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Bashir S, Salam A, Chhajro MA, Fu Q, Khan MJ, Zhu J, Shaaban M, Kubar KA, Ali U, Hu H. Comparative efficiency of rice husk-derived biochar (RHB) and steel slag (SS) on cadmium (Cd) mobility and its uptake by Chinese cabbage in highly contaminated soil. Int J Phytoremediation 2018; 20:1221-1228. [PMID: 31274024 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1448364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in red soil has been considered as a severe threat due to its toxic effects on plants and food security. This study aims to evaluate the comparative efficiency of rice husk-derived biochar (RHB) and steel slag (SS) metal stabilizer on decreasing Cd mobility and bioavailability to Chinese cabbage grown on acidic contaminated red soil. Several extraction techniques: a sequential extraction procedure, the European Community Bureau of Reference, toxicity characteristics leaching procedure, ammonium nitrate, and simple bioaccessibility extraction test were used to measure Cd mobility after amelioration of the investigated soil. The results indicated that application of stabilizer significantly increased soil chemical properties including soil pH, cation exchange capacity, nutrients, and organic matter. The soluble portion of Cd in soil was significantly decreased by 17.6-31.2% and 7.8-11.7% for RHB and SS at 1.5% and 3% application rate, respectively. Moreover, Cd bioaccessibility was significantly declined by 37.08% with RHB and 11.3% with SS at 3% rate. Inlcorporation of RHB at 3% can effectively immobilize Cd and thereby, reduce its phytoavailability to cabbage in Cd-contaminated soil to mitigate food security risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Bashir
- a Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) , Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Abdus Salam
- a Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) , Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | | | - Qingling Fu
- a Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) , Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Muhammad Jamal Khan
- c School of Agriculture and Food Science , Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Dookie Campus, The University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jun Zhu
- a Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) , Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- a Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) , Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Kashif Ali Kubar
- a Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) , Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Umeed Ali
- a Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) , Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Hongqing Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) , Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
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Salam A, Papalexopoulou N, White JM, Martin B, Coakley G, McGibbon DH. Neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis: a novel association with poststreptococcal rheumatic disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:311-314. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Salam
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | | | - J. M. White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - B. Martin
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - G. Coakley
- Department of Rheumatology; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust; London UK
| | - D. H. McGibbon
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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Salam A, Mubashir M, Mubashir H, Fatimi SH. Giant retrocardiac foregut duplication cyst presenting with left atrial compression and palpitations. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-222427. [PMID: 29237664 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 35-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of palpitations and shortness of breath. An ECG showed premature atrial contractions and episodes of supraventricular tachycardia. A subsequent echocardiogram showed a retrocardiac cystic mass that was compressing the left atrium. A CT scan confirmed these findings by showing a large left-sided posterior mediastinal cyst compressing the left atrium and pulmonary veins. The cyst was successfully excised from the retrocardiac position via left thoracotomy after which there was complete resolution of the palpitations. Histopathology showed it to be a mediastinal cyst, most likely a foregut duplication of the enterogenic variant. This is an extremely unusual case of foregut duplication cyst presenting with compression of the left atrium and pulmonary veins leading to atrial arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Salam
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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104
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Abstract
Social media connect people by sharing text, photos, audio and videos among themselves. Medical professional and patients also communicate through social media; however, issues of privacy and confidentiality of medical professions in regards to medical and health care decisions contradict with the openness of the usage of social media. Member of the medical profession can use social media but need to abide by the code of conduct of medical ethics in order to render the best possible services. This paper emphasizes on the needs of inclusion of social media usage in future health care providers curriculum by the higher educational institutions in order to aware of the ethical and professional aspect.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.606-609
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Abstract
A 46-year-old man presented with shortness of breath and recurrent, left-sided pleural effusions. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed a large, left-sided pleural effusion with a mass in the posterior mediastinum. A pleural tap showed lymphocytic exudate. The biopsy of the mass was inconclusive. A left posterolateral thoracotomy was performed, which showed a large posterior mediastinal mass adherent to the left lung. The mass was completely excised and the histopathology proved it to be giant predominantly cystic schwannoma. The pleural effusion resolved after tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Saulat H Fatimi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Aga Khan University
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106
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Antus Z, Salam A, Horvath E, Malhotra R. Outcomes for severe aponeurotic ptosis using posterior approach white-line advancement ptosis surgery. Eye (Lond) 2017; 32:81-86. [PMID: 28776587 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to report the outcome of posterior approach white-line advancement surgery for severe involutional aponeurotic ptosis.Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective review of an interventional case series of all patients undergoing surgery for severe involutional aponeurotic ptosis during a 42-month period at a single center. The inclusion criteria were severe involutional ptosis (upper eyelid margin reflex distance (MRD) ≤1 mm) undergoing posterior approach surgery. There was minimum 3-month follow-up. The main outcome measures were type of ptosis (primary or recurrent), preoperative margin reflex distance, levator function and eyelid skin crease height, presence of visible iris sign (VIS), documented unusual intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, and follow-up time.ResultsOf the 836 procedures for ptosis, 122 procedures (76 patients) met the inclusion criteria for this study. Mean postoperative follow-up was 28 (median 18, range 12-98) weeks. Success rates were 80.3% (98/122) overall, 81.5% (66/81) in the non-VIS group, and 78% (32/41) in the VIS group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.411). Failures were due to undercorrection, with <2 mm MRD in 75% (18/24), overcorrection with >4.5 mm MRD in 16.7% (4/24), and inter-eyelid height asymmetry of >1 mm in 8.3% (2/122).ConclusionsOutcomes of ptosis surgery for severe aponeurotic ptosis using a posterior approach white-line advancement are comparable to, and possibly better than, anterior approach in eyelids with VIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Antus
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Salam
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
| | - E Horvath
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R Malhotra
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
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107
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Potts J, Maybury C, Salam A, Barker J, Agarwal K, Smith C. Diagnosing liver fibrosis: a narrative review of current literature for dermatologists. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:637-644. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.R. Potts
- Institute of Liver Studies King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London U.K
| | - C.M. Maybury
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London U.K
| | - A. Salam
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London U.K
| | - J.N. Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London U.K
| | - K. Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London U.K
| | - C.H. Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London U.K
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Woodward JE, Salam A, Logar AJ, Schaefer AT, Rao AS. Flt3-L Augments the Engraftment of Donor-Derived Bone Marrow Cells When Combined with Sublethal Irradiation and Costimulatory (CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L) Blockade. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/096020198389870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell costimulatory blockade as a constituent for recipient conditioning prior to bone marrow transplantation has led to the development of less toxic protocols for the establishment of donor cell chimerism. We therefore hypothesized that the addition of the hematopoietic growth factor, Flt3-ligand (Flt3-L), to the perioperative inhibition of the CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40 ligand costimulatory pathways would enhance the engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow. Recipient BALB/c ByJ (H-2d, Mlsc, Vβ6+/Vβ8+ TCR) received a single sublethal dose of total body irradiation (300 rad) 6 h prior to transplantation IV with unfractionated donor CBA/J (H-2k, Mlsd, Vβ6-/Vβ8+ TCR) bone marrow cells. CTLA4-Ig and/or MR1 were administered at 500 μg IP on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 posttransplantation. Flt3-L was administered at 10 μg IP on days 0–6. Donor cell chimerism was determined on days 30–90 by flow cytometric analysis. Donor-specific tolerance was assessed by skin grafting. In vitro TCR cross-linking assays and flow cytometry were utilized to explore the deletion of donor-reactive T cells. Recipients receiving CTLA4-Ig and MR1 engrafted allogeneic bone marrow cells in the peripheral blood (3/6; 50%) with chimerism being detected at 2–31%. Addition of Flt3-L to this preconditioning regimen enhanced the incidence of engraftment of donor bone marrow cells (10/13; 3–70%). Long-term survival of donor but not third-party-specific skin grafts demonstrated that donor-specific tolerance had been achieved in the chimeric recipients. Deletion of the donor-reactive T cells within the chimeric recipients was also observed. The addition of hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines to the nonmyeloablative regimen of sublethal irradiation and T-cell costimulatory blockade provides a novel strategy for the establishment of donor cell chimerism and for the induction of stable and robust donor-specific tolerance. The deletion of donor-reactive T cells using this protocol suggests the reliability and feasibility of this protocol for clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Woodward
- Section of Cellular Transplantation, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Abdus Salam
- Section of Cellular Transplantation, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Alison J. Logar
- Section of Cellular Transplantation, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Adam T. Schaefer
- Section of Cellular Transplantation, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15261
| | - Abdul S. Rao
- Section of Cellular Transplantation, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15261
- Section of Cellular Transplantation, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and the Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15261
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Rashid MO, Sheikh A, Salam A, Farooq S, Kiran Z, Islam N. Diabetic ketoacidosis characteristics and differences In type 1 versus type 2 diabetes patients. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2017; 29:398-402. [PMID: 29076669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is undoubtedly one of the most challenging health problems of the 21st century. It is well known that diabetes once develop can lead to several complications. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the life-threatening complications of diabetes. This study was designed to determine the frequency of DKA in diabetes patients and find out the clinical and biochemical determinants of DKA. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi, Pakistan from January 2010 to February 2016. All known or newly diagnosed diabetic patients of >16 years of age irrespective of gender and type of diabetes were included. Information regarding patient's demographics, presenting symptoms, precipitating causes of DKA, biochemical profiles and outcome at the time of discharge was collected. RESULTS Majority (54.7%) had moderate and 12.4% had severe DKA at presentation. Previous history of DKA was found higher in type 1 diabetes patients (T1DM) (14%) as compare to (4%) type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) (p<0.05). DKA severity was observed more (12%) in newly diagnosed (T1DM) (p<0.05). Comorbidities were found more (81%) in (T2DM) (p<0.05) Mortality was also observed higher in Type 2 diabetes patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Majority of the diabetics had moderate to severe DKA at presentation. Mortality and morbidity related with DKA was found considerably higher among patients with T2DM while infection, myocardial infarction and stroke found as triggering factors in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdus Salam
- Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saad Farooq
- Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan
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Salam A, Khan I, Sonawalla A, Fatimi S. Rare mycotic aneurysms of internal jugular vein and innominate vein secondary to untreated parapharyngeal abscess: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 19:62-64. [PMID: 28652911 PMCID: PMC5475254 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 31 year old woman presented with three months history of large untreated parapharyngeal abscess and bleeding from the mouth. On evaluation chest CT scan identified the abscess extending down to the superior mediastinum and multiple small lung abscesses. Echocardiography showed tricuspid valve insufficiency. Patient was brought to the operating room (OR) and intra-operatively it was found that she had multiple large mycotic pseudoaneurysms of the internal jugular vein and right brachiocephalic veins. All these pseudoaneurysms were repaired with pericardial patches under cardiopulmonary bypass. Patient did well in the short postoperative follow up and was then referred to plastic surgery and ENT for further surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Salam
- The Aga Khan University, Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Inamullah Khan
- The Aga Khan University, Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Amyn Sonawalla
- The Aga Khan University, Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Saulat Fatimi
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Ashraf MW, Salam A, Mian A. Levels of Organotin Compounds in Selected Fish Species from the Arabian Gulf. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 98:811-816. [PMID: 28405694 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, data on the levels of hazardous Organotin compounds in eight commercially important fish species, caught from Arabian Gulf, has been reported. Highest levels of tributyltin (TBT) (98.5 ng/g dry weight) were detected in Epinephelus Tauvina whereas minimum (43.7 ng/g) were found in Acanthoparagus Bifasciatus. Highest levels of triphenyltin (TPT) were detected in Lethrinus Miniatus (107.5 ng/g) whereas lowest were encountered in Acanthoparagus Bifasciatus (64.9 ng/g). Highest value of total butyltin compounds (∑BT) were found in emperors (Lethrinus Miniatus) (228.4 ng/g) whereas minimum was found in Acanthoparagus Bifasciatus (126.4 ng/g). Similarly highest value of total phenyltin compounds (∑PT) was encountered in Epinephelus Tauvina (281.9 ng/g) followed closely by Acanthoparagus Bifasciatus (281.7 ng/g). In addition, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the local population from consumption of these fish was also evaluated. Highest EDI was found to be 10.8 ng/kg bw/day for epinephelus microdan. The data are also compared internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqar Ashraf
- Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O. Box 1664, Al Khobar, 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdus Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 344, Rabigh, 21911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiq Mian
- Center for Environment & Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Barcellona P, Safari H, Salam A, Buhmann SY. Enhanced Chiral Discriminatory van der Waals Interactions Mediated by Chiral Surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:193401. [PMID: 28548535 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We predict a discriminatory interaction between a chiral molecule and an achiral molecule which is mediated by a chiral body. To achieve this, we generalize the van der Waals interaction potential between two ground-state molecules with electric, magnetic, and chiral response to nontrivial environments. The force is evaluated using second-order perturbation theory with an effective Hamiltonian. Chiral media enhance or reduce the free interaction via many-body interactions, making it possible to measure the chiral contributions to the van der Waals force with current technology. The van der Waals interaction is discriminatory with respect to enantiomers of different handedness and could be used to separate enantiomers. We also suggest a specific geometric configuration where the electric contribution to the van der Waals interaction is zero, making the chiral component the dominant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Barcellona
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hassan Safari
- Physics and Photonics Department, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, P.O. Box 76315-117, Mahan, Kerman, Iran
| | - A Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
| | - Stefan Yoshi Buhmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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113
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Mikolasch TA, Marshall A, Salam A, Porter JC. P163 Surgical lung biopsy in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease- a systematic literature review. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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114
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Salam A, Saiboon IM, Jaafar MJ, Hamzah FA, Balakrishnian B, Kamarudin MA, Yaman MN, Bujang SM, Siraz HH. Tutors Perception on a Training Workshop on Simulation Based Medical Education. Bangladesh J Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v15i2.28653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The notion of learning by doing has become less acceptable especially when invasive procedures are needed. Simulation provides learners the opportunity for deliberate practice. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) is one of the promoter of Simulation-based medical education (SBME), conducting regularly train the trainer workshop aimed to increase the efficiency of learner. The objective of this paper is to provide an insight from the learners perspective on a SBME workshop.Methods: It was a pre and post-test design survey, done on a total of 21 participants of UKMMC who attended a 2-day train-the-trainer workshop on SBME held in April 2014 at Simulation Lab of Emergency Department. Participants were exposed to interactive-lectures, hands-on with scenario design-development using high fidelity simulator and trying out the scenario with simulation. Each simulation session lasted around 30 minutes, followed by a 15-minute debriefing and 10-minute didactic session. During debriefing, video clips of what participants did were shown. Participants completed pre-post evaluation on their pre-experience, usefulness of SBME and as feedback-method, and meeting the objectives of SBME-workshop. Results: Post-test evaluation showed 100% participants reported simulation was very useful compared to 43% in the pre-test. While 83% agreed feedback was better served by video-re-run in post-test compared to 43% in the pre-test. Most expressed that the workshop achieved the desired objectives.Conclusion: The SBME is an effective method to gain medical-procedural experience and is well accepted by the participants. Medical schools should use simulation as an educational tool in order to increase the efficiency of learners.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.195-200
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115
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Haque M, Zulkifli Z, Haque SZ, Kamal ZM, Salam A, Bhagat V, Alattraqchi AG, Rahman NIA. Professionalism perspectives among medical students of a novel medical graduate school in Malaysia. Adv Med Educ Pract 2016; 7:407-22. [PMID: 27524927 PMCID: PMC4966636 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s90737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Defining professionalism in this constantly evolving world is not easy. How do you measure degrees of benevolence and compassion? If it is so obvious to our profession, what professionalism is, then why is it so difficult to teach it to medical students and residents? Today's definition of medical professionalism is evolving - from autonomy to accountability, from expert opinion to evidence-based medicine, and from self-interest to teamwork and shared responsibility. However, medical professionalism is defined as the basis for the trust in the patient-physician relationship, caring and compassion, insight, openness, respect for patient dignity, confidentiality, autonomy, presence, altruism, and those qualities that lead to trust-competence, integrity, honesty, morality, and ethical conduct. The purpose of this study is to explore professionalism in terms of its fundamental elements among medical students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). This was a cross-sectional study carried out on medical students of UniSZA. The study population included preclinical and clinical medical students of UniSZA from Year I to Year V of academic session 2014/2015. The simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data were collected using a validated instrument. The data were then compiled and analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Out of 165 questionnaires distributed randomly among Year I to Year V medical students of UniSZA, 144 returned, giving a response rate of 87%. Among the study participants, 38% (54) and 62% (90) were males and females, respectively. The grand total score was 170.92±19.08. A total of 166.98±20.15 and 173.49±18.09 were the total professionalism score of male and female study participants, respectively, with no statistically significant (P=0.61) differences. This study found almost similar levels of familiarity with all fundamental issues of professionalism with no statistically (P>0.05) significant differences. Medical faculty members should give more effort for the professional development of medical doctor. Henceforth, researchers believe and expect that the country will produce more rational and holistic medical doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defense Health, National Defense University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Zulkifli
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Seraj Zohurul Haque
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Zubair M Kamal
- Sleep Research Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abdus Salam
- Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vidya Bhagat
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Ghazi Alattraqchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Iza A Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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116
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Salam
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
| | - Lucian A Lucia
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States,
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan City 250353, P. R. China
| | - Hasan Jameel
- Department
of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
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Ruslai NH, Salam A. PBL triggers in relation to students' generated learning issues and predetermined faculty objectives: Study in a Malaysian public university. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:324-8. [PMID: 27182232 PMCID: PMC4859015 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.322.9248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Foundational elements of problem based learning (PBL) are triggers, tutors and students. Ineffective triggers are important issues for students' inability to generate appropriate learning issues. The objective of this study was to evaluate PBL triggers and to determine similarities of students' generated learning issues with predetermined faculty objectives. METHODS It was a retrospective study conducted in 2014 analyzing all 24 PBL-triggers used at Centre for Foundation Studies, International Islamic University Malaysia, in four semesters during two consecutive years 2011 and 2012. Triggers were used as textual and illustration format equally in each semester. Total 16 PBL-triggers with highest and lowest achieving similarities of learning issues with predetermined faculty objectives were selected equally from each semester and format. The trigger quality and learning issues related to predetermine faculty objectives were analyzed and presented as mean and percent distribution. RESULTS Mean similarities score of students' generated learning issues were 3.4 over 5 predetermined faculty objectives which was 68%, varied from 58% to 79%. More than 70% similarities were generated from five textual and four illustrated triggers, while <70% similarities observed from four illustrated and three textual triggers. CONCLUSION Whatever the trigger formats in PBL, it is the designing considering influential variables that influence higher outcomes. Triggers should have planned clues that lead students to generate issues correlate with faculty objectives. Educational institution should emphasize on training needs of faculty at regular interval to develop and re-in force teachers' skills in trigger design, thereby to promote a sustainable educational and organizational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hidayati Ruslai
- Nurul Hidayati Ruslai, BSc Hons, MMedEd. Lecturer, Department of Biology, Centre for Foundation Studies, International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM), Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Abdus Salam
- Abdus Salam, MBBS, MPH, PgDipMedEd, MMedEd. Associate Professor, Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, (The National University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jamil A, Muthupalaniappen L, Md Nor N, Siraj HH, Salam A. Identifying the Core Content of a Dermatology Module for Malaysian Medical Undergraduate Curriculum Using a Modified Delphi Method. Malays J Med Sci 2016; 23:78-85. [PMID: 27418873 PMCID: PMC4934722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatology is a minor module in internal medicine undergraduate curriculum. Limited time is allocated for its teaching. Most graduates are inadequately prepared to diagnose and manage skin diseases. We aimed to identify the core content of a more effective dermatology module. METHODS A modified Delphi method was used to reach a consensus. A questionnaire was developed by a selected panel and sent to 20 dermatologists, family physicians and general practitioners (GPs), respectively. They were asked to rate diseases according to importance. The participants then answered the questionnaire again with results of the first round made available to them. The final module content was identified based on the panel's collective opinions. RESULTS Eleven topics had mode and median values of 1 with an agreement level of more than 70%. They were as follows: (1) skin structure and function; (2) infections and infestations; (3) the skin in systemic diseases; (4) dermatology emergencies; (5) drug eruptions; (6) psoriasis; (7) eczema; (8) sexually transmitted infections; (9) leprosy; (10) acne; and (11) clinical skills and diagnostic procedures. A total of 56 diseases were identified as important. CONCLUSION Results of this study reflect the importance of understanding the influence of regional factors on common and important skin diseases. These topics may be used to develop a more effective dermatology module for the Malaysian undergraduate medical curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adawiyah Jamil
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur
| | - Leelavathi Muthupalaniappen
- Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur
| | - Norazirah Md Nor
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur
| | - Harlina Halizah Siraj
- Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur
| | - Abdus Salam
- Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur
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Dadzie O, Salam A. The hair grooming practices of women of African descent in London, United Kingdom: findings of a cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:1021-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O.E. Dadzie
- Departments of Dermatology and Histopathology; The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Uxbridge UK
| | - A. Salam
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College London; London UK
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Salam A, Hamzah JC, Chin TG, Siraj HH, Idrus R, Mohamad N, Raymond AA. Undergraduate Medical Education Research in Malaysia: Time for a Change. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:499-503. [PMID: 26150832 PMCID: PMC4485259 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.313.7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Special Study Module (SSM) is a mandatory research module implemented in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The objective of this paper is to provide a brief overview on the student research activities and to find out the outcome measures in terms of publication. Methods: It was a retrospective study done on SSM research projects at UKM. The SSM research is conducted from beginning of year-4 until 1st seven weeks of year-5. In year-4, students are assigned to a faculty-supervisor in small groups and spend every Thursday afternoon to plan and carry the research. Whole first seven weeks of year-5, students are placed with their supervisor continuously to collect data, do analysis, write report and present in the scientific conference. Outcomes of 5-years SSM research-projects starting from 2008/2009 to 2012/2013 academic session were analyzed. Results: Total 257 projects were completed and presented in annual scientific meetings from which 57 (22.2%) articles were published in peer reviewed journals. Conclusion: Mandatory undergraduate student research project brings an opportunity to develop students’ capacity building from conception to final report writing and thereby narrowing the gap between education and practice. Medical schools should implement research module to bring changes in research and publication culture of undergraduate medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Salam
- Abdus Salam, MBBS; MPH; PgDipMedEd; MMedEd. Associate Professor, Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jemaima Che Hamzah
- Jemaima Che Hamzah, MD; MS Opthal; PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Geok Chin
- Tan Geok Chin, MBBS; MPath; AM; PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Harlina Halizah Siraj
- Harlina Halizah Siraj, MD; MOG. Associate Professor, Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Idrus
- Ruszymah Idrus, MD; PhD. Professor, Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nabishah Mohamad
- Nabishah Mohamad, MD; PhD; PgDipMedEd. Professor of Physiology & Medical Edu and Deputy Dean (Undergraduate Studies and Alumni), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azman Ali Raymond
- Azman Ali Raymond, MBBS Hons.; MMed; MMed; MD; AM; FRCP. Professor of Medicine, Dean, and Director, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dadzie OE, Salam A. Correlates of hair loss in adult women of African descent in London, U.K.: findings of a cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1301-4. [PMID: 25998579 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O E Dadzie
- Departments of Dermatology and Histopathology, The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Pield Heath Road, Uxbridge, UB8 3NN, U.K.
| | - A Salam
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
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Salam A, Mahadevan R, Abdul Rahman A, Abdullah N, Abd Harith AA, Shan CP. Stress among First and Third Year Medical Students at University Kebangsaan Malaysia. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:169-73. [PMID: 25878637 PMCID: PMC4386180 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.311.6473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the stress-prevalence and coping-strategies among University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) medical students. Methods: This was an observational study conducted among 234 UKM first and third year medical students. Standardized questionnaire on stress and coping strategies was used. Stress data was related to subjective experiences on some positive and negative adjectives such as tense, relaxed etc. Positive adjectives were measured by sign “++” and “+” scoring “1” while stress-negative adjectives were measured by sign “?” and “–“ scoring “0”. Forty-eight coping items under task, emotion and avoidance strategies were measured using 5-point Likert-scale. Results: Overall stress-prevalence was 49%. Female and Malay respondents were more stressed. Significant differences of stress-level was observed between Malays and non Malays in first year (p=0.04) and in third year (p=0.01). Most common strategies used to cope stress was task-oriented while emotion oriented was least. Conclusion: Stress-prevalence and stress-level in UKM medical students was high. Most of the respondents coped stress using task-oriented strategies. Stressor and its effective management must be ensured. Educational institutions should act as a creative designer of learning environment to get relieve from educational stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Salam
- Abdus Salam, MBBS; MPH; PgDipMedEd, MMedEd. Associate Professor, Medical Education Department
| | - Raynuha Mahadevan
- Raynuha Mahadevan, BA Hons; MA. Lecturer and Clinical Psychologist, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Amir Abdul Rahman
- Amir Abdul Rahman, Final Year Medical Students, Medical Education Department, Special Study Module Research Group-47, Session 2013/2014
| | - Norsyafiqah Abdullah
- Norsyafiqah Abdullah, Final Year Medical Students, Medical Education Department, Special Study Module Research Group-47, Session 2013/2014
| | - Aimi Aqilah Abd Harith
- Aimi Aqilah Abd Harith, Final Year Medical Students, Medical Education Department, Special Study Module Research Group-47, Session 2013/2014
| | - Chu Pei Shan
- Chu Pei Shan, Final Year Medical Students, Medical Education Department, Special Study Module Research Group-47, Session 2013/2014
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Aryiku SA, Salam A, Dadzie OE, Jablonski NG. Clinical and anthropological perspectives on chemical relaxing of afro-textured hair. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:1689-95. [PMID: 25764359 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The culturally engrained practice of 'relaxing' afro-textured hair has been linked with hair and scalp disorders. Herein, we discuss the evolution of human hair types, focusing in particular on afro-textured hair. We explore the biological features of this hair type, and discuss the different methods employed to straighten afro-textured hair, focusing in particular on chemical straightening. We also examine clinical, anthropological, and psychological issues associated with this latter practice. Examples of common scalp pathologies associated with chronic hair relaxing, such as alopecia, hair breakage, caustic burns and irritant contact dermatitis, are also highlighted. The data presented herein should enable clinicians to engage in culturally appropriate discussions with their patients about issues of appearance and conformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Aryiku
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Salam
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - O E Dadzie
- Departments of Dermatology and Histopathology, The North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - N G Jablonski
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Abstract
http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21553 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.1-2
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Ismail S, Salam A, Alattraqchi AG, Annamalai L, Chockalingam A, Elena WP, Rahman NIA, Abubakar AR, Haque M. Evaluation of doctors' performance as facilitators in basic medical science lecture classes in a new Malaysian medical school. Adv Med Educ Pract 2015; 6:231-7. [PMID: 25878516 PMCID: PMC4388004 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s78441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Didactic lecture is the oldest and most commonly used method of teaching. In addition, it is considered one of the most efficient ways to disseminate theories, ideas, and facts. Many critics feel that lectures are an obsolete method to use when students need to perform hands-on activities, which is an everyday need in the study of medicine. This study evaluates students' perceptions regarding lecture quality in a new medical school. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted of the medical students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. The study population was 468 preclinical medical students from years 1 and 2 of academic year 2012-2013. Data were collected using a validated instrument. There were six different sections of questions using a 5-point Likert scale. The data were then compiled and analyzed, using SPSS version 20. RESULTS The response rate was 73%. Among 341 respondents, 30% were male and 70% were female. Eighty-five percent of respondents agree or strongly agree that the lectures had met the criteria with regard to organization of lecture materials. Similarly, 97% of students agree or strongly agree that lecturers maintained adequate voices and gestures. CONCLUSION Medical students are quite satisfied with the lecture classes and the lectures. However, further research is required to identify student-centered teaching and learning methods to promote active learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwani Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdus Salam
- Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed G Alattraqchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Lakshmi Annamalai
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Annamalai Chockalingam
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Putri Elena
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Iza A Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Mainul Haque
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Mainul Haque, Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Kota, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, Tel +60 9 627 5674, Fax +60 9 627 5639, Email
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Takeichi T, Liu L, Fong K, Ozoemena L, McMillan JR, Salam A, Campbell P, Akiyama M, Mellerio JE, McLean WHI, Simpson MA, McGrath JA. Whole-exome sequencing improves mutation detection in a diagnostic epidermolysis bullosa laboratory. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:94-100. [PMID: 24947307 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subtypes of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) vary significantly in their clinical presentation and prognosis. Establishing an accurate diagnosis is important for genetic counselling and patient management. Current approaches in EB diagnostics involve skin biopsy for immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, and Sanger sequencing of candidate genes. Although informative in most cases, this approach can be expensive and laborious and may fail to identify pathogenic mutations in ~15% of cases. OBJECTIVES Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) technologies offer a fast and efficient complementary diagnostic strategy, but the value of NGS in EB diagnostics has yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to undertake whole-exome sequencing (WES) in nine cases of EB in which established diagnostic methods failed to make a genetic diagnosis. METHODS Whole-exome capture was performed using genomic DNA from each case of EB, followed by massively parallel sequencing. Resulting reads were mapped to the human genome reference hg19. Potentially pathogenic mutations were subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Analysis of WES data disclosed biallelic pathogenic mutations in each case, with all mutations occurring in known EB genes (LAMB3, PLEC, FERMT1 and COL7A1). This study demonstrates that NGS can improve diagnostic sensitivity in EB compared with current laboratory practice. CONCLUSIONS With appropriate diagnostic platforms and bioinformatics support, WES is likely to increase mutation detection in cases of EB and improve EB diagnostic services, although skin biopsy remains an important diagnostic investigation in current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takeichi
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, U.K; Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Salam A, Assaduzzaman M, Hossain MN, Siddiki AKMNA. Water Soluble Ionic Species in the Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matters (PM2.5) in a Southeast Asian Mega City (Dhaka, Bangladesh). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojap.2015.43010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pandey N, Anwer E, Salam A, Pandey S, Gupta S. 3-D medical animation could be helpful tool for integration of medical curriculum. Med Teach 2015; 37:99-100. [PMID: 25052216 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2014.940884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Era's Lucknow Medical College , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh , India
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Salam
- Department of Chemistry; Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem NC USA
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Salam A, Mohamad N, Siraj HH, Kamarudin MA, Yaman MN, Bujang SM. Team-based learning in a medical centre in Malaysia: Perspectives of the faculty. Natl Med J India 2014; 27:350. [PMID: 26133346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Salam
- Department of Medical Education Faculty of Medicine UKM Medical Centre Malaysia,
| | - Nabishah Mohamad
- Department of Medical Education Faculty of Medicine UKM Medical Centre Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Siti Mariam Bujang
- Department of Medical Education Faculty of Medicine UKM Medical Centre Malaysia
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Salam A. Dispersion potential between three-bodies with arbitrary electric multipole polarizabilities: Molecular QED theory. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4862233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Salam A. Higher-order electric multipole contributions to retarded non-additive three-body dispersion interaction energies between atoms: Equilateral triangle and collinear configurations. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:244105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4849757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Aslam
- Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Stott Lane University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - A. Salam
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College London (Guy's Campus); London UK
| | - C. E. M. Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Stott Lane University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - J. A. McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology; King's College London (Guy's Campus); London UK
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Reynolds JM, Hodges DB, Salam A, Shaw ET, Magoon V, Werlang-Perurena AM, Singh HB, Speights VO, Ruud CO, Bhat A. Abstract P1-06-11: Tumor-associated macrophages: CD206 expression and patient outcomes in locally advanced breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p1-06-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The ability of a tumor to recur is related to the complex molecular biology of the tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) account for up to 50% of the cell mass within a breast tumor, and the M2 macrophage phenotype has been reported to have pro-tumor activity. The mannose receptor, CD206, is a transmembrane receptor expressed predominantly in macrophages and shown in mouse studies to promote M2/TAM activity. This study evaluates CD206 expression in the tumor stroma with patient outcomes in locally advanced breast cancer.
Methods
The Scott & White tumor registry was queried for consecutive cases of women diagnosed with stage 3, HER-2 negative breast cancer between January 1999 and December 2006. To meet inclusion criteria, all biopsies must have been performed at S&W and patients must have had at least 5 years of follow up in our system documenting status of cancer (complete remission vs. metastatic recurrence). Archived formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue breast tissue from initial surgical biopsies was obtained from the Scott & White Pathology Department. Sections were cut at 4 microns thick and slides were stained for CD206. Two pathologists without knowledge of the patients’ clinical backgrounds reviewed each slide. The hot spot method was employed at 20x power to identify the 3 spots in tumor stroma that stained most heavily. The number of CD206+ cells in each of 3 hot spots was counted, and the mean number of CD206+ cells per hot spot reported by two independent pathologists was averaged for analysis.
Results
65 patients met inclusion criteria, of these 31 had a recurrence within 5 years of diagnosis. There was no correlation between likelihood of recurrence or overall survival and CD206 expression. In the 31 patients that had a recurrence, a high CD206 count of greater than or equal to 15 was associated with a shorter time to recurrence than a CD206 count of less than 15 (14.8 months vs. 22 months, respectively, p = 0.028). Mean age at diagnosis in the recurrence group was 59.6 vs. 60 years, and 15 (60%) vs. 2(33%) patients were ER positive in the low CD206 (<15) vs. high CD206 ( = >15) groups, respectively.
Conclusion
High expression of CD206 in the tumor stroma was associated with a shorter time to recurrence in patients with stage 3, HER-2 negative breast cancer; however, there were more ER negative tumors in the high CD 206 group. Our research supports in vitro data that high CD206 expression in macrophages may represent a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Future studies focusing on studying CD206 expression in HER-2 positive breast tumors along with histological stratification are needed to confirm this finding.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-06-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Reynolds
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
| | - DB Hodges
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
| | - A Salam
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
| | - ET Shaw
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
| | - V Magoon
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
| | - AM Werlang-Perurena
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
| | - HB Singh
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
| | - VO Speights
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
| | - CO Ruud
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
| | - A Bhat
- Scott & White Healthcare; Texas A&M Graduate Medical Education, Temple, TX; The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX; Odyssey Hospice, Austin, TX
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Salam
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London U.K
| | - O.E. Dadzie
- Research Department of Clinical Physiology; Division of Medicine; Whittington Campus; University College London Medical School; London U.K
- The North West London Hospitals NHS Trust; Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital; Harrow HA1 3UJ U.K
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139
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Salam A, Lucia LA, Jameel H. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of chitosan-complexed starch nanoparticles on the physical properties of recycled paper furnish. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:11029-11037. [PMID: 24080234 DOI: 10.1021/am403261d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the current research were to synthesize and characterize chitosan-complexed starch nanoparticles and examine their effect on the physical performance of recycled pulp, specifically old corrugated containerboard (OCC). This new approach provides a uniquely renewable and useful approach to enhance mechanical properties of pulp while maintaining environmental compatibility, industrial compatibility, and paper qualities. The starch nanoparticles used for the research were prepared from cooked cornstarch gel with ethanol and reacted with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the presence of sodium hypophosphite. Thereupon, the DTPA-modified starch nanoparticles (SNs) were complexed with chitosan as part of a general chemical strategy to improve their incorporation into an OCC matrix and increase interfiber bonding. Spectral characterization of the SNs was done using TGA, DSC, FT-IR, and SEM to analyze their composition and structure. Approximately 2% chitosan-complexed starch nanoparticle derivatives by mass (SNX/C) of OCC-based slurry were thoroughly mixed before manufacturing a two-dimensional sheet for physical testing. The tensile and burst strength of the modified OCC pulp sheet increased 50 and 49%, respectively, albeit having a decreased tear strength compared to the control sample. However, when the OCC pulp sheet was coated with a 1% SNX/C by mass solution, the tensile and burst strength increased 120 and 70%, respectively, while also providing significantly increased gloss, decreased roughness, and tear strength. Because the mechanical properties are the most critical property facing the recyclability of OCCs, the tremendous gains afforded by the starch nanoparticle-DTPA-chitosan proposed give the system enormous potential applicability as a viable dry strength agent for paper substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdus Salam
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, United States
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140
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Abstract
Background: Medical education in Bangladesh is totally controlled by the Government and run a unique undergraduate curriculum throughout the country in both public and private sectors. This paper is aimed to briefly describe the medical education reform in Bangladesh and suggests further assessment changes. The present official form of undergraduate medical curriculum has first evolved in 1988 followed by revision in 2002 and 2012. Assessment and teaching are the two sides of the same coin. Assessment drives learning and learning drives practices. Following the curriculum reform since 2002, the assessment in undergraduate medical education has been greatly changed. There are a lot of in-course formative assessments which include item examination, card final and term final, designed to improve the quality of education. Ten percent marks of summative written examinations derive from formative assessment. Traditional oral examination has been changed to structured form to ensure greater reliability. Even then, teachers are not yet building up to conduct oral examination in such a structured way. Examiners differ in their personality, style and level of experience with variation of questioning and scoring from student to students. Weakness of reliability on oral examination still exists. Students also feel very stressful during the oral examinations. Moreover, to conduct such oral examination, three to four months times per year are lost by the faculties which can be efficiently utilised for teaching and research purposes. Worlds' leading medical schools now-a-days used oral examination only for borderline and distinction students. Bangladesh also must consider oral examination only for borderline and distinction students. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i4.16658 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 04 October 13 Page 357-363
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141
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Salam
- Charing Cross Hospital; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London U.K
| | - O.E. Dadzie
- Department of Dermatology and Histopathology; The North West London Hospitals NHS Trust; Northwick Park Hospital; Watford Road; Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - H. Galadari
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences; United Arab Emirates University; Al Ain United Arab Emirates
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142
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Salam A, Aryiku S, Dadzie O. Hair and scalp disorders in women of African descent: an overview. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169 Suppl 3:19-32. [PMID: 24098898 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Salam
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London U.K
| | - S. Aryiku
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Nottingham U.K
| | - O.E. Dadzie
- Department of Dermatology and Histopathology; The North West London Hospitals NHS Trust; Northwick Park Hospital; Watford Road; Harrow HA1 3UJ U.K
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143
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Rahman MA, Salam MA, Salam A, Roy M, Ara NJ, Alam AMS. Mineral content of different bottled water available in Bangladesh: Assessment of their compliance with current regulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3329/jasbs.v38i1.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nine bottled water brands collected from retail shops and food shops beside the University of Dhaka were analyzed for their major and trace element constituents to ascertain their suitability for human consumption. The results obtained were compared with parametric values (PVs) set by European Community Council Directive 98/83/EC and the guideline values (GVs) recommended by WHO. It was found that the majority of the brands tested were low in mineral contents. Moreover, lower values of hardness, TDS and conductivity than the prescribed limits of WHO showed that water was deficient in essential minerals. Minerals like magnesium, potassium, calcium were present in some cases in such a low concentration that water seemed to be as good as distilled water. In case of heavy metals, only lead and cadmium were found to be below the detection limit (0.001 mg/L) which indicates bottled water brands are better for drinking. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i1.15316 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(1): 7-15, June 2012
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144
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Ara NJ, Hasan MA, Rahman MA, Salam MA, Salam A, Alam AMS. Removal of Remazol Red from Textile Waste Water Using Treated Sawdust - An Effective Way of Effluent Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Activated carbon prepared from sawdust is endeavored as adsorbent for the removal of reactive dye, namely Remazol Red (RR) from aqueous media. The adsorption of RR has been studied onto activated sawdust at various particle size, adsorbent dose, temperature and pH values. The adsorptions of the above mentioned dye were designed for the Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms. Pseudo first and second order kinetic models were used to calculate the amount adsorbed at equilibrium (q<sub>e</sub>). The calculated values of qe for pseudo-second order equation were found to be in good agreement with those of experimental values. The monolayer capacity (qm) for treated sawdust (8.00 mg g1) is greater than commercial charcoal (0.074 mg g1). It is established that treated sawdust has been used as a better adsorbent for the removal of RR as compared to commercial charcoal. This process may eventually be used to get industrial waste free purified water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14501 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 93-98, 2013
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145
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Salam A, Yousuf R, Islam MZ, Yesmin F, Helali AM, Alattraqchi AG, Rao UM, Haque M. Professionalism of future medical professionals in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia. BANGL J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v8i2.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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146
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Salam A, Hosain GM, Narvios A, Sazama K, Lichtiger B. Immediate adverse reactions to platelet transfusions: whole blood derived versus apheresis platelets. Mymensingh Med J 2013; 22:143-147. [PMID: 23416822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The transfusion of whole blood derived platelets (WBDPs) or apheresis platelets (APs) is standard support for cancer patients. However, disputes remain about which type of platelets are ideal in terms of efficacy, cost, and the risk of adverse reactions. This cross sectional study included 141 cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy or hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation and received platelet transfusions at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between 2002 and 2003 were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 141 patients who did not differ significantly in terms of age or sex had a reaction to transfusions (WBDPs, n=123; APs, n=18), for a frequency of 0.66% in patients who received WBDPs and 0.45% in patients who received APs, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.13). More WBDP-related reactions occurred in patients transfused with older platelets (>2 days old) than in patients transfused with fresh platelets, but the difference compared with AP-associated reactions was not statistically significant. However, the rate of reactions to WBDP may increase if WBDPs are stored for a prolonged time (>2 days). Until evidence becomes available that clearly refutes this; the more fresh platelets as possible may be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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147
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Begum BA, Roy K, Islam F, Salam A, Hopke PK. Source Identification of Carbonaceous Aerosols During Winter Months in the Dhaka City. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Air particulate matter samples were collected using Air Metrics samplers from 11 - 17 January and 19 - 27 January, 2012 at Amin Bazar and Farm Gate sites, respectively. The sampling time was from 8 a.m. - 4 p.m. Three samplers were used of which two samplers were for PM2.5 samples, using Teflon and quartz filters and the others for PM10 samples using Teflon filter. Organic and elemental carbons (OC and EC) were measured in PM2.5 samples at both sites. It has been found that the EC concentration at Amin Bazar is higher than in Farm Gate. The contribution of EC may come from diesel, gasoline and coal/wood combustions in the Amin Bazar site. The present OC/EC data were compared with the previous data. It was found that the concentration of EC became higher than those in the previous year. During last couple of years, Government implemented different policies specially in case of motor vehicles to improve the air quality. But due to the use of diesel in quick rental power plants, the air quality start to deteriorate. BC plays an important role to change the climate. Hence, government should think of alternatives to meet the power demand in place of diesel. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12970 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 241-250, 2012
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148
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Akram
- Department of Medical Education; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur
- Allianze University College of Medical Sciences; Penang Malaysia
| | - Abdus Salam
- Department of Medical Education; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ulfat Bashir
- Department of Orthodontics; Islamic International Dental College; Riphah International University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Nooreiny Maarof
- Department of Education; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Subhan M. Meerah
- Department of Education; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
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149
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Akram A, Salam A, Bashir U, Maarof N, Meerah SM. Lesson plan on new method of teeth identification introduced at dental schools in Malaysia and Pakistan. J Dent Educ 2012; 76:1691-1696. [PMID: 23225689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a new tooth notation system designed to be implemented for educational purposes in dental schools in Malaysia and Pakistan for identification of teeth and subsequently dental communication for wellness of dental patients. Its format is constructed as a lesson plan to present an uncomplicated tooth notation system by first letter of each tooth class (I-incisor, C-canine, P-premolar, and M-molar) to describe and communicate dental information. The new system is a promising and potential educational lesson that is innovative in its contents, easily understandable, and usable in dental charting as indicated by the results of a pilot study. However, further studies are required to investigate the strength of this new system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Akram
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaqaab HUKM, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
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150
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Orhan O, King C, Salam A, Mak V. P146 Can Raising the D-Dimer Threshold Safely Reduce the Number of CT Pulmonary Angiograms Performed in Suspected Pulmonary Embolism? Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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