 30216020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
|
695
|
Brawley S, Mohan R, Nein CD. Localized Prostate Cancer: Treatment Options. Am Fam Physician 2018; 97:798-805. [PMID: 30216009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, prostate cancer will be diagnosed in one out of seven men in his lifetime. Most cases are localized, and only one in 39 men will die from the disease. Prostate cancer is most often detected using serum prostate-specific antigen testing. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines use four main factors to stratify risk of disease progression or recurrence and to determine the recommended treatment: clinical stage, pathologic grade, prostate-specific antigen level, and comorbidity-adjusted life expectancy. Radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation therapy should be considered for patients with high-risk prostate cancer regardless of comorbidity-adjusted life expectancy. These treatments are almost equivalent in effectiveness but have different adverse effect profiles. Patients who undergo radical prostatectomy are more likely to experience urinary incontinence and trouble obtaining or sustaining an erection compared with patients who opt for radiation therapy. Brachytherapy is an option for patients with low-risk disease and some patients with intermediate-risk disease. Active surveillance is an option for patients with low-risk and very low-risk disease. With active surveillance, patients are closely followed and undergo invasive treatments only if the cancer progresses. Prostate cancer progression may be indicated by an increase in the pathologic grade, a significant rise in serum prostate-specific antigen level, or an abnormality on digital rectal examination.
Collapse
|
696
|
Loeb S, Byrne N, Makarov DV, Lepor H, Walter D. Use of Conservative Management for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer in the Veterans Affairs Integrated Health Care System From 2005-2015. JAMA 2018; 319:2231-2233. [PMID: 29800017 PMCID: PMC6134433 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study uses US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) data to characterize trends in the use of watchful waiting and active surveillance as strategies for managing low-risk prostate cancer in US veterans from 2005 through 2015.
Collapse
|
697
|
Englert EG, Ares G, Henricks A, Rychlik K, Hunter CJ. Analysis of factors predicting surgical intervention and associated costs in pediatric breast masses: a single center study. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:679-685. [PMID: 29644453 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Finding a breast mass in a child provokes apprehension in parents, especially in those with a family history of breast cancer. Clinicians must decide between serial imaging or biopsy of the mass. Herein, we identify management differences in those with and without a positive family history, as well as identify cost differences. METHODS An institutional retrospective review was performed of patients (2-18 years of age) with a diagnosis of breast mass. Patient demographics, presentation, medical and surgical history, physical exam, imaging, and pathologic diagnosis were collected. Cost data were acquired from the pediatric health information system (PHIS). Costs were compared between patients managed by biopsy versus serial ultrasounds. Bivariate analyses including Pearson's Chi-square, student's t tests, and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS The probability of biopsy increases with age (p = 0.0001) and female gender (p = 0.006). Biopsy rate is higher for larger masses (p < 0.0001), growing size (p < 0.0001), and in patients with a positive family history of breast cancer (p < 0.0001). The average cost of care for management with initial excisional biopsy was $4491 versus those with serial ultrasounds ($986) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with small lesions, even with a family history of breast cancer, non-operative monitoring is a safe and cost-effective alternative to invasive biopsy.
Collapse
|
698
|
Reistrup H, Zetner DB, Andersen K, Rosenberg J. [A watchful waiting strategy in ventral and inguinal hernias]. Ugeskr Laeger 2018; 180:V09170710. [PMID: 29808816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In male patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic ventral and inguinal hernias, a watchful waiting strategy should be considered. Even though one third to two thirds of these patients will eventually undergo hernia repair, they may still benefit from a watchful waiting strategy, as hernia repair is associated with a range of complications, e.g. wound infection, haematoma, seroma, fistulas and chronic pain. Delay of hernia repair in these patients is not associated with any significant increase in morbidity or mortality, and the risk of incarceration is very low.
Collapse
|
699
|
Martin-Malburet A, Marcq G, Leroy X, Guiffart P, Fantoni JC, Flamand V, Villers A, Puech P, Ouzzane A. [Pathology findings after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in patients eligible for active surveillance: Contribution of multiparametric MRI to treatment decision]. Prog Urol 2018; 28:425-433. [PMID: 29789235 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze, in patients with prostate cancer (PC) potentially eligible for active surveillance (AS), whether multiparametric-MRI (mp-MRI) predicts presence of clinically significant cancer on radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen. METHODS We identified 77 men with PC eligible for AS (PSA≤15ng/mL, stage≤T2a, Gleason score≤6, up to 3 positive cores, maximal cancer core length≤5mm) who underwent RP between 01/2008 and 08/2015. All patients had prebiopsy mp-MRI followed by systematic±targeted biopsies. For each patient, the likelihood of the presence of cancer on mp-MRI was assigned using Likert scale (1 to 5). The predictive factors for the presence of significant cancer on RP specimen (Gleason score≥7 and/or tumoral maximal diameter>10mm) were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS Median age was 61 and median PSA was 6.7ng/mL. Overall, 49 (64%) patients had a positive mp-MRI (score≥3). Clinically significant cancer on RP specimen was found in 45 (58%) patients (69% in MRI-positive patients vs 39% in MRI-negative patients). In multivariate analysis, a positive MRI was a predictive factor for the presence of significant cancer on the surgical specimen (OR=3.0; CI95% [1.01-8.88]; P=0.04), as was age (OR=1.17; CI95% [1.05-1.31]; P=0.004) and PSAD (OR=1.10; CI95% [1.01-1.20]; P=0.02). CONCLUSION Mp-MRI is a useful exam for selecting patients eligible for AS even if the situation remains unclear after prostate biopsies including targeted biopsies. Upon confirmation by further studies, mp-MRI should be considered as an independent criterion before entering an AS program. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Collapse
|
700
|
Schwendicke F, Lamont T, Innes N. Removing or Controlling? How Caries Management Impacts on the Lifetime of Teeth. MONOGRAPHS IN ORAL SCIENCE 2018; 27:32-41. [PMID: 29794420 DOI: 10.1159/000487829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Historically, traditional carious lesion management focused on the importance of removal of all carious tissue, with little thought to the lesion origins. The surgical removal of any sign of a carious lesion was prioritised with little, or no, consideration to pulp vitality, loss of tooth structure, or caries disease management. This symptomatic approach concentrating on lesions rather than on the cause of the disease, focused on preventing secondary carious lesion development. Early detection and improved understanding of the caries process - that lesion progress can be arrested or slowed - has led to preventive measures and less destructive management as a focus. The choice of lesion management depends on: whether a primary or permanent tooth is involved; which tooth surface(s) is/are involved; whether the lesion is confined to enamel or extends into dentine; the lesion depth, and lesion cleansability. Use of preventive and minimally invasive operative strategies is complicated by the lack of predictable ways of recording lesions' status to allow early detection of failed strategies and early intervention. Because re-restoration usually makes the cavity larger and, consequently, the tooth weaker, the clinician should be certain about initiating the repeat restoration cycle, delaying the first restoration as much as possible. The 3 main principles that support preventing or slowing the repeat restoration cycle are: (1) avoid restoration placement until there is no other option; (2) place them for maximum longevity; (3) if re-restoration is necessary, repair or refurbishment is preferable to replacement of a defective restoration.
Collapse
|