101
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Guo L, Gao R, Xu J, Jin L, Cotrim AP, Yan X, Zheng C, Goldsmith CM, Shan Z, Hai B, Zhou J, Zhang C, Baum BJ, Wang S. AdLTR2EF1α-FGF2-mediated prevention of fractionated irradiation-induced salivary hypofunction in swine. Gene Ther 2014; 21:866-73. [PMID: 25030610 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients frequently experience a loss of salivary function following irradiation (IR) for the treatment of an oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. Herein, we tested if transfer of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) cDNA could limit salivary dysfunction after fractionated IR (7.5 or 9 Gy for 5 consecutive days to one parotid gland) in the miniature pig (minipig). Parotid salivary flow rates steadily decreased by 16 weeks post-IR, whereas blood flow in the targeted parotid gland began to decrease ~3 days after beginning IR. By 2 weeks, post-IR salivary blood flow was reduced by 50%, at which point it remained stable for the remainder of the study. The single preadministration of a hybrid serotype 5 adenoviral vector encoding FGF2 (AdLTR2EF1a-FGF2) resulted in the protection of parotid microvascular endothelial cells from IR damage and significantly limited the decline of parotid salivary flow. Our results suggest that a local treatment directed at protecting salivary gland endothelial cells may be beneficial for patients undergoing IR for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guo
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - R Gao
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Xu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Jin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - A P Cotrim
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - X Yan
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zheng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C M Goldsmith
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Z Shan
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B Hai
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhou
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B J Baum
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Wang
- 1] Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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102
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Middleton S, Pither C, Gao R, Duncan S, Green J, Sharkey L, Chukualim B, Kratzing C, Woodward J, Gabe S, Jamieson N, Butler A. Adult Small Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation: Lessons Through the “Retrospecto-scope” at a Single UK Centre From 1991 to 2013. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:2114-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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103
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Pither C, Green J, Butler A, Chukaulim B, West S, Gao R, Gabe S, Middleton S. Psychiatric Disorders in Patients Undergoing Intestinal Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:2136-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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104
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Gao R, Jiang Y, Jiang L. Multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating based temperature-insensitive optical twist sensor. Opt Express 2014; 22:15697-15709. [PMID: 24977829 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.015697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A compact temperature-insensitive optical fiber twist sensor based on multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. A multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating is fabricated with a multi-period rotation technology. A π/2 and a 3π/2 phase shift is introduced in the helical long period fiber grating by changing the period. The helical pitch can be effectively changed with a different twist rate, which is measured by calculating the wavelength difference between two phase shift peaks. Although the wavelength of the phase shift peak also shifts with a change of the temperature, the wavelength difference between two phase shift peaks is constant due to two fixed phase shifts in the helical long period fiber grating, which is extremely insensitive to temperature change for the multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating. The experimental results show that a sensitivity of up to 1.959 nm/(rad/m) is achieved.
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105
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Wang D, Yang L, Gao R, Zhang X, Tan Y, Wu A, Zhu W, Zhou J, Zou S, Li X, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu T, Xiong Y, Xu J, Chen L, Weng Y, Qi X, Guo J, Li X, Dong J, Huang W, Zhang Y, Dong L, Zhao X, Liu L, Lu J, Lan Y, Wei H, Xin L, Chen Y, Xu C, Chen T, Zhu Y, Jiang T, Feng Z, Yang W, Wang Y, Zhu H, Guan Y, Gao GF, Li D, Han J, Wang S, Wu G, Shu Y. Genetic tuning of the novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus during interspecies transmission, China, 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 24993557 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.25.20836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus causing human infection emerged in February 2013 in China. To elucidate the mechanism of interspecies transmission, we compared the signature amino acids of avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses from human and non-human hosts and analysed the reassortants of 146 influenza A(H7N9) viruses with full genome sequences. We propose a genetic tuning procedure with continuous amino acid substitutions and reassorting that mediates host adaptation and interspecies transmission. When the early influenza A(H7N9) virus, containing ancestor haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes similar to A/Shanghai/05 virus, circulated in waterfowl and transmitted to terrestrial poultry, it acquired an NA stalk deletion at amino acid positions 69 to 73. Then, receptor binding preference was tuned to increase the affinity to human-like receptors through HA G186V and Q226L mutations in terrestrial poultry. Additional mammalian adaptations such as PB2 E627K were selected in humans. The continual reassortation between H7N9 and H9N2 viruses resulted in multiple genotypes for further host adaptation. When we analysed a potential association of mutations and reassortants with clinical outcome, only the PB2 E627K mutation slightly increased the case fatality rate. Genetic tuning may create opportunities for further adaptation of influenza A(H7N9) and its potential to cause a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
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106
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Zhang J, Gao R, Cao P, Yuan W. Additive effects of antiresorptive agents and exercise on lumbar spine bone mineral density in adults with low bone mass: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:1585-94. [PMID: 24566585 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise has been recommended to increase bone mass and prevent osteoporosis. While current treatment of osteoporosis mainly involves the use of antiresorptive agents, it is unclear whether there are any additive effects in improving bone mass when antiresorptive agents and exercise are jointly used. METHODS A structured and comprehensive search of databases was undertaken along with hand searching of key journals and reference lists. The combined interventions of antiresorptive agents and exercise were examined for their additive effects on lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) among adults with low bone mass. Trial quality was assessed using the Jadad quality score. Study outcomes for analysis, absolute change (grams per square centimeter) or relative change (in percent) in BMD, at the lumbar spine were compared by calculating standardized mean difference (SMD) using fixed and random effect models. RESULTS Seven randomized controlled trials (RCT) met the predetermined inclusion criteria. The increase in lumbar spine BMD of the combined-intervention group was significantly greater than that of the antiresorptive agent-alone group (fixed effect model: SMD = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.36, 0.75; overall effect Z-value = 5.51; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses also showed consistent results. Methodological quality of most included studies was scored 3 by the Jadad criterion, and publication bias was slight according to funnel plots. CONCLUSION It was found that combining antiresorptive agents with exercise had additive effects on improving lumbar spine bone mass gains in adults with low bone mass. To verify the additive effects further, more RCTs with longer duration and larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
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107
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Gao R, Du Y, Wang L, Nomura Y, Satar G, Gordon D, Gurevitz M, Goldin AL, Dong K. Sequence variations at I260 and A1731 contribute to persistent currents in Drosophila sodium channels. Neuroscience 2014; 268:297-308. [PMID: 24662849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin-sensitive persistent sodium currents, INaP, that activate at subthreshold voltages, have been detected in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate neurons. These currents are believed to be critical for regulating neuronal excitability. However, the molecular mechanism underlying INaP is controversial. In this study, we identified an INaP with a broad range of voltage dependence, from -60mV to 20mV, in a Drosophila sodium channel variant expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Mutational analysis revealed that two variant-specific amino acid changes, I260T in the S4-S5 linker of domain I (ILS4-S5) and A1731V in the voltage sensor S4 of domain IV (IVS4), contribute to the INaP. I260T is critical for the portion of INaP at hyperpolarized potentials. The T260-mediated INaP is likely the result of window currents flowing in the voltage range where the activation and inactivation curves overlap. A1731V is responsible for impaired inactivation and contributes to the portion of INaP at depolarized potentials. Furthermore, A1731V causes enhanced activity of two site-3 toxins which induce persistent currents by inhibiting the outward movement of IVS4, suggesting that A1731V inhibits the outward movement of IVS4. These results provided molecular evidence for the involvement of distinct mechanisms in the generation of INaP: T260 contributes to INaP via enhancement of the window current, whereas V1731 impairs fast inactivation probably by inhibiting the outward movement of IVS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Department of Entomology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Y Du
- Department of Entomology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - L Wang
- Department of Entomology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Y Nomura
- Department of Entomology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - G Satar
- Department of Entomology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - D Gordon
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Ecology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - M Gurevitz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Ecology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - A L Goldin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - K Dong
- Department of Entomology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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108
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McWilliam CL, Vingilis E, Ward-Griffin C, Higuchi K, Stewart M, Mantler T, Gao R. An evaluation of the effectiveness of engaging Canadian clients as partners in in-home care. Health Soc Care Community 2014; 22:210-224. [PMID: 24313752 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This exploratory quasi-experimental evaluation assessed the effectiveness of the use of a concrete discussion guide to promote organisation-wide application of a partnering approach to engage older home-care clients with chronic disease/disabilities as care partners. A post-test-only design with an independent pre-test sample was used to compare selected outcomes with those of standard in-home care. The theoretically informed discussion guide portrayed how to go about the process of empowering partnering by using language and open-ended conversational leads to construct partnering, partnering effort and health as a resource for everyday living through social interaction. The discussion guide was provided to all providers for use with all clients in one home-care programme in Ontario, Canada and this organisation was compared with a similar but geographically distanced organisation, also in Ontario. Seven hundred and ninety-one randomly selected clients (mean age = 72.5 years) receiving 3+ months of in-home care for chronic conditions/disabilities from the two home-care programmes between September 2007 and May 2010 completed a researcher-administered questionnaire at either baseline, 1 year or 2 years. Instruments included the Client's Partnering Experience, Health-Promoting Partnering Effort, a modified version of Locus of Authority in Decision-Making, the Medical Outcomes Survey Self-Rated Health Scale, Health and Social Services Utilization and a modified Functional Independence Measure. Analysis of covariance revealed that the use of the concrete discussion guide to promote organisation-wide application of a partnering approach achieved significantly greater client partnering experience and health-promoting partnering effort over time than did the usual approach to in-home-care interactions. Using the discussion guide enhanced client/provider partnering, hence, interdependence, contributing positively to promoting clients' health as a resource for everyday living.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L McWilliam
- The Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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109
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonoscopists differ in skill, technique, and attitude in relation to the examination. These differences have a potential impact on the quality of the examination and the risk of complications. This study aimed to document differences in technique between individual colonoscopists and to explore some possible consequences to the patient and the examination. METHODS This prospective, comparative study analyzed 10 individual endoscopists practicing in outpatient endoscopy clinics at a major medical center. Consecutive patients presenting for elective outpatient colonoscopy were included in the study. Examinations were observed, and techniques used during scope insertion and withdrawal were recorded. The type and dose of medication, the pain score recorded by the endoscopy nurses (scale of 1-10), and the incidence of hypotension and hypoxia were noted. RESULTS The study involved 245 patients (129 men and 116 women) with a mean age of 59.5 years. The number of colonoscopies per examiner ranged from 12 to 31, with nine tenths of the examiners performing more than 20 colonoscopies. Completion rates ranged from 82.6 to 100 %; the withdrawal time averages ranged from 3.5 to 21.7 min; and the average number of techniques used ranged from one per four exams to three per exam. The average pain score per endoscopist ranged from 2.1 to 4.3, and the percentage of patients with either hypoxia or hypotension ranged from 11.5 to 85.0 %. A sedation/analgesia product (SAP) was derived by multiplying the mean dose of versed by the mean dose of meperidine. Regression analysis showed significant relationships between the number of techniques used and the levels of pain (R (2) = 0.395) and hypoxia/hypotension (R (2) = 0.513). The findings showed that SAP was significantly associated with hypoxia/hypotension (R (2) = 0.826) but not pain (R (2) = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Use of ancillary techniques for colonoscope insertion minimizes pain, narcotic use, and hypoxia/hypotension. The product of benzodiazepine dose and narcotic dose is a good way of assessing sedative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kravochuck
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Diseases Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA,
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110
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Rutter CS, Sharkey LM, Gao R, Pither C, Ibrahim A, Enoch DA, Butler AJ, Middleton SJ. Occult invasive aspergillosis infection following multivisceral transplantation. IDCases 2014; 1:53-4. [PMID: 26955527 PMCID: PMC4762786 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing multivisceral transplantation are particularly susceptible to post-operative infections due to immunosuppression and the inclusion of bowel in the transplanted graft. These patients typically receive broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal agents as prophylaxis and treatment. However, evidence for this is limited due to the small number of patients undergoing the procedure. We present a case of occult disseminated invasive aspergillosis infection in a patient who underwent multivisceral transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Rutter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - L M Sharkey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - R Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - C Pither
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A Ibrahim
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - D A Enoch
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory (Public Health England), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A J Butler
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - S J Middleton
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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111
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Gao R, Zhang Y, Wen XP, Fu J, Zhang GJ. Chemotherapy with cisplatin or carboplatin in combination with etoposide for small-cell esophageal cancer: a systemic analysis of case series. Dis Esophagus 2013; 27:764-9. [PMID: 24118373 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been the first-choice treatment for small-cell esophageal cancer (SCEC), etoposide plus cisplatin or carboplatin (EP/CP) is the most commonly recommended chemotherapeutical strategy. However, the choice of chemotherapy in treating SCEC has not been validated by studies of large cohorts of cases because of the rarity of the malignancy, and the efficacy superiority of EP/CP over other chemotherapy combinations has not been confirmed. The present case series analysis was conducted to address the above issues. Reported studies of SCEC patients were retrieved. Case series with more than five patients were enrolled. Eight patients treated in our institute were also included as another case series. Data pertaining to clinical stages, treatment regimens, and survival time were collected and analyzed. Altogether, 19 SCEC case series were enrolled, including 164 male and 61 female patients with a median age of 63.5 years. The follow-up time ranged from 0.1 to 221 months (median 12.3 months). The median survival time (MST) was 19 months for limited disease (LD) patients (124 cases) and 9 months for extensive disease (ED) patients (88 cases) (P<0.001). For LD patients, MST was obviously prolonged by chemotherapeutical regimens (20 vs. 10 months, P<0.01), whereas this superiority was not proved in ED patients (10 vs. 10 months, P>0.05). EP/CP did not result in significantly longer MST, compared with that of the cases treated by other chemotherapy combinations (P>0.05, for either LD or ED cases). Chemotherapy prolongs the survival time of the LD SCEC patients, which indicates that chemotherapeutical treatment is effective for SCEC. EP/CP, as commonly recommended multidrug chemotherapy regimen, is not superior to other chemotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
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112
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Lü BB, Li XJ, Sun WW, Li L, Gao R, Zhu Q, Tian SM, Fu MQ, Yu HL, Tang XM, Zhang CL, Dong HS. AtMYB44 regulates resistance to the green peach aphid and diamondback moth by activating EIN2-affected defences in Arabidopsis. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2013; 15:841-50. [PMID: 23656500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently we showed that the transcription activator AtMYB44 regulates expression of EIN2, a gene essential for ethylene signalling and insect resistance, in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). To link the transactivation with insect resistance, we investigated the wild-type and atmyb44 mutant plants, genetically Complemented atmyb44 (Catmyb44) and AtMYB44-Overexpression Transgenic Arabidopsis (MYB44OTA). We found that AtMYB44 played a critical role in Arabidopsis resistance to the phloem-feeding generalist green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and leaf-chewing specialist caterpillar diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). AtMYB44 was required not only for the development of constitutive resistance but also for the induction of resistance by both herbivorous insects. Levels of constitutive and herbivore-induced resistance were consistent with corresponding amounts of the AtMYB44 protein constitutively produced in MYB44OTA and induced by herbivory in Catmyb44. In both cases, AtMYB44 promoted EIN2 expression to a greater extent in MYB44OTA than in Catmyb44. However, AtMYB44-promoted EIN2 expression was arrested with reduced resistance levels in the EIN2-deficient Arabidopsis mutant ein2-1 and the MYB44OTA ein2-1 hybrid. In the different plant genotypes, only MYB44OTA constitutively displayed phloem-based defences, which are specific to phloem-feeding insects, and robust expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates, which are the secondary plant metabolites known as deterrents to generalist herbivores. Phloem-based defences and glucosinolate-related gene expression were not detected in ein2-1 and MYB44OTA ein2-1. These results establish a genetic connection between the regulatory role of AtMYB44 in EIN2 expression and the development of Arabidopsis resistance to insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-B Lü
- State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Ducrocq G, Bhatt DL, Labreuche J, Corbalan R, Porath A, Gao R, Panchenko E, Liau CS, Ikeda Y, Goto S, Amarenco P, Steg PG. Geographic differences in outcomes in outpatients with established atherothrombotic disease: results from the REACH Registry. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013; 21:1509-16. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487313501278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Ducrocq
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; AP-HP, Hopital Bichat - Paris, France; INSERM U-698, France
| | - DL Bhatt
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - J Labreuche
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; AP-HP, Hopital Bichat - Paris, France; INSERM U-698, France
| | - R Corbalan
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - A Porath
- Department of Epidemiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - R Gao
- Cardiovascular Institute & Fuwai Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - E Panchenko
- Cardiology Research Center, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - CS Liau
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Y Ikeda
- Kokura Memorial Hospital, Japan
| | | | - P Amarenco
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; AP-HP, Hopital Bichat - Paris, France; INSERM U-698, France
| | - PG Steg
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; AP-HP, Hopital Bichat - Paris, France; INSERM U-698, France
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114
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Gao R, Jiang Y. Magnetic fluid-filled microhole in the collapsed region of a photonic crystal fiber for the measurement of a magnetic field. Opt Lett 2013; 38:3181-4. [PMID: 24104681 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.003181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A method for measurement of a magnetic field by filling a microhole with magnetic fluid (MF) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is presented and experimentally demonstrated. A microhole is created in the collapsed region between the PCF and the single-mode fiber by using femtosecond laser micromachining, and a PCF-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer is formed. The MF is filled into the microhole. Due to the tunable refractive index property of the MF, the mode field diameter of the propagation light is changed with the external magnetic field, and the magnetic field can be detected by measuring the visibility contrast of the white light interferogram. The experimental results show that sensitivity of up to 0.042 dB/Oe is achieved.
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Tian JJ, Zhang QF, Zhang LL, Gao R, Shen LF, Zhang SG, Qu XH, Cao GZ. Energy materials: core/shell structural photoelectrodes assembled with quantum dots for solar cells. Nano Rev 2013; 4:21080. [PMID: 23766888 PMCID: PMC3681210 DOI: 10.3402/nano.v4i0.21080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Tian
- Advanced Material and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P.R. China ; Department of Materials and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Adinolfi M, Aglieri Rinella G, Albrecht E, Bellunato T, Benson S, Blake T, Blanks C, Brisbane S, Brook NH, Calvi M, Cameron B, Cardinale R, Carson L, Contu A, Coombes M, D’Ambrosio C, Easo S, Egede U, Eisenhardt S, Fanchini E, Fitzpatrick C, Fontanelli F, Forty R, Frei C, Gandini P, Gao R, Garra Tico J, Giachero A, Gibson V, Gotti C, Gregson S, Gys T, Haines SC, Hampson T, Harnew N, Hill D, Hunt P, John M, Jones CR, Johnson D, Kanaya N, Katvars S, Kerzel U, Kim YM, Koblitz S, Kucharczyk M, Lambert D, Main A, Maino M, Malde S, Mangiafave N, Matteuzzi C, Mini’ G, Mollen A, Morant J, Mountain R, Morris JV, Muheim F, Muresan R, Nardulli J, Owen P, Papanestis A, Patel M, Patrick GN, Perego DL, Pessina G, Petrolini A, Piedigrossi D, Plackett R, Playfer S, Powell A, Rademacker JH, Ricciardi S, Rogers GJ, Sail P, Sannino M, Savidge T, Sepp I, Sigurdsson S, Soler FJP, Solomin A, Soomro F, Sparkes A, Spradlin P, Storaci B, Thomas C, Topp-Joergensen S, Torr N, Ullaland O, Vervink K, Voong D, Websdale D, Wilkinson G, Wotton SA, Wyllie K, Xing F, Young R. Performance of the LHCb RICH detector at the LHC. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2013; 73:2431. [PMID: 25814859 PMCID: PMC4371097 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The LHCb experiment has been taking data at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN since the end of 2009. One of its key detector components is the Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) system. This provides charged particle identification over a wide momentum range, from 2-100 GeV/c. The operation and control, software, and online monitoring of the RICH system are described. The particle identification performance is presented, as measured using data from the LHC. Excellent separation of hadronic particle types (π, K, p) is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Adinolfi
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - E. Albrecht
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Benson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T. Blake
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - S. Brisbane
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. H. Brook
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M. Calvi
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - A. Contu
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Coombes
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C. D’Ambrosio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Easo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - U. Egede
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Eisenhardt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E. Fanchini
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - C. Fitzpatrick
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - R. Forty
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Frei
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Gandini
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Garra Tico
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A. Giachero
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - V. Gibson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C. Gotti
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Gregson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Gys
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. C. Haines
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Hampson
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N. Harnew
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Hunt
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. John
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C. R. Jones
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D. Johnson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Kanaya
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Katvars
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - U. Kerzel
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Y. M. Kim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S. Koblitz
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - D. Lambert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Main
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M. Maino
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Malde
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Mangiafave
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - G. Mini’
- Sezione INFN di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - A. Mollen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Morant
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - F. Muheim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R. Muresan
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Nardulli
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - P. Owen
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - M. Patel
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - G. Pessina
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - D. Piedigrossi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Playfer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Powell
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J. H. Rademacker
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - G. J. Rogers
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P. Sail
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - I. Sepp
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Sigurdsson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F. J. P. Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Solomin
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - A. Sparkes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P. Spradlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - B. Storaci
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Thomas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - N. Torr
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - O. Ullaland
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Vervink
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Voong
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - G. Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S. A. Wotton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K. Wyllie
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Xing
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Young
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
A method for measurement of a magnetic field by combining photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and magnetic fluid is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The magnetic fluid is filled into the air holes of the cladding layer in the PCF. Due to the tunable refractive index property of the magnetic fluid, the refractive index difference between the fiber core and cladding layer is changed with the external magnetic field. The magnetic field can be directly detected by measuring the intensity of the transmission light. A series of magnetic fields with different strengths have been measured with the sensor. The experimental results show that a resolution of up to 0.09 Oe is achieved, and a good repetition is demonstrated experimentally. Compared with other expensive methods, the proposed method possesses high sensitivity and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- School of Opto-Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Cikes M, Tong L, Jasaityte R, Hamilton J, Sutherland G, D'hooge J, Yurdakul S, Oner F, Avci BK, Sahin S, Direskeneli H, Aytekin S, Fang F, Chan A, Zhang Q, Sanderson J, Kwong J, Yu C, Zaidi A, Raju H, Ghani S, Gati S, Cox A, Sheikh N, Sharma R, Sharma S, Kutty S, Kottam A, Padiyath A, Gao S, Drvol L, Lof J, Li L, Rangamani S, Danford D, Kuehne T, Rosner A, Avenarius D, Malm S, Iqbal A, Baltabaeva A, Schirmer H, Bijnens B, Myrmel T, Magalhaes A, Silva Marques J, Martins S, Carrilho Ferreira P, Jorge C, Silva D, Placido R, Goncalves S, Almeida A, Nunes Diogo A, Poulidakis E, Aggeli C, Sideris S, Dilaveris P, Gatzoulis K, Felekos I, Koutagiar I, Sfendouraki E, Roussakis G, Stefanadis C, Zhang Q, Sun J, Gao R, Feng Y, Liu X, Sheng W, Liu F, Yu C, Hallioglu O, Citirik D, Buyukakilli B, Ozeren M, Gurgul S, Tasdelen B, Rodriguez Lopez A, Rodriguez Lopez A, Garcia Cuenllas L, Garcia Cuenllas L, Medrano C, Medrano C, Granja S, Granja S, Marin C, Marin C, Maroto E, Maroto E, Alvarez T, Alvarez T, Ballesteros F, Ballesteros F, Camino M, Camino M, Centeno M, Centeno M, Alraies M, Aljaroudi W, Halley C, Rodriguez L, Grimm R, Thomas J, Jaber W, Knight D, Coghlan J, Muthurangu V, Grasso A, Toumpanakis C, Caplin M, Taylor A, Davar J, Mohlkert LA, Halvorsen C, Hallberg J, Sjoberg G, Norman M, Cameli M, Losito M, Lisi M, Natali B, Massoni A, Maccherini M, Chiavarelli M, Massetti M, Mondillo S, Sljivic A, Stojcevski B, Celic V, Pencic B, Majstorovic A, Cosic Z, Backovic S, Ilic-Djordjevic I, Muraru D, Gripari P, Esposito R, Tamborini G, Galderisi M, Ermacora D, Maffessanti F, Santoro C, Pepi M, Badano L, Bombardini T, Cini D, Picano E, Shahgaldi K, Gunyeli E, Sahlen A, Manouras A, Winter R, Banovic M, Vukcevic V, Ostojic M, Markovic Z, Mladenovic A, Trifunovic D, Stojkovic S, Bacic D, Dedovic D, Seferovic P, Huttin O, Coulibaly S, Mercy M, Schwartz J, Zinzius P, Sellal J, Popovic B, Marie P, Juilliere Y, Selton-Suty C, Gurzun MM, Ionescu A, Bahlay B, Jones G, Rimbas R, Enescu O, Mihaila S, Ciobanu A, Vinereanu D, Vlasseros I, Koumoulidis A, Tousoulis D, Veioglanis S, Avgeropoulou A, Katsi V, Stefanadis C, Kallikazaros I, Kiviniemi T, Ylitalo A, Airaksinen K, Lehtinen T, Saraste A, Pietila M, Karjalainen P, Trifunovic D, Ostojic M, Stankovic S, Vujisic-Tesic B, Petrovic M, Banovic M, Boricic M, Draganic G, Petrovic M, Stepanovic J, Kuznetsov V, Yaroslavskaya E, Pushkarev G, Krinochkin D, Zyrianov I, Dekleva M, Stevanovic A, Kleut M, Suzic Lazic J, Markovic Nikolic N, Akhunova S, Saifullina G, Sadykov A, Loudon M, D'arcy J, Arnold L, Reynolds R, Mabbet C, Prendergast B, Dahl J, Videbaek L, Poulsen M, Rudbaek T, Pellikka P, Rasmussen L, Moller J, Lowery C, Frenneaux M, Dawson D, Dwivedi G, Singh S, Rudd A, Mahadevan D, Srinivasan J, Jiminez D, Sahinarslan A, Vecchio F, Maccarthy P, Wendler O, Monaghan M, Harimura Y, Seo Y, Ishizu T, Noguchi Y, Aonuma K, Urdaniz MM, Palomares JFR, Rius JB, Surribas IB, Tura GT, Garcia-Moreno LG, Alujas TG, Masip AE, Mas PT, Dorado DG, Meimoun P, Germain A, Clerc J, Elmkies F, Zemir H, Luycx-Bore A, Nasr GM, Erraki A, Dulgheru R, Magne J, Capoulade R, Elhonsali Z, Pierard LA, Pibarot P, Lancellotti P, Wrideier S, Butz T, Schilling I, Gkiouras G, Sasko B, Van Bracht M, Prull M, Trappe HJ, Castillo Bernal F, Mesa Rubio M, Ruiz Ortiz M, Delgado Ortega M, Morenate Navio M, Baeza Garzon M, Del Pino ML, Toledano Delgado F, Mazuelos F, Suarez de Lezo Herreros de Tejada J, Prinz C, Schumann M, Burghardt A, Seggewiss H, Oldenburg O, Horstkotte D, Faber L, Bistola V, Banner N, Hedger M, Simon A, Rahman Haley S, Baltabaeva A, Adamyan K, Tumasyan LR, Chilingaryan A, Makavos G, Kouris N, Kostopoulos V, Stamatelatou M, Damaskos D, Kartsagoulis E, Olympios C, Sade L, Eroglu S, Bircan A, Pirat B, Sezgin A, Aydinalp A, Muderrisoglu H, Sargento L, Satendra M, Sousa C, Longo S, Lousada N, Dos Reis RP, Kuznetsov V, Krinochkin D, Gapon L, Vershinina A, Shurkevich N, Bessonova M, Yaroslavskaya E, Kolunin G, Sargento L, Satendra M, Sousa C, Lousada N, Dos Reis RP, Azevedo O, Lourenco M, Machado I, Guardado J, Medeiros R, Pereira A, Quelhas I, Lourenco A, Duman D, Sargin F, Kilicaslan B, Inan A, Ozgunes N, Goktas P, Ikonomidis I, Tzortzis S, Paraskevaidis I, Andreadou I, Katseli C, Katsimbri P, Papadakis I, Pavlidis G, Anastasiou-Nana M, Lekakis J, Charalampopoulos A, Howard L, Davies R, Gin-Sing W, Tzoulaki I, Grapsa I, Gibbs J, Dobson RA, Cuthbertson DJ, Burgess M, Lichodziejewska B, Kurnicka K, Goliszek S, Kostrubiec M, Dzikowska-Diduch O, Ciurzynski M, Krupa M, Grudzka K, Palczewski P, Pruszczyk P, Mansencal N, Marcadet D, Montalvan B, Dubourg O, Matveeva N, Nartsissova G, Chernjavskiy A, Eicher JC, Berthier S, Lorcerie B, Philip JL, Wolf JE, Wiesen P, Ledoux D, Massion P, Piret S, Canivet JL, Cusma-Piccione M, Zito C, Imbalzano E, Saitta A, Donato D, Madaffari A, Luzza G, Pipitone V, Tripodi R, Carerj S, Bombardini T, Gherardi S, Arpesella G, Maccherini M, Serra W, Del Bene R, Sicari R, Picano E, Al-Mallah M, Ananthasubramaniam K, Alam M, Chattahi J, Zweig B, Boedeker S, Song T, Khoo J, Davies J, Ang KL, Galinanes M, Chin D, Papamichael ND, Karassavidou D, Mpougialkli M, Antoniou S, Giannitsi S, Chachalos S, Gouva C, Naka K, Katopodis K, Michalis L, Tsang W, Cui V, Ionasec R, Takeuchi M, Houle H, Weinert L, Roberson D, Lang R, Altman M, Aussoleil A, Bergerot C, Sibellas F, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Derumeaux GA, Thibault H, Mohamed A, Omran A, Hussein M, Shahgaldi K, Gunyeli E, Sahlen A, Manouras A, Winter R, Squeri A, Binno S, Ferdenzi E, Reverberi C, Baldelli M, Barbieri A, Iaccarino D, Naldi M, Bosi S, Kalinowski M, Szulik M, Streb W, Stabryla J, Nowak J, Rybus-Kalinowska B, Kukulski T, Kalarus Z, Ouss A, Riezebos R, Nestaas E, Skranes J, Stoylen A, Brunvand L, Fugelseth D, Magalhaes A, Silva Marques J, Martins S, Carrilho Ferreira P, Placido R, Jorge C, Silva D, Goncalves S, Almeida A, Nunes Diogo A, Nagy A, Kovats T, Apor A, Nagy A, Vago H, Toth A, Toth M, Merkely B, Ranjbar S, Karvandi M, Hassantash S, Da Silva SG, Marin C, Rodriguez A, Marcos C, Rodriguez-Ogando A, Maroto E, Medrano C, Del Valle DI, Lopez-Fernandez T, Gemma D, Gomez-Rubin M, De Torres F, Feliu J, Canales M, Buno A, Ramirez E, Lopez-Sendon J, Magalhaes A, Silva Marques J, Martins S, Placido R, Silva D, Jorge C, Calisto C, Goncalves S, Almeida A, Nunes Diogo A, Jorge C, Cortez-Dias N, Goncalves S, Ribeiro S, Santos L, Silva D, Barreiros C, Bernardes A, Carpinteiro L, Sousa J, Kim SH, Choi W, Chidambaram S, Arunkumar R, Venkatesan S, Gnanavelu G, Dhandapani V, Ravi M, Karthikeyan G, Meenakshi K, Muthukumar D, Swaminathan N, Vitarelli A, Barilla F, Capotosto L, Truscelli G, Dettori O, Caranci F, D-Angeli I, De Maio M, De Cicco V, Bruno P, Doesch C, Sueselbeck T, Haghi D, Streitner F, Borggrefe M, Papavassiliu T, Laser K, Schaefer F, Fischer M, Habash S, Degener F, Moysich A, Haas N, Kececioglu D, Burchert W, Koerperich H, Dwivedi G, Al-Shehri H, Dekemp R, Ali I, Alghamdi A, Klein R, Scullion A, Beanlands R, Ruddy T, Chow B, Lipiec P, Szymczyk E, Michalski B, Wozniakowski B, Rotkiewicz A, Stefanczyk L, Szymczyk K, Kasprzak J, Angelov A, Yotov Y, Mircheva L, Kisheva A, Kunchev O, Ikonomidis I, Tsantes A, Triantafyllidi H, Tzortzis S, Dima K, Trivilou P, Papadopoulos C, Travlou A, Anastasiou-Nana M, Lekakis J, Bader R, Agoston-Coldea L, Lupu S, Mocan T, Loegstrup B, Hofsten D, Christophersen T, Moller J, Bjerre M, Flyvbjerg A, Botker H, Egstrup K, Park Y, Choi J, Yun K, Lee S, Han D, Kim J, Kim J, Kim J, Chun K. Poster Session Wednesday 5 December all day Display * Determinants of left ventricular performance. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jes248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The mechanism underlying jaw osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is not fully understood, particularly in the early stages. To investigate bone and vessel pathogenesis in the early stages of jaw ORN, we generated a mandibular ORN model in miniature pigs (minipigs) by applying a combination of single-dose 25-Gy irradiation (IR) and tooth extraction. We studied 6 ORN model minipigs and 6 control, non-irradiated minipigs. We measured dynamic morphological changes, bone-remodeling-associated gene expression, sphingomyelinase activity, and local blood flow. Bone remodeling, including bone resorption and new bone formation, was observed within 15 days post-IR. Later, an ORN-related imbalance in bone metabolism gradually occurred, with loss of bone regeneration capacity, collagen collapse, and microvascular obliteration. Within 24 hrs post-IR, sphingomyelinase significantly increased in irradiated tissues. At 1 wk post-IR, local blood flow increased, but at 15 days post-IR, it significantly decreased to 50% below normal levels. This study provided details of the sequential occurrences in early-stage ORN in a large animal model. Our results suggested that reduced local blood flow and consequent hypovascularity may have caused an imbalance in bone remodeling. This suggested that microvessel damage may play a key role in the initiation of ORN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Xu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Z. Zheng
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - D. Fang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - R. Gao
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Y. Liu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Z.P. Fan
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - C.M. Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - S.L. Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
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Gao R, Yang L, Yuan W, Li T, Fu Q. Overview of polytrauma patients in the first 10 days after the Sichuan earthquake: a report from the No. 903 Military Hospital, Jiangyou. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2012; 38:85-8. [PMID: 26815823 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-012-0182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of traumas, the severity, and mortality of polytrauma patients in a front-line hospital after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. METHODS Patients who had two or more injuries to physical regions or organ systems, where at least one injury or the combination of injuries carried a certain risk of fatal outcome, with Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16, were considered as polytrauma patients and included in this study. Medical records consisting of demographic data, distribution and type of injuries, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of each injury, ISS, surgical procedures, mortality rate, and features of the deaths were collected and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 70 earthquake-related polytrauma patients were treated in our hospital during the first 10 days after the earthquake. The mean ISS of these patients was 26.9, and 77.1% of these patients were critically injured (ISS ≥ 25). Among the 224 injuries, the most common injury site was the extremities (30.8%), 81.2% of which were fractures. A total of 152 surgical procedures were performed on these patients, of which orthopedic procedures accounted for 85.5%. During the first 10 days, 21 patients with significantly higher ISS than the survivors died in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS The mortality rate of the polytrauma patients in this rescue operation was high. The ISS was a feasible tool to estimate the severity of polytrauma patients. Specialists in orthopedics, critical care, and respiratory disorders were in great demand during the management of these patients in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Emergency, The No. 903 Military Hospital, Jiangyou, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Shen H, Bai B, Hou J, Sun Y, Hu Y, Duan Q, Gao R, Zhu H, Kong W, Xu D, Zhao J, Wang H, Mao P. OPV-like poliovirus type 1 detection in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Infection 2012; 40:455-8. [PMID: 22371233 PMCID: PMC7099907 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-012-0244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang GJ, Gao R, Wang JS, Fu JK, Zhang MX, Jin X. Various doses of fractioned irradiation modulates multidrug resistance 1 expression differently through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in esophageal cancer cells. Dis Esophagus 2011; 24:481-8. [PMID: 21309917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2010.01168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of different regimen of radiotherapy on multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) expression and analyze the role hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) played in the whole process. Fifty-four cell lines established from 96 esophageal cancer biopsy samples were given various doses of fractioned irradiation. The mRNA and protein levels of HIF1α and MDR1 post-irradiation were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. HIF1α-siRNA was used to verify the effect of HIF1α on radiation-mediated MDR1 modulation. In esophageal cancer cells surviving 28 Gy irradiation (2 Gy/f, 14 fractions), MDR1 mRNA expression increased 65.27 ± 5.58%, and HIF1α was elevated by 27.21 ± 2.25%. Interestingly, their expression decreased by 54.38 ± 11.53% and 32.08 ± 4.75% after 7 Gy irradiation (0.5 Gy/f, 14 fractions). HIF1α expression showed a positive correlation with MDR1 expression in the whole process (P < 0.05). Silencing of HIF1α decreased MDR1 expression and blocked changes in MDR1 and HIF1α expression induced by fractioned irradiation. These results indicate that MDR1 is differentially modulated by different doses of fractionated radiation, which should be taken into account when combining radiotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-J Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
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Gao R, Wang D, Wen L, Li X, Wang W, Zhao X, Zeng Y, Xin L, Lan Y, Zhang Y, Shu Y. Development of the real-time RT-PCR detection system for determination of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Acta Virol 2011; 55:85-7. [PMID: 21434710 DOI: 10.4149/av_2011_01_85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen WB, Gao R, Su YY, Zhao JW, Zhang YZ, Wang L, Ren Y, Fan CQ. Valproate versus diazepam for generalized convulsive status epilepticus: a pilot study. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:1391-6. [PMID: 21557791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evidence-based data to guide the management of status epilepticus (SE) after failure of primary treatment are still scarce and the alternate needs to be found when phenytoin (PHT) is not available or contraindicated. Comparison of intravenous (IV) valproate (VPA) and diazepam (DZP) infusion has not been conducted in adults with SE. This prospective randomized controlled trial is thus designed to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of IV VPA and continuous DZP infusion as second-line anticonvulsants. METHODS After failure of first-line anticonvulsants treatment, patients with generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) were randomized to receive either IV VPA or continuous DZP infusion. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients with effective control. Side effects were also evaluated. RESULTS There were 66 cases enrolled, with the mean age of 41 ± 21 years. Seizure was controlled in 56% (20/36) of the DZP group and 50% (15/30) of the VPA group (P = 0.652). No patient in the VPA group developed respiratory depression, hypotension, or hepatic dysfunction, whereas in the DZP group, 5.5% required ventilation and 5.5% developed hypotension. Time (hour) for regaining consciousness after control was near-significantly longer in the DZP group [13(3.15-21.5)] than in the VPA group [3(0.75-11)] (P = 0.057). Virus encephalitis and long duration of GCSE were independent risk factors of drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Both IV VPA and continuous DZP infusion are effective second-line anticonvulsants for GCSE. IV VPA was well tolerated and free of respiratory depression and hypotension, which may develop in the DZP group. Outcome parameters were not significantly different between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ranasinghe I, Rong Y, Du X, Wang Y, Gao R, Patel A, Wu Y, Iedema R, Hao Z, Hu D, Turnbull F. System Barriers to the Evidence-Based Care of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Patients in China: A Qualitative Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Turnbull F, Du X, Gao R, Patel A, Wu Y, Lo S, Ranasinghe I. A Hospital Quality Improvement Initiative for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes in China: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gao L, Chen J, Chen J, Yang J, Qiao S, Xu B, Li J, Qin X, Yao M, Wu Y, Yuan J, You S, Chen Y, Dai J, Qian J, Gao R. e0362 Correlation between atherosclerotic plaques morphology and serous hypersensitive C-reactive protein in patients with premature coronary heart disease. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gao R, van Halsema F, Temminghoff E, van Leeuwen H, van Valenberg H, Eisner M, van Boekel M. Modelling ion composition in simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF) II. Influence of pH, ionic strength and polyphosphates. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gao R, Temminghoff E, van Leeuwen H, van Valenberg H, Eisner M, van Boekel M. Simultaneous determination of free calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium ion concentrations in simulated milk ultrafiltrate and reconstituted skim milk using the Donnan Membrane Technique. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sun W, Wang D, Zhai Z, Gao R, Jiao K. Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin immobilized in the sodium alginate and SiO2 nanoparticles bionanocomposite film on a carbon ionic liquid electrode. JICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03245852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liao Z, Gao R, Wang W, Ye Z, Lai XW, Wang XT, Hu LH, Li ZS. A systematic review on endoscopic detection rate, endotherapy, and surgery for pancreas divisum. Endoscopy 2009; 41:439-44. [PMID: 19337962 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The rates for endoscopic detection of pancreas divisum at routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) vary worldwide, and the sample sizes in the reported studies on endoscopy and surgery for pancreas divisum are very small and variable. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the pooled data and determine endoscopic detection rates for pancreas divisum and pain relief rates in patients with pancreas divisum after endotherapy or surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search for published data was performed by using the Medline database (1950 to 1st May 2008) with "pancreas divisum" as the keyword. Publications, mainly on endoscopic detection rate, endotherapy, or surgery for pancreas divisum, were deemed relevant, and were further fully reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 615 abstracts were retrieved from Medline; 17 articles on endoscopic detection rate, 15 articles on endotherapy, and 13 articles on surgery were included in the review and analysis. The overall endoscopic detection rate for pancreas divisum was 2.9% (899/31,413), with the rate being significantly higher in the United States (5.8%) and Europe (6.0%) than in Asia (1.5%) (both P < 0.001). The pooled overall response rates (i. e. complete and partial pain relief rates after treatment) to endotherapy (69.4%, 361/520) and surgery (74.9%, 203/271) were similar (P = 0.106). In addition, there were significant differences in the combined response rates (for endotherapy and for surgery) between patients with pancreas divisum of acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP)-type (81.2 %) compared with chronic pancreatitis-type (68.8%), and between ARP-type and pain-type (53.1%) (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The endoscopic detection rate for pancreas divisum is much higher in western countries than in Asian countries. The pooled response rates of patients with pancreas divisum to endotherapy and surgery are similar in the reported series. Patients with ARP-type pancreas divisum respond better to endotherapy or surgery than those with chronic pancreatitis-type and pain-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liao
- Chronic Pancreatic Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Gao R, Patel A, Gao W, Hu D, Huang D, Kong L, Qi W, Wu Y, Yang Y, Harris P, Algert C, Groenestein P, Turnbull F. Prospective observational study of acute coronary syndromes in China: practice patterns and outcomes. Heart 2007; 94:554-60. [PMID: 17932092 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2007.119750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the investigation and management of patients admitted to hospitals in China with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and to identify potential areas for improvement in practice. DESIGN A multicentre prospective survey of sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, clinical features, in-hospital investigations, treatment practices and major events among patients with suspected ACS. SETTING Large urban public hospitals. PATIENTS Consecutive patients admitted to in-patient facilities with a diagnosis of suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angina pectoris. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Myocardial infarction/re-infarction, heart failure, death. RESULTS Between September 2004 and May 2005, data were collected prospectively from 2973 patients admitted to 51 hospitals in 18 provinces of China. An initial diagnosis of ST elevation MI, non-ST elevation MI and unstable angina was made in 43%, 11% and 46% of patients, respectively. Diagnosis was inconsistent with objective measures in up to 20% of cases. At both tertiary and non-tertiary centres, there was little evidence that clinical risk stratification was used to determine the intensity of investigation and management. The mortality rate during hospitalisation was 5% overall and similar in tertiary and non-tertiary centres, but reported in-hospital re-infarction rates (8%) and heart failure rates (16%) were substantially higher at non-tertiary centres. CONCLUSION This study has identified a number of areas in the management of ACS patients, including diagnosis and risk stratification, which deviate from current guidelines. These findings will help inform the introduction of widely used quality improvement initiatives such as clinical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- FuWai Heart Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gatto EM, Gao R, White MC, Uribe Roca MC, Etcheverry JL, Persi G, Poderoso JJ, Ashizawa T. Ethnic origin and extrapyramidal signs in an Argentinean spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 family. Neurology 2007; 69:216-8. [PMID: 17620556 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000265596.72492.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E M Gatto
- Department of Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Bumald spirea (Spiarea bumalda Burv.) is an important ornamental tree widely grown in northern China. In August of 2006, spirea plants exhibiting symptoms of witches'-broom, stunting, yellowing, and shoot dieback were found at an incidence of 5 to 15% in Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, China. Total DNA was extracted separately from 0.1 g of phloem tissue from leaf midribs and stems of six symptomatic and six asymptomatic plants with a modified cetyltriethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method (3). Resulting DNA samples were analyzed for phytoplasma DNA by a nested PCR assay using phytoplasma universal 16S rDNA gene primer pairs R16mF2/R16mR1 and R16F2n/R16R2 (2). These primers amplified 1.5- and 1.2-kb products, respectively, from DNA of all symptomatic plants only. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 1.2-kb 16S rDNA product using enzymes AluI, MseI, and HhaI indicated that all symptomatic plants contained a group 16SrI (aster yellows group) subgroup B (16SrI-B) phytoplasma strain (4). A 16S rDNA sequence derived from this strain (GenBank Accession No. EF176608) was most similar (99.8 and 99.6%) to those of severe aster yellows (GenBank Accession No. M86340) and Maryland aster yellows (GenBank Accession No. AF322644) phytoplasmas, respectively, thereby confirming strain identity based on RFLP analysis. A phytoplasma (Spiarea stunt phytoplasma, GenBank Accession No. AF190228), which belongs to X-disease group (16SrIII), was reported to infect spirea and probably be lethal to S. tomentosa in New York (1,4). The phytoplasma reported here shared low identity (90.8%) with Spiarea stunt phytoplasma, but also caused dieback of spirea shoots. The epidemiology and economic impact of this disease need further intensive investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of spirea witches'-broom disease and of its association with a subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasma in China. References: (1) H. M. Griffiths et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 16:255, 1994. (2) D. E. Gundersen and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) Y. Qi et al. Biotechnol. Bull. 4:44, 2004. (4) The IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team-Phytoplasma Taxonomy Group. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 54:1243, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - X D Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - X P Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - G Z Tian
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Gao R, Ustinov J, Korsgren O, Otonkoski T. Effects of immunosuppressive drugs on in vitro neogenesis of human islets: mycophenolate mofetil inhibits the proliferation of ductal cells. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:1021-6. [PMID: 17391142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Assuming that neogenesis contributes to long-term function of islet grafts, it is important to study the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on precursor cell proliferation and differentiation. We examined the effects of low-dose immunosuppressive drugs on these processes in vitro. Immunosuppressive drugs, including sirolimus, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), daclizumab and their combinations were tested in parallel culture wells through either the expansion phase (5-7 days) or the entire culture period (4-5 weeks). MMF, alone or in combination with sirolimus or tacrolimus, severely hampered duct-cell proliferation by 8-fold during the expansion period, and significantly reduced the total DNA content by about 40% after 5-week culture. After 4-5 week exposure to different drugs, only sirolimus and daclizumab showed no adverse effects on insulin content, whereas significant reductions of 30-60% in insulin content were seen in all other experimental groups. Only tacrolimus decreased the insulin content per DNA, as well as the proportion of insulin-positive cells. In conclusion, MMF has a potent inhibitory effect on neogenesis primarily through an antiproliferative effect on the precursors, whereas tacrolimus mainly affects beta-cell differentiation. Sirolimus and daclizumab have no adverse effects on these parameters. The immunosuppressive protocol may be an important determinant of long-term clinical islet graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Program of Developmental and Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy Center, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Teng D, Lu Y, Gao R, Xin Y, Cao G, Li X, Wang L, Wang J, Wang L, Li Y. Conversion from cyclosporine to mycophenolate mofetil improves expression of A20 in the rat kidney allografts undergoing chronic rejection. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2164-7. [PMID: 16980032 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cytoprotective genes have shown to display potent anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic functions in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We investigated whether cytoprotective genes, especially A20, were involved in mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)'s ability to ameliorate transplant arteriosclerosis in an experimental chronic rejection model. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rat renal grafts were orthotopically transplanted into Wistar rats following the procedure of Kamada with our modification. The recipients were divided into three oral treatment groups: (1) vehicle group (cyclosporine [CsA] 10 mg/kg.d x 10 d followed by vehicle), (2) CsA group (CsA 10 mg/kg.d x 10 d followed by CsA 6 mg/kg.d), (3) MMF group (converted from CsA 10 mg/kg.d x 10 d to MMF 20 mg/kg.d on day 11). At the same time points after transplantation, the rats were sacrificed to harvest the renal allografts. The expression of four cytoprotective genes, A20, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL, was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The four-cytoprotective genes were all detected in rat kidney allografts undergoing chronic allograft nephropathy. The expression of A20 in grafted kidneys was significantly higher in the MMF than in the CsA or the vehicle group (P < .01). There was no significant difference between the CsA and the MMF groups in the expression of HO-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that MMF improved the expression of A20 in rat kidney allografts undergoing chronic allograft nephropathy. The correlation between MMF and A20 provide an explanation for the mechanism by which MMF ameliorates transplant arteriosclerosis in an experimental animal model of chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Teng
- Transplantation Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Gao R, Lu Y, Xin YP, Zhang XH, Wang J, Li YP. The effects of different immunosuppressants on chronic allograft nephropathy by affecting the transforming growth factor-beta and Smads signal pathways. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2154-7. [PMID: 16980029 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of various immunosuppressants on chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) by affecting transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and Smads signal pathway. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VMSC) from rat aorta were incubated for 6 or 12 hours with various immunosuppressants. Cyclosporine (CsA) (3 microg/mL), FK506 (1 microg/mL), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (0.3 microg/mL), rapamycine (Rapa) (10 microg/mL), CsA (1 microg/mL/MMF 0.3 microg/mL). We used the Sprague-Dawley Wistar rat accelerated kidney sclerosis model. Before transplantation, the kidney was preserved 1 hour in 0 degrees C to 4 degrees C heparin sodium chloride solution to reinforce the cold ischemia injury. The rats were divided into eight groups (each group n = 8): group A, pseudo-OP; group B, isotransplantation; group C, CsA 6 mg/kg . d; group D, FK506 0.15 mg/kg . d; group E, MMF 20 mg/kg . d; group F, Rapa 0.8 mg/kg. d; group G, CsA 3 mg/kg . d + MMF 20 mg/kg . d. The serum creatinine levels and pathological changes, according to the Banff scheme, were observed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks posttransplantation. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reactions were used to end localize and quantitate the expression of TGF-beta1 and Smad 2, 3, 7 in VMSC and in the transplanted kidney. RESULTS CsA and FK506 stimulated gene expression and protein production of TGF-beta1, smad2, and smad3, but inhibited expression of smad7 both in VSMC and in the transplanted kidney. In contrast, MMF and Rapa down-regulated gene expression and protein production of TGF-beta1, smad2, 3 while up-regulating expression of smad7. There was no significant difference between the CsA group and the FK506 group, as well as the MMF group and the Rapa group. The group treated with CsA + MMF was similar to the MMF and the Rapa groups. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that various immunosuppressants affected differentially TGF-beta1 and Smads signal pathways in rat VSMC and kidney grafts. CsA and FK506 can cause CAN, owing to up-regulated expression of smad2 and smad3, and down-regulation of smad7 expression. MMF and Rapa can prevent the CAN progression, because of down-regulation of the expression of smad2 and smad3, with increased smad7 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Transplantation Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, China 610041
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Cao G, Lu Y, Gao R, Xin Y, Teng D, Wang J, Li Y. Expression of fractalkine, CX3CR1, and vascular endothelial growth factor in human chronic renal allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:1998-2000. [PMID: 16979977 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Fractalkine/CX3CR1 system may contribute to the pathogenesis of renal allograft chronic rejection (CR). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial mitogen, which shows increased expression in inflammation and vasculopathy. This study sought describe the expression and distribution of Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and VEGF, and their relationship to human renal allograft CR. METHODS Renal tissue from 10 patients with CR was examined for Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and VEGF protein by immunohistochemistry for comparison with patients displaying hyperacute rejection (n = 10), acute rejection (n = 10), and normal kidneys (n = 10). All patients were selected based upon histologically proven diagnoses between 1992 and 2003. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that Fractalkine/CX3CR1 were mostly expressed in the tubulointerstitium and tubular epithelial cell basolateral membrane. Some vessels showed positive staining for Fractalkine/CX3CR1 as well as occasionally glomerular parietal wall cells. Among the CR group, VEGF was mostly expressed in tubular epithelium and the tubulointerstitium. A proportion of glomeruli and vessels had positive staining for VEGF, which was up-regulated most strikingly in the interstitial compartment in CR. There was markedly increased expression of Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and VEGF protein in the interstitium of the CR compared with other groups (P < .05). VEGF colocalized with the expression of Fractalkine/CX3CR1. CONCLUSION Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and VEGF may play an important role in the development of interstitial fibrosis via mononuclear cell-induced cytokine production and myofibroblast stimulation in CR. Further studies are necessary to identify the role in the pathogenesis of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cao
- Transplantation Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu/Sichuan, China 610041
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Cao G, Lu Y, Gao R, Xin Y, Teng D, Wang J, Wang L, Li Y. Comparison of cyclosporine versus mycophenolate mofetil on expression of Fractalkine and CX3CR1 in chronic allograft nephropathy. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2234-6. [PMID: 16980051 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to investigate whether there was a difference between cyclosporine (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to affect the expression of Fractalkine/CX3CR1 in chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). METHODS The Sprague-Dawley Wistar rat accelerated kidney sclerosis model was performed as modified from the procedure of Kamada. Recipients were divided into three oral treatment groups (each group n = 8): group A was CsA 10 mg/kg . d for 10 days followed by vehicle; group B was CsA 10 mg/kg . d for 10 days followed by CsA 6 mg/kg.d; group C was CsA 10 mg/kg . d for 10 days followed by MMF 20 mg/kg . d. Pathological changes graded according to Banff 97 Standards were observed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks posttransplantation. The immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to assess the distribution and expression of Fractalkine/CX3CR1 in the grafted kidney. RESULTS Fractalkine/CX3CR1 were mostly expressed in the tubulointerstitium and tubular epithelial cell basolateral membrane. A proportion of the vessel showed positive staining for Fractalkine/CX3CR1, occasionally in glomerular parietal wall cells. The expression of Fractalkine/CX3CR1 in grafted kidneys at all the time points was significantly less in the MMF than in the CsA group or the control group (P < .05). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed similar outcomes as immunohistochemistry. The expression of Fractalkine coincided with CX3CR1. CONCLUSION Fractalkine/CX3CR1 may play an important role in the development of interstitial fibrosis in CAN. Different immunosuppressants have various effects on expression of the Fractalkine/CX3CR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cao
- Transplantation Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Teng D, Lu Y, Gao R, Xin Y, Cao G, Li X, Wang L, Wang J, Li Y. Comparison of rapamycin versus FK506 on expression of cytoprotective genes in the rat kidney allografts undergoing chronic allograft nephropathy. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2172-5. [PMID: 16980034 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It is increasingly recognized that expression of cytoprotective genes in grafts can affect the progress of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Little is known about the influence of different immunosuppressive regimens on expression of cytoprotective genes in allografts undergoing CAN. We investigate whether there is difference between rapamycin (Rapa) and FK506 in the expression of cytoprotective genes in rat kidney allografts undergoing CAN. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rat renal grafts were orthotopically transplanted into Wistar rats following the procedure of Kamada with our modification. The recipients were divided into three oral treatment groups: group 1: vehicle group (cyclosporine [CsA] 10 mg/kg.dx 10 days followed by vehicle); group 2: Rapa group (CsA 10 mg/kg.d x 10 d followed by Rapa 0.8 mg/kg.d); group 3: FK506 group (CsA 10 mg/kg.d x 10 d followed by FK506 0.15 mg/kg.d). At the same times after transplantation, the rats were sacrificed to harvest the renal allografts. The expression of four cytoprotective genes, A20, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-X/L were analyzed in these grafted kidneys by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Four cytoprotective genes were all detected in rat kidney allografts undergoing CAN. The expression of A20 in the Rapa group was significantly higher than that in the FK506 or the vehicle group (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the Rapa group and FK506 group in the expressions of HO-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-X/L. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that various immunosuppressive agents have different effects on the expression of cytoprotective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Teng
- Transplantation Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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Wakamiya M, Matsuura T, Liu Y, Schuster GC, Gao R, Xu W, Sarkar PS, Lin X, Ashizawa T. The role of ataxin 10 in the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 10. Neurology 2006; 67:607-13. [PMID: 16924013 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000231140.26253.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and seizures. SCA10 is caused by an expansion of an ATTCT pentanucleotide repeat in intron 9 of the ataxin 10 (ATXN10) gene encoding an approximately 55-kd protein of unknown function. However, how this mutation leads to SCA10 is unknown. METHODS In an effort to understand the pathogenic mechanism of SCA10, the authors conducted a series of experiments to address the effect of repeat expansion on the transcription and RNA processing of the ATXN10 gene. In addition, we generated Sca10 (mouse ataxin 10 homolog)-null mice and addressed the role of Sca10 gene dosage on the cerebellum. RESULTS Mutant ATXN10 allele is transcribed at the normal level, and the pre-mRNA containing an expanded repeat is processed normally in patient-derived cells. Sca10-null mice exhibited embryonic lethality. Heterozygous mutants were overtly normal and did not develop SCA10 phenotype CONCLUSION A simple gain of function or loss of function of ATXN10 is unlikely to be the major pathogenic mechanism contributing to the spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wakamiya
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0539, USA
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Gao R, Brigstock DR. A novel integrin alpha5beta1 binding domain in module 4 of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) promotes adhesion and migration of activated pancreatic stellate cells. Gut 2006; 55:856-62. [PMID: 16361307 PMCID: PMC1856205 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.079178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) is upregulated in pancreatic fibrosis and desmoplastic pancreatic tumours. CCN2 interacts with integrin alpha5beta1 on pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) in which it stimulates fibrogenesis, adhesion, migration, and proliferation. AIM To determine the structural domain(s) in CCN2 that interact with integrin alpha5beta1 to regulation PSC functions. METHODS Primary activated rat PSC were tested for their adherence to isoforms of CCN2 comprising modules 1-4 (CCN2(1-4)), modules 3-4 (CCN2(3-4)), module 3 alone (CCN2(3)), or module 4 alone (CCN2(4)). Adhesion studies were performed in the presence of EDTA, divalent cations, anti-integrin alpha5beta1 antibodies, CCN2 synthetic peptides, or heparin, or after pretreatment of the cells with heparinase, chondroitinase, or sodium chlorate. CCN2 integrin alpha5beta1 binding was analysed in cell free systems. The ability of CCN2(1-4), CCN2(3-4), or CCN2(4) to stimulate PSC migration was evaluated in the presence of anti-integrin alpha5beta1 or heparin. RESULTS PSC adhesion was stimulated by CCN2(1-4), CCN2(3-4), or CCN2(4) and supported by Mg2+ but not Ca2+. CCN2(4) supported PSC adhesion or migration were blocked by anti-integrin alpha5beta1 antibodies or by treatment of cells with heparinase or sodium chlorate. A direct interaction between CCN2(4) and integrin alpha5beta1 was demonstrated in cell free assays. The sequence GVCTDGR in module 4 mediated the binding between CCN2(4) and integrin alpha5beta1 as well as CCN2(4) mediated PSC adhesion and migration. CONCLUSIONS A GVCTDGR sequence in module 4 of CCN2 is a novel integrin alpha5beta1 binding site that is essential for CCN2 stimulated functions in PSC and which represents a new therapeutic target in PSC mediated fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Center for Cell and Vascular Biology, Children's Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Teive HAG, Roa BB, Raskin S, Fang P, Arruda WO, Neto YC, Gao R, Werneck LC, Ashizawa T. Clinical phenotype of Brazilian families with spinocerebellar ataxia 10. Neurology 2006; 63:1509-12. [PMID: 15505178 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000142109.62056.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal dominant ataxia caused by an ATTCT repeat expansion in an intron of the SCA10 gene. SCA10 has been reported only in Mexican families, in which the disease showed a combination of cerebellar ataxia and epilepsy. The authors report 28 SCA10 patients from five new Brazilian families. All 28 patients showed cerebellar ataxia without epilepsy, suggesting that the phenotypic expression of the SCA10 mutation differs between Brazilian and Mexican families.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A G Teive
- Neurology Service, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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148
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Gao R, Ustinov J, Korsgren O, Otonkoski T. In vitro neogenesis of human islets reflects the plasticity of differentiated human pancreatic cells. Diabetologia 2005; 48:2296-304. [PMID: 16193291 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The neogenesis of islets from cultured human adult pancreatic tissue has been reported. The islet progenitors have been thought to be ductal cells. Since previous experiments have been 'contaminated' by a number of pre-existing islet cells, we examined their involvement in islet cell neogenesis. METHODS Fresh human pancreatic cells with different purities of islet cells were grown in monolayer culture and labelled with bromodeoxyuridine. Transitional cells were analysed by double immunofluorescence staining. For purified ductal cell culture, pre-existing islets were eliminated on a magnetic cell separation system. RESULTS We confirmed that less than 1% of the endocrine cells proliferated, mainly during the first 48 h of culture. However, a 10-fold larger proportion of the cells acquired a transitional phenotype by starting to coexpress the ductal marker cytokeratin 19 (CK19). These cells represented more than 10% of all endocrine cells after 1 day in culture, and 6% at 5 days of culture. Using magnetic cell sorting, we eliminated cells expressing neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), after which we obtained 99.7% pure non-endocrine CK19-rich cell populations. These cell populations could be expanded in vitro. However, their endocrine differentiation capacity was severely reduced as compared with the original mixed cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that islet neogenesis in this culture system at least partly represents the de-differentiation of islet cells into a duct-cell-like phenotype, with further re-differentiation in appropriate conditions. The plasticity of differentiated human pancreatic cell types may thus be an important mechanism of human pancreas regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gao
- Program of Developmental and Reproductive Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
Organization of the IGHV genes (n=108) on single human chromosomes has been determined by detecting these sequences in single sperm using multiplex PCR amplification followed by microarray detection. A total of 374 single sperm samples from five Caucasian males were studied. Three deletion/insertion polymorphisms (Del I-Del III) with deletion allele frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 were identified. Del I is a previously reported polymorphism affecting three IGHV genes (IGHV1-8, IGHV3-9, and IGHV2-10). Del II affects a region 2-18 kb containing two pseudogenes IGHV(II)-28.1 and IGHV3-29, and Del III spans approximately 21-53 kb involving genes IGHV4-39, IGHV7-40, IGHV(II)-40-1, and IGHV3-41. Deletion alleles of both Dels II and III were found in a heterozygous state, and therefore, could not be easily detected if haploid samples were not used in the study. Results of the present study indicate that deletions/insertions together with other possible chromosomal rearrangements may play an important role in forming the genetic structure of the IGHV region, and may significantly contribute to antibody diversity. Since these three polymorphisms are located within or next to the 3' half of the IGHV region, they may have an important role in the expressed IGHV gene repertoire during immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-O Chimge
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Gao R, Lu Y, Xin YP, Zhang XH, Wang J. THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IMMUNOSUPPRESANTS ON CAN BY AFFECTING THE TGF-β AND SMADS SIGNAL PATHWAY. Transplantation 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200407271-01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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