101
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Hagel AF, de Rossi T, Konturek PC, Albrecht H, Walker S, Hahn EG, Raithel M. Plasma histamine and tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis at various stages of disease. J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 66:549-556. [PMID: 26348079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells secrete numerous mediators and this study investigated plasma levels of histamine, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Plasma levels of histamine were determined in 68 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 22 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 13 controls. TNF-α levels were assessed in 29 CD patients, 11 UC patients, and in 11 controls. Plasma histamine levels in the control group were 0.25 ng (0.14 - 0.33) and showed no difference to CD (0.19 ng, 0.09 - 0.35) or UC (0.23 ng, 0.11 - 0.60). Significantly lower histamine levels were only found in CD patients on 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment (P ≤ 0.04). Plasma TNF-α levels in the control group were significantly lower 0.44 ml/m(2) (0 - 1.15) than in CD patients (4.62 ml/m(2), 1.82 - 9.22, P = 0.005) or UC (3.14 ml/m(2); 0.08 - 11.34, P = 0.01). In CD disease activity, fistula, and extraintestinal manifestations (EM) were associated with significantly higher plasma TNF-α values, but not the type of treatment. We concluded that in contrast to TNF-α, histamine levels were normal in CD and UC. There is no correlation with histamine and thus the proportion of TNF-α secreted from mast cells in the plasma in patients with IBD is less important.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Hagel
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Erlangen, Germany.
| | - T de Rossi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - P C Konturek
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Albrecht
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Walker
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - E G Hahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Raithel
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Erlangen, Germany
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102
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Esquivel C, Patton L, Walker S, Lawson S. SU-E-T-106: An Institutional Review of Using Commercially Available Software to Evaluate Treatment Plan Quality for Various Treatment Sites and Beam Deliveries. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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103
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Gerdts V, Wilson HL, Meurens F, van Drunen Littel - van den Hurk S, Wilson D, Walker S, Wheler C, Townsend H, Potter AA. Large Animal Models for Vaccine Development and Testing. ILAR J 2015; 56:53-62. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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104
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Kaufmann A, Butcher P, Maden K, Walker S, Widmer M. Determination of nitrofuran and chloramphenicol residues by high resolution mass spectrometry versus tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 862:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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105
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Hui B, Fairley CK, Chen M, Grulich A, Hocking J, Prestage G, Walker S, Law M, Regan D. Oral and anal sex are key to sustaining gonorrhoea at endemic levels in MSM populations: a mathematical model. Sex Transm Infect 2015; 91:365-9. [PMID: 25596192 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite early treatment of urethral infection, gonorrhoea is endemic in urban populations of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Australia. By contrast, gonorrhoea is not common in urban heterosexual populations. Sexual activities among MSM usually involve anal or oral sex, and as these behaviours are becoming increasingly common among heterosexuals, there is a need to investigate their roles in transmission of gonorrhoea. METHODS We developed individual-based models of transmission of gonorrhoea in MSM and heterosexuals that incorporate anatomical site-specific transmission of gonorrhoea. We estimated the probabilities of transmission for anal sex and oral sex by calibrating an MSM model against prevalence of gonorrhoea and sexual activity data. These probabilities were then applied to a heterosexual model in order to examine whether gonorrhoea can persist in a heterosexual population through the addition of anal sex and oral sex. RESULTS In the MSM model, gonorrhoea can persist despite prompt treatment of urethral infections. The probability of gonorrhoea persisting is reduced if use of condom for oral sex is increased to more than 15% of acts. Assuming that treatment of symptomatic infections is prompt, gonorrhoea is unlikely to persist in a heterosexual population even with the addition of anal and oral sex. CONCLUSIONS Our models suggest that oral sex has an important role in sustaining gonorrhoea in a population of MSM by providing a pool of untreated asymptomatic infection. The importance of anal sex or oral sex in sustaining gonorrhoea in a heterosexual population remains uncertain due to the lack of information linking different types of sex acts and transmissibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hui
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - C K Fairley
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Chen
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Grulich
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Hocking
- Centre for Women's Health, Gender and Society, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Prestage
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Walker
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Law
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Regan
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
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106
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Hui L, Teoh M, da Silva Costa F, Ramsay P, Palma-Dias R, Richmond Z, Piessens S, Walker S. Clinical implementation of cell-free DNA-based aneuploidy screening: perspectives from a national audit. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 45:10-15. [PMID: 25323392 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Hui
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, The Mercy Hospital for Women, 163 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Public Health Genetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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107
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Sykes AP, O'Connor-Semmes R, Dobbins R, Dorey DJ, Lorimer JD, Walker S, Wilkison WO, Kler L. Randomized trial showing efficacy and safety of twice-daily remogliflozin etabonate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:94-7. [PMID: 25223369 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We compared the efficacy of twice-daily doses of remogliflozin etabonate (RE) and once-daily pioglitazone with placebo for reduction in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration. In this 12-week, double-blind, randomized, active- and placebo-controlled trial, 336 treatment-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes and an HbA1c of 7.0-9.5% (53-80 mmol/mol) were randomized to RE (50, 100, 250, 500 or 1000 mg twice daily), matching placebo or 30 mg pioglitazone once daily. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline. Other endpoints included changes in body weight, lipid levels, safety and tolerability. RE produced a decreasing dose response in HbA1c at week 12 (p < 0.001), with reductions in HbA1c versus placebo ranging from 0.64 to 1.07% (p < 0.001). Statistically significant reductions in body weight for RE compared with placebo were also observed. Twice-daily RE resulted in a dose-ordered improvement in glycaemic control and was generally well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Sykes
- Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK
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108
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Sykes AP, Kemp GL, Dobbins R, O'Connor-Semmes R, Almond SR, Wilkison WO, Walker S, Kler L. Randomized efficacy and safety trial of once-daily remogliflozin etabonate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:98-101. [PMID: 25238025 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor remogliflozin etabonate (RE) was evaluated in a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group study. A total of 252 newly diagnosed and drug-naïve people with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations of 7.0-≤9.5% (53-80 mmol/mol) were recruited. Participants were randomized to RE (100, 250, 500 or 1000 mg once daily or 250 mg twice daily), placebo or 30 mg pioglitazone once daily. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c concentration from baseline. Secondary endpoints included changes in fasting plasma glucose, body weight and lipid profiles, safety and tolerability. We observed a statistically significant trend in the RE dose-response relationship for change from baseline in HbA1c at week 12 (p < 0.047). RE was generally well tolerated and no effects on LDL cholesterol were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Sykes
- Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK
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109
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Kaufmann A, Butcher P, Maden K, Walker S, Widmer M. Reliability of veterinary drug residue confirmation: high resolution mass spectrometry versus tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 856:54-67. [PMID: 25542358 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Confirmation of suspected residues has been a long time domain of tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ). The currently most widely used confirmation strategy relies on the use of two selected reaction monitoring signals (SRM). The details of this confirmation procedure are described in detail in the Commission Decision 93/256/EC (CD). On the other hand, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is nowadays increasingly used for trace analysis. Yet its utility for confirmatory purposes has not been well explored and utilized, since established confirmation strategies like the CD do not yet include rules for modern HRMS technologies. It is the focus of this paper to evaluate the likelihood of false positive and false negative confirmation results, when using a variety of HRMS based measurement modes as compared to conventional QqQ mass spectrometry. The experimental strategy relies on the chromatographic separation of a complex blank sample (bovine liver extract) and the subsequent monitoring of a number of dummy transitions respectively dummy accurate masses. The term "dummy" refers to precursor and derived product ions (based on a realistic neutral loss) whose elemental compositions (CxHyNzOdCle) were produced by a random number generator. Monitoring a large number of such hypothetical SRM's, or accurate masses inevitably produces a number of mass traces containing chromatographic peaks (false detects) which are caused by eluting matrix compounds. The number and intensity of these peaks were recorded and standardized to permit a comparison among the two employed MS technologies. QqQ performance (compounds which happen to produce a response in two SRM traces at identical retention time) was compared with a number of different HRMS(1) and HRMS(2) detection based modes. A HRMS confirmation criterion based on two full scans (an unfragmented and an all ion fragmented) was proposed. Compared to the CD criteria, a significantly lower probability of false positive and false negative findings is obtained by utilizing this criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaufmann
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - P Butcher
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Maden
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Walker
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Widmer
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
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110
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Duarte A, Walker S, Littlewood L, Gilbody S, Palmer S. Computerised Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Depression Management: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Value Health 2014; 17:A459. [PMID: 27201282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Walker
- University of York, Heslington, York, UK
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111
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Oddershede L, Walker S, Paton N, Stöhr W, Dunn D, Sculpher MJ. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Verse Ongoing Triple-Therapy in the Long-Term Management of HIV Patients. Value Health 2014; 17:A683. [PMID: 27202527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Walker
- University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - N Paton
- University College London, London, UK
| | - W Stöhr
- University College London, London, UK
| | - D Dunn
- University College London, London, UK
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112
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Underwood SR, Latus KA, Reyes E, Standbridge K, Walker S, Wechalekar K. Regadenoson-induced bradycardia and hypotension: possible mechanism and antidote. J Nucl Cardiol 2014; 21:1040. [PMID: 25150094 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-014-9968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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113
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Khor YH, Walker S, Rautela L, Chao C, Robinson A, Howard M. Successful pregnancy in ventilatory failure due to campomelic dysplasia with severe kyphoscoliosis. Intern Med J 2014; 44:712-3. [PMID: 25041778 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Khor
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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114
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Mutenko H, Makitrinskyy R, Tsypik O, Walker S, Ostash B, Fedorenko V. Genes for biosynthesis of butenolide-like signalling molecules in Streptomyces ghanaensis, their role in moenomycin production. RUSS J GENET+ 2014; 50:563-568. [PMID: 25624748 DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414060076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Moenomycins (Mm) - phosphoglycolipid compounds produced by Streptomyces ghanaensis ATCC14672 - are considered a promising model for development of novel class of antibiotics. In this regard it is important to generate Mm overproducing strains which would be a basis for economically justified production of this antibiotic. In this work a set of genes for synthesis and reception of low-molecular weight signaling molecules (LSM) in ATCC14672 were described and their significance for Mm production was studied. The ATCC14672 genome carries structural and regulatory genes for production of LSMs of avenolide and γ-butyrolactone families. Additional copies of LSM biosynthetic genes ssfg_07848 and ssfg_07725 did not alter the Mm production level. ATCC14672 LSMs are not capable of restoring the sporulation of butyrolactone-nonproducing mutant of S. griseus. Likewise, while the heterologous host S. lividans 1326 produced Mm, its mutant M707 (deficient in the butyrolactone synthase gene scbA) did not. Thus, while the natural level of LSMs production by ATCC14672 does not limit Mm synthesis, the former is essential for the synthesis of moenomycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mutenko
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - R Makitrinskyy
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - O Tsypik
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - S Walker
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, 4 Blackfan street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - B Ostash
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - V Fedorenko
- Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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115
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Mutenko H, Makitrinskyy R, Tsypik O, Walker S, Ostash B, Fedorenko V. [Genes for biosynthesis of butenolide-like signalling molecules in Streptomyces ghanaensis, their role in moenomycin production]. Genetika 2014; 50:645-651. [PMID: 25715454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Moenomycins (Mm)--phosphoglycolipid compounds produced by Streptomyces ghanaensis ATCC14672--are considered a promising model for development of novel-class of antibiotics. In this regard it is important to generate Mm overproducing strains which would be a basis for economically justified production of this antibiotic. In this work a set of genes for synthesis and reception of low-molecularweight signaling molecules (LSM) in ATCC14672 were described and their significance for Mm production was studied. The ATCC 14672 genome carries structural and regulatory genes for production of LSMs of avenolide and γ-butyrolacone families. Additional copies of LSM biosynthetic genes ssfg_07848 and ssfg_07725 did not alter the Mm production level. ATCC14672 LSMs are not capable of restoring the sporulation of butyrolactone-nonpro-ucing mutant ofS . griseus. Likewise, while the heterologous host S. lividans 1326 produced Mm, its mutant M707 (deficient in the butyrolactone synthase gene scbA) did not. Thus, while the natural level of LSMs pro-uction by ATCC 14672 does not limit Mm synthesis, the former is essential for the synthesis of moenomycins.
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116
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Keystone E, Smolen J, Strand V, Kumke T, Walker S, Mountian I, Landewé R. THU0162 Multiple Approaches for Implementation of Long-Term Efficacy Interpretation of Certolizumab Pegol Data: RAPID1 and RAPID2 CASE Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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117
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Walker S, Walker J, Richardson G, Palmer S, Wu Q, Gilbody S, Martin P, Hansen CH, Sawhney A, Murray G, Sculpher M, Sharpe M. Cost-effectiveness of combining systematic identification and treatment of co-morbid major depression for people with chronic diseases: the example of cancer. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1451-1460. [PMID: 23962484 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-morbid major depression occurs in approximately 10% of people suffering from a chronic medical condition such as cancer. Systematic integrated management that includes both identification and treatment has been advocated. However, we lack information on the cost-effectiveness of this combined approach, as published evaluations have focused solely on the systematic (collaborative care) treatment stage. We therefore aimed to use the best available evidence to estimate the cost-effectiveness of systematic integrated management (both identification and treatment) compared with usual practice, for patients attending specialist cancer clinics. METHOD We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision analytic model structured to reflect both the identification and treatment processes. Evidence was taken from reviews of relevant clinical trials and from observational studies, together with data from a large depression screening service. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were undertaken to determine the effects of variations in depression incidence rates, time horizons and patient characteristics. RESULTS Systematic integrated depression management generated more costs than usual practice, but also more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was £11,765 per QALY. This finding was robust to tests of uncertainty and variation in key model parameters. CONCLUSIONS Systematic integrated management of co-morbid major depression in cancer patients is likely to be cost-effective at widely accepted threshold values and may be a better way of generating QALYs for cancer patients than some existing medical and surgical treatments. It could usefully be applied to other chronic medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Walker
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - J Walker
- Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - G Richardson
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - S Palmer
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - S Gilbody
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - P Martin
- Psychological Medicine Research, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Holm Hansen
- Psychological Medicine Research, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Sawhney
- Psychological Medicine Research, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G Murray
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Population Health Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Sculpher
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - M Sharpe
- Psychological Medicine Research, University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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118
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Lopatniuk M, Ostash B, Luzhetskyy A, Walker S, Fedorenko V. Generation and study of the strains of streptomycetes - heterologous hosts for production of moenomycin. RUSS J GENET+ 2014; 50:360-365. [PMID: 25624747 PMCID: PMC4303909 DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Moenomycins (Mm) are family of phosphoglycolipid natural products that is considered a blueprint to develop new class of antibiotics. The natural Mm producer, Streptomyces ghanaensis (ATCC14672), produces very low amounts of moenomycin, fueling the investigations on genetic approaches to improve its titers. Heterologous expression of moenomycin biosynthesis gene cluster (moe) would be one of the ways to reach this goal. Here we report the generation of a number of novel heterologous streptomycete hosts producing nosokomycin A2 (one of the members of Mm family), and determine their potential for the antibiotic production. The rpoB point mutation in the model strain of Streptomyces genetics, S. coelicolor (strain M1152) significantly improved nosokomycin A2 production compared to parental strains (M145 and M512), while double rpoBrpsL mutation in the same species (strain M1154) decreased it. Our results point to the previously unanticipated epistatic interactions between mutations that individually are known to be highly beneficial for antibiotic production. We also showed here for the first time that facultative chemolitotrophic streptomycete S. thermospinosisporus and chloramphenicol producer S. venezuelae can be used as the hosts for moe genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lopatniuk
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - B. Ostash
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - A. Luzhetskyy
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, University of Saarland, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - S. Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - V. Fedorenko
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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119
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Melbourne Chambers R, Morrison-Levy N, Chang S, Tapper J, Walker S, Tulloch-Reid M. Cognition, academic achievement, and epilepsy in school-age children: a case-control study in a developing country. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 33:39-44. [PMID: 24632351 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a case-control study of 33 Jamaican children 7 to 12years old with uncomplicated epilepsy and 33 of their classroom peers matched for age and gender to determine whether epilepsy resulted in differences in cognitive ability and school achievement and if socioeconomic status or the environment had a moderating effect on any differences. Intelligence, language, memory, attention, executive function, and mathematics ability were assessed using selected tests from NEPSY, WISCR, TeaCh, WRAT3 - expanded, and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. The child's environment at home was measured using the Middle Childhood HOME inventory. Socioeconomic status was determined from a combination of household, crowding, possessions, and sanitation. We compared the characteristics of the cases and controls and used random effects regression models (using the matched pair as the cluster) to examine the relationship between cognition and epilepsy. We found that there was no significant difference in IQ, but children with epilepsy had lower scores on tests of memory (p<0.05), language (p<0.05), and attention (p<0.01) compared with their controls. In random effects models, epilepsy status had a significant effect on memory (coefficient=-0.14, CI: -0.23, -0.05), language (coefficient=-0.13, CI: -0.23, -0.04), and mathematics ability (coefficient=-0.01, CI: -0.02, -0.00). Adjustment for the home environment and socioeconomic status and inclusion of interaction terms for these variables did not alter these effects. In conclusion, we found that epilepsy status in Jamaican children has a significant effect on performance on tests of memory, language, and mathematics and that this effect is not modified or explained by socioeconomic status or the child's home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Melbourne Chambers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona, Jamaica.
| | - N Morrison-Levy
- Bustamante Hospital for Children, Arthur Wint Drive, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - S Chang
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, UWI, Mona, Jamaica.
| | - J Tapper
- Bustamante Hospital for Children, Arthur Wint Drive, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - S Walker
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, UWI, Mona, Jamaica.
| | - M Tulloch-Reid
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, UWI, Mona, Jamaica.
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Kaufmann A, Butcher P, Maden K, Walker S, Widmer M. Multi-residue quantification of veterinary drugs in milk with a novel extraction and cleanup technique: Salting out supported liquid extraction (SOSLE). Anal Chim Acta 2014; 820:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lopatniuk MM, Ostash BE, Luzheckiĭ AN, Walker S, Fedorenko VA. [Generation and study of the strains of streptomycetes--heterologous hosts for the production of moenomycin]. Genetika 2014; 50:413-419. [PMID: 25715443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the generation of a number of novel heterologous streptomycete hosts producing nosokomycin A2 (one of the members of Mm family) and determine their potential for antibiotic production. The rpoB point mutation in the model strain of Streptomyces coelicolor (strain M1152) significantly improved nosokomycin A2 production compared to parental strains (M145 and M512), while double rpoBrpsL mutation in the same species (strain M1154) decreased it. Our results point to the previously unanticipated epistatic interactions between mutations that individually are known to be highly beneficial for antibiotic production. We also showed for the first time that facultative chemolitotrophic streptomycete S. thermospinosisporus and chloramphenicol producer S. venezuelae can be used as the hosts for moe genes.
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Rolls K, Armstrong K, Keating L, Wrightson D, Walker S, Masters J. Measurement of temperature in critically ill adults: A systematic review and clinical practice guideline. Aust Crit Care 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Air travel poses a risk to patients with a pneumothorax due to in-flight pressure changes and guidance is available providing advice on air travel in patients with a pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is a recongnised complication of pleural thoracentesis, however chest radiographs have been shown to have limited sensitivity in diagnosing pneumothoraces and small pneumothoraces may not be recognised. There is, therefore a risk post thoracentesis, of exacerbating an unrecognised pneumothorax by air travel. This case outlines the presentation of a 55 year old lady, with a normal chest radiograph after an uncomplicated simple needle aspiration for a pleural effusion, who developed a large pneumothorax during air travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Walker
- Nevill Hall Hospital, Brecon Road, Abergavenny NP7 7EG, UK
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 01873 732732.
| | - N. Smith
- Respiratory Department, Wellington Regional Hospital, Private Bag 7902, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
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Dobrescu I, Levast B, Lai K, Delgado-Ortega M, Walker S, Banman S, Townsend H, Simon G, Zhou Y, Gerdts V, Meurens F. In vitro and ex vivo analyses of co-infections with swine influenza and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. Vet Microbiol 2013; 169:18-32. [PMID: 24418046 PMCID: PMC7117334 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Viral respiratory diseases remain problematic in swine. Among viruses, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV), alone or in combination, are the two main known contributors to lung infectious diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that experimental dual infections of pigs with PRRSV followed by SIV can cause more severe disease than the single viral infections. However, our understanding of the impact of one virus on the other at the molecular level is still extremely limited. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the influence of dual infections, compared to single infections, in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and precision cut lung slices (PCLS). PAMs were isolated and PCLS were acquired from the lungs of healthy 8-week-old pigs. Then, PRRSV (ATCC VR-2385) and a local SIV strain of H1N1 subtype (A/Sw/Saskatchewan/18789/02) were applied simultaneously or with 3 h apart on PAMs and PCLS for a total of 18 h. Immuno-staining for both viruses and beta-tubulin, real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA assays targeting various genes (pathogen recognition receptors, interferons (IFN) type I, cytokines, and IFN-inducible genes) and proteins were performed to analyze the cell and the tissue responses. Interference caused by the first virus on replication of the second virus was observed, though limited. On the host side, a synergistic effect between PRRSV and SIV co-infections was observed for some transcripts such as TLR3, RIG-I, and IFNβ in PCLS. The PRRSV infection 3 h prior to SIV infection reduced the response to SIV while the SIV infection prior to PRRSV infection had limited impact on the second infection. This study is the first to show an impact of PRRSV/SIV co-infection and superinfections in the cellular and tissue immune response at the molecular level. It opens the door to further research in this exciting and intriguing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dobrescu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - B Levast
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - K Lai
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - M Delgado-Ortega
- INRA, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), 37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37000 Tours, France
| | - S Walker
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S Banman
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H Townsend
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - G Simon
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Zoopôle Les Croix, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Y Zhou
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - V Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - F Meurens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Abdullah A, Omar AN, Mulcahy R, Clapp A, Tullo E, Carrick-Sen D, Newton J, Hirst B, Krishnaswami V, Foster A, Vahidassr D, Chavan T, Matthew A, Trolan CP, Steel C, Ellis G, Ahearn DJ, Lotha K, Shukla P, Bourne DR, Mathur A, Musarrat K, Patel A, Nicholson G, Nelson E, McNicholl S, McKee H, Cuthbertson J, Nelson E, Nicholson G, McNicholl S, McKee H, Cuthbertson J, Lunt E, Lee S, Okeke J, Daniel J, Naseem A, Ramakrishna S, Singh I, Barker JR, Weatherburn AJ, Thornton L, Daniel J, Okeke J, Holly C, Jones J, Varanasi A, Verma A, Singh I, Foster JAH, Carmichael C, Cawston C, Homewood S, Leitch M, Martin J, McDicken J, Lonnen J, Bishop-Miller J, Beishon LC, Harrison JK, Conroy SP, Gladman JRF, Sim J, Byrne F, Currie J, Ollman S, Brown S, Wilkinson M, Manoj A, Hussain F, Druhan A, Thompson M, Tsang J, Soh J, Offiah C, Coughlan T, O'Brien P, McCabe DJH, Murphy S, McManus J, O'Neill D, Collins DR, Warburton K, Maini N, Cunnington AL, Mathew P, Hoyles K, Lythgoe M, Brewer H, Western-Price J, Colquhoun K, Ramdoo K, Bowen J, Dale OT, Corbridge R, Chatterjee A, Gosney MA, Richardson L, Daunt L, Ali A, Harwood R, Beveridge LA, Harper J, Williamson LD, Bowen JST, Gosney MA, Wentworth L, Wardle K, Ruddlesdin J, Baht S, Roberts N, Corrado O, Morell J, Baker P, Whiller N, Wilkinson I, Barber M, Maclean A, Frieslick J, Reoch A, Thompson M, Tsang J, McSorley A, Crawford A, Sarup S, Niruban A, Edwards JD, Bailey SJ, May HM, Mathieson P, Jones H, Ray R, Prettyman R, Gibson R, Heaney A, Hull K, Manku B, Bellary S, Ninan S, Chhokar G, Sweeney D, Nivatongs W, Wong SY, Aung T, Kalsi T, Babic-Illman G, Harari D, Aljaizani M, Pattison AT, Pattison AT, Aljaizani M, Fox J, Reilly S, Chauhan V, Azad M, Youde J, Lagan J, Cooper H, Komrower D, Price V, von Stempel CB, Gilbert B, Bouwmeester N, Jones HW, Win T, Weekes C, Hodgkinson R, Walker S, Le Ball K, Muir ZN. Clinical effectiveness. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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126
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Walker S. Letter to the editor. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2013; 46:388. [PMID: 23810101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Walker S, Peltonen H, Sautel J, Scaramella C, Kraemer WJ, Avela J, Häkkinen K. Neuromuscular adaptations to constant vs. variable resistance training in older men. Int J Sports Med 2013; 35:69-74. [PMID: 23825004 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of constant or variable external resistance training on neuromuscular adaptations in the lower limbs of older men. 37 subjects (age 65±4 year) were quasi-randomly assigned to the constant or variable training group, or a non-training control group. Training consisted of a 20-week medium-intensity, high volume resistance training program. Maximum bilateral concentric and isometric force production of the leg extensors as well as repetitions-to-failure test were performed pre-, mid- and post-training. Vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area was assessed by ultrasound and lean leg mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Both training groups significantly increased force production of the leg extensors (variable: 26 kg, 95% CI=12-39, P<0.01; constant: 31 kg, 95% CI=19-43, P<0.01) and VL cross-sectional area (variable: 1.5 cm2, 95% CI=0.03-3.1, P=0.046; constant: 3 cm2, 95% CI=1.2-4.8, P=0.002). However, only the variable training group significantly improved repetitions to failure performance (704 kg, 95% CI=45-1 364, P=0.035). Only the variable resistance training group improved fatigue-resistance properties, which may be an important adaptation to maintain exercise and functional capacity in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Walker
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Peltonen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Sautel
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - C Scaramella
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - W J Kraemer
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - J Avela
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - K Häkkinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Bilardi JE, Walker S, Temple-Smith M, McNair R, Mooney-Somers J, Bellhouse C, Peterson S, Fairley CK, Chen MY, Bradshaw C. P3.005 The Burden of Bacterial Vaginosis: Women’s Experience of Living with Recurrent Bacterial Vaginsosis. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Vodstrcil LA, Hocking JS, Law M, Walker S, Fairley CK, Tabrizi S, Bradshaw CS. O04.2 Hormonal Contraception is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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130
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Kaufmann A, Walker S. Post-run target screening strategy for ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap based veterinary drug residue analysis in animal urine. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1292:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wade R, Spackman E, Corbett M, Walker S, Light K, Naik R, Sculpher M, Eastwood A. Adjunctive colposcopy technologies for examination of the uterine cervix--DySIS, LuViva Advanced Cervical Scan and Niris Imaging System: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2013; 17:1-240, v-vi. [PMID: 23449335 PMCID: PMC4781255 DOI: 10.3310/hta17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women in England (aged 25-64 years) are invited for cervical screening every 3-5 years to assess for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cancer. CIN is a term describing abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix, ranging from CIN1 to CIN3, which is precancerous. Colposcopy is used to visualise the cervix. Three adjunctive colposcopy technologies for examination of the cervix have been included in this assessment: Dynamic Spectral Imaging System (DySIS), the LuViva Advanced Cervical Scan and the Niris Imaging System. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adjunctive colposcopy technologies for examination of the uterine cervix for patients referred for colposcopy through the NHS Cervical Screening Programme. DATA SOURCES Sixteen electronic databases [Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), BIOSIS Previews, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), EMBASE, Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC), Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database; Inspec, Inside Conferences, MEDLINE, NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), PASCAL, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Science Citation Index (SCI) - Conference Proceedings], and two clinical trial registries [ClinicalTrials.gov and Current Controlled Trials (CCT)] were searched to September-October 2011. REVIEW METHODS Studies comparing DySIS, LuViva or Niris with conventional colposcopy were sought; a narrative synthesis was undertaken. A decision-analytic model was developed, which measured outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs were evaluated from the perspective of the NHS and Personal Social Services with a time horizon of 50 years. RESULTS Six studies were included: two studies of DySIS, one study of LuViva and three studies of Niris. The DySIS studies were well reported and had a low risk of bias; they found higher sensitivity with DySIS (both the DySISmap alone and in combination with colposcopy) than colposcopy alone for identifying CIN2+ disease, although specificity was lower with DySIS. The studies of LuViva and Niris were poorly reported and had limitations, which indicated that their results were subject to a high risk of bias; the results of these studies cannot be considered reliable. The base-case cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that both DySIS treatment options are less costly and more effective than colposcopy alone in the overall weighted population; these results were robust to the ranges tested in the sensitivity analysis. DySISmap alone was more costly and more effective in several of the referral groups but the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was never higher than £1687 per QALY. DySIS plus colposcopy was less costly and more effective in all reasons for referral. Only indicative analyses were carried out on Niris and LuViva and no conclusions could be made on their cost-effectiveness. LIMITATIONS The assessment is limited by the available evidence on the new technologies, natural history of the disease area and current treatment patterns. CONCLUSIONS DySIS, particularly in combination with colposcopy, has higher sensitivity than colposcopy alone. There is no reliable evidence on the clinical effectiveness of LuViva and Niris. DySIS plus colposcopy appears to be less costly and more effective than both the DySISmap alone and colposcopy alone; these results were robust to the sensitivity analyses undertaken. Given the lack of reliable evidence on LuViva and Niris, no conclusions on their potential cost-effectiveness can be drawn. There is some uncertainty about how generalisable these findings will be to the population of women referred for colposcopy in the future, owing to the introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) triage test and uptake of the HPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wade
- CRD/CHE Technology Assessment Group, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
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Kaufmann A, Walker S. Evaluation of the interrelationship between mass resolving power and mass error tolerances for targeted bioanalysis using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2013; 27:347-356. [PMID: 23239383 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The determination of acceptable mass error tolerances for high-resolution mass spectrometry based signals has been evaluated in a comprehensive way. This was achieved by using a technical approach which is based on the post-column infusion of an analyte containing solution. This well-known experimental setup was not used to spot signal suppression regions of a particular analyte, but to spot regions of the chromatogram where a systematic mass drift of the analyte ion can be observed (isobaric interference plot). Not the changing signal intensity but the stability of the measured analyte mass was observed. A wide range of different analytes in combinations with potentially interfering matrices has been evaluated. Furthermore, different mass resolving power settings were evaluated. Isobaric interferences between matrix compounds and analytes were common at mass resolving powers <50,000 full width at half maximum. The proposed post-column infusion technique is a useful tool for the determination of the assay and matrix-specific mass error tolerances. It aims to ensure the highest possible selectivity, at the same time preventing the encounter of detrimental mass error related peak deformations as well as false negative findings. Unlike conventional matrix spiking approaches, isobaric interference plots provide information of potential interferences across the whole chromatographic time range. This becomes relevant when there is a relative retention time shift between the analyte and potential interfering matrix compounds. Furthermore, the described setup can be used to study how the mass accuracy of any mass spectrometer is affected by a widely varying total ion current.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaufmann
- Official Food Control Authority, Kantonales Labor Zürich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Ganesamoorthy D, Bruno DL, McGillivray G, Norris F, White SM, Adroub S, Amor DJ, Yeung A, Oertel R, Pertile MD, Ngo C, Arvaj AR, Walker S, Charan P, Palma-Dias R, Woodrow N, Slater HR. Meeting the challenge of interpreting high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism array data in prenatal diagnosis: does increased diagnostic power outweigh the dilemma of rare variants? BJOG 2013; 120:594-606. [PMID: 23332022 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have already shown the superiority of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) compared with conventional karyotyping for prenatal investigation of fetal ultrasound abnormality. This study used very high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to determine the impact on detection rates of all clinical categories of copy number variations (CNVs), and address the issue of interpreting and communicating findings of uncertain or unknown clinical significance, which are to be expected at higher frequency when using very high-resolution CMA. DESIGN Prospective validation study. SETTING Tertiary clinical genetics centre. POPULATION Women referred for further investigation of fetal ultrasound anomaly. METHODS We prospectively tested 104 prenatal samples using both conventional karyotyping and high-resolution arrays. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The detection rates for each clinical category of CNV. RESULTS Unequivocal pathogenic CNVs were found in six cases, including one with uniparental disomy (paternal UPD 14). A further four cases had a 'likely pathogenic' finding. Overall, CMA improved the detection of 'pathogenic' and 'likely pathogenic' abnormalities from 2.9% (3/104) to 9.6% (10/104). CNVs of 'unknown' clinical significance that presented interpretational difficulties beyond results from parental investigations were detected in 6.7% (7/104) of samples. CONCLUSIONS Increased detection sensitivity appears to be the main benefit of high-resolution CMA. Despite this, in this cohort there was no significant benefit in terms of improving detection of small pathogenic CNVs. A potential disadvantage is the high detection rate of CNVs of 'unknown' clinical significance. These findings emphasise the importance of establishing an evidence-based policy for the interpretation and reporting of CNVs, and the need to provide appropriate pre- and post-test counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ganesamoorthy
- VCGS Cytogenetics Laboratory, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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Padhee M, McMillen C, MacLaughlin S, Zhang S, Kleemann D, Walker S, Morrison J. Impact of In Vitro Culture and Transfer of Embryo on Cardiovascular Function and Heart Growth in Postnatal Life. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Spillman I, Ahimbisibwe M, Fry A, Syed SB, Hoyle S, Walker S, Tumwesigye T. O080: Amplification of patient safety and infection prevention systems in southwest uganda: the power of district based in-hospital training. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3687735 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-o80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hodson M, Andrews S, Walker S, Roberts M. P80 Coming and Going: COPD Patients’ Experiences of Hospital Admission and Discharge. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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137
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Blakey JD, Woulnough K, James AC, Fellows J, Obeidat M, Navaratnam V, Stringfellow T, Yeoh ZW, Pavord I, Thomas M, Walker S. S62 A Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Future Asthma Attacks to Inform a Risk Assessment Questionnaire. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rodgers M, Asaria M, Walker S, McMillan D, Lucock M, Harden M, Palmer S, Eastwood A. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of low-intensity psychological interventions for the secondary prevention of relapse after depression: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2012; 16:1-130. [PMID: 22642789 DOI: 10.3310/hta16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common mental disorder in community settings and a major cause of disability across the world. The objective of treatment is to achieve remission or at least adequate control of depressive symptoms; however, even after successful treatment, the risk of relapse after remission is significant. Although the effectiveness of low-intensity interventions has been extensively evaluated to treat primary symptoms of psychological difficulties, there has been substantially less research examining the use of these interventions as a relapse prevention strategy. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of low-intensity psychological or psychosocial interventions to prevent relapse or recurrence in patients with depression. As the broader definition of 'low-intensity' psychological intervention is somewhat contested, the review was conducted in two parts: A, a systematic review of all evaluations of 'low-intensity' interventions that were delivered by para-professionals, peer supporters or psychological well-being practitioners as defined by the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programme; and B, a scoping review of relevant evaluations of interventions involving qualified mental health professionals (e.g. psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, cognitive behavioural therapists) involving < 6 hours of contact per patient. DATA SOURCES Comprehensive literature searches were developed; electronic databases were searched from inception until September 2010 (including MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library), internet resources were used to identify guidelines on the treatment of depression, and the bibliographies of relevant reviews, guidelines and included studies were scrutinised. REVIEW METHODS Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts; data were extracted independently by one reviewer using a standardised data extraction form and checked by another. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus, with involvement of a third reviewer when necessary. The inclusion criteria were population - adults or adolescents who had received treatment for depression; intervention - part A, low-intensity interventions, specifically any unsupported psychological/psychosocial interventions or any supported interventions that did not involve highly qualified mental health professionals, and, part B, interventions carried out by qualified mental health professionals that involved < 6 hours of contact per patient; comparator - any, including no treatment, placebo, psychological or pharmacological interventions; outcomes - relapse or recurrence, other outcomes (e.g. social function, quality of life) were recorded where reported; and study design - for clinical effectiveness, randomised, quasi-randomised and non-randomised studies with concurrent control patients. For cost-effectiveness, full economic evaluations that compared two or more treatment options and considered both costs and consequences. No studies met the main part A inclusion criteria. RESULTS For the clinical effectiveness review, 17 studies (14 completed, three ongoing), reported in 27 publications, met the part B inclusion criteria. These studies were clinically and methodologically diverse, and reported differing degrees of efficacy for the evaluated interventions. One randomised controlled trial (RCT), which evaluated a collaborative care-type programme, was potentially relevant to part A; this study reported no difference between patients receiving the intervention and those receiving usual care in terms of relapse of depression over 12 months. For the cost-effectiveness review, two studies met the criteria for part B. One of these was an economic evaluation of the RCT above, which was potentially relevant to part A. This evaluation found that the intervention may be a cost-effective use of resources when compared with usual care; however, it was unclear how valid these estimates were for the NHS. LIMITATIONS Although any definition of 'brief' is likely to be somewhat arbitrary, an inclusion threshold of 6 hours contact per patient was used to select brief high-intensity intervention studies. Most excluded studies evaluated clearly resource-intensive interventions, though occasionally, studies were excluded on the basis of having only slightly more than 6 hours contact per patient. CONCLUSIONS There is inadequate evidence to determine the clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of low-intensity interventions for the prevention of relapse or recurrence of depression. A scoping review of brief high-intensity therapies indicates that some approaches have shown promise in some studies, but findings have not been consistent. Many uncertainties remain and further primary research is required. Careful consideration should be given to the scope of such research; it is important to evaluate the broader patient pathway accounting for the heterogeneous patient groups of interest. Future RCTs conducted in a UK primary care setting should include adult participants in remission or recovery from depression, and evaluate the quality of the intervention and consistency of delivery across practitioners where appropriate. The occurrence of relapse or recurrence should be measured using established methods, and functional outcomes as well as symptoms should be measured; data on quality of life using a generic instrument, such as the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), should be collected. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodgers
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, UK
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Limbong J, McKenzie K, Scott D, Walker S. Prioritising children product safety initiatives based on frequency, severity & product causality: a secondary data analysis of Queensland injury surveillance unit data. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590f.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Morrison J, Rattanatray L, McMillen C, MacLaughlin S, Kleemann D, Walker S. Impact of maternal overnutrition and dietary restriction in the periconceptional period on expression of IGF1R and miR-1 in the heart of the postnatal lamb. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jensen RL, Abraham S, Hu N, Jensen RL, Boulay JL, Leu S, Frank S, Vassella E, Vajtai I, von Felten S, Taylor E, Schulz M, Hutter G, Sailer M, Hench J, Mariani L, van Thuijl HF, Scheinin I, van Essen DF, Heimans JJ, Wesseling P, Ylstra B, Reijneveld JC, Borges AR, Larrubia PL, Marques JMB, Cerdan SG, Brastianos P, Horowitz P, Santagata S, Jones RT, McKenna A, Getz G, Ligon K, Palescandolo E, Van Hummelen P, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Louis D, Hahn WC, Dunn I, Beroukhim R, Guan X, Vengoechea J, Zheng S, Sloan A, Chen Y, Brat D, O'Neill BP, Cohen M, Aldape K, Rosenfeld S, Noushmehr H, Verhaak RG, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Bahassi EM, Li YQ, Cross E, Li W, Vijg J, McPherson C, Warnick R, Stambrook P, Rixe O, Manterola L, Tejada-Solis S, Diez-Valle R, Gonzalez M, Jauregui P, Sampron N, Barrena C, Ruiz I, Gallego J, Delattre JY, de Munain AL, Mlonso MM, Saito K, Mukasa A, Nagae G, Aihara K, Takayanagi S, Aburatani H, Saito N, Kong XT, Fu BD, Du S, Hasso AN, Linskey ME, Bota D, Li C, Chen YS, Chen ZP, Kim CH, Cheong JH, Kim JM, Yelon NP, Jacoby E, Cohen ZR, Ishida J, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Fujii K, Shimazu Y, Date I, Narayanan R, Ho QH, Levin BS, Maeder ML, Joung JK, Nutt CL, Louis DN, Thorsteinsdottir J, Fu P, Gehrmann M, Multhoff G, Tonn JC, Schichor C, Thirumoorthy K, Gordon N, Walston S, Patel D, Okamoto M, Chakravarti A, Palanichamy K, French P, Erdem L, Gravendeel L, de Rooi J, Eilers P, Idbaih A, Spliet W, den Dunnen W, Teepen J, Wesseling P, Smitt PS, Kros JM, Gorlia T, van den Bent M, McCarthy D, Cook RW, Oelschlager K, Maetzold D, Hanna M, Wick W, Meisner C, Hentschel B, Platten M, Sabel MC, Koeppen S, Ketter R, Weiler M, Tabatabai G, Schilling A, von Deimling A, Gramatzki D, Westphal M, Schackert G, Loeffler M, Simon M, Reifenberger G, Weller M, Moren L, Johansson M, Bergenheim T, Antti H, Sulman EP, Goodman LD, Wani KM, DeMonte F, Aldape KD, Krischek B, Gugel I, Aref D, Marshall C, Croul S, Zadeh G, Nilsson CL, Sulman E, Liu H, Wild C, Lichti CF, Emmett MR, Lang FF, Conrad C, Alentorn A, Marie Y, Boisselier B, Carpetier C, Mokhtari K, Hoang-Xuan K, Capelle L, Delattre JY, Idbaih A, Lautenschlaeger T, Huebner A, McIntyre JB, Magliocco T, Chakravarti A, Hamilton M, Easaw J, Pollo B, Calatozzolo C, Vuono R, Guzzetti S, Eoli M, Silvani A, Di Meco F, Filippini G, Finocchiaro G, Joy A, Ramesh A, Smirnov I, Reiser M, Shapiro W, Mills G, Kim S, Feuerstein B, Gonda DD, Li J, McCabe N, Walker S, Goffard N, Wikstrom K, McLean E, Greenan C, Delaney T, McCarthy M, McDyer F, Keating KE, James IF, Harrison T, Mullan P, Harkin DP, Carter BS, Kennedy RD, Chen CC, Patel AS, Allen JE, Dicker DT, Rizzo K, Sheehan JM, Glantz MJ, El-Deiry WS, Salhia B, Ross JT, Kiefer J, Van Cott C, Metpally R, Baker A, Sibenaller Z, Nasser S, Ryken T, Ramanathan R, Berens ME, Carpten J, Tran NL, Bi Y, Pal S, Zhang Z, Gupta R, Macyszyn L, Fetting H, O'Rourke D, Davuluri RV, Ezrin AM, Moore K, Stummer W, Hadjipanayis CG, Cahill DP, Beiko J, Suki D, Prabhu S, Weinberg J, Lang F, Sawaya R, Rao G, McCutcheon I, Barker FG, Aldape KD, Trister AD, Bot B, Fontes K, Bridge C, Baldock AL, Rockhill JK, Mrugala MM, Rockne RR, Huang E, Swanson KR, Underhill HR, Zhang J, Shi M, Lin X, Mikheev A, Rostomily RC, Scheck AC, Stafford P, Hughes A, Cichacz Z, Coons SW, Johnston SA, Mainwaring L, Horowitz P, Craig J, Garcia D, Bergthold G, Burns M, Rich B, Ramkissoon S, Santagata S, Eberhart C, Ligon A, Goumnerova L, Stiles C, Kieran M, Hahn W, Beroukhim R, Ligon K, Ramkissoon S, Olausson KH, Correia J, Gafni E, Liu H, Theisen M, Craig J, Hayashi M, Haidar S, Maire C, Mainwaring LA, Burns M, Norden A, Wen P, Stiles C, Ligon A, Kung A, Alexander B, Tonellato P, Ligon KL. LAB-OMICS AND PROGNOSTIC MARKERS. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hugues-Salas E, Giddings RP, Jin XQ, Hong Y, Quinlan T, Walker S, Tang JM. REAM intensity modulator-enabled 10Gb/s colorless upstream transmission of real-time optical OFDM signals in a single-fiber-based bidirectional PON architecture. Opt Express 2012; 20:21089-21100. [PMID: 23037232 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.021089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reflective electro-absorption modulation-intensity modulators (REAM-IMs) are utilized, for the first time, to experimentally demonstrate colorless ONUs in single-fiber-based, bidirectional, intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IMDD), optical OFDM PONs (OOFDM-PONs) incorporating 25 km SSMFs and OLT-side-seeded CW optical signals. The colorlessness of the REAM-IMs is characterized, based on which optimum REAM-IM operating conditions are identified. In the aforementioned PON architecture, 10Gb/s colorless upstream transmissions of end-to-end real-time OOFDM signals are successfully achieved for various wavelengths within the entire C-band. Over such a wavelength window, corresponding minimum received optical powers at the FEC limit vary in a range as small as <0.5 dB. In addition, experimental measurements also indicate that Rayleigh backscattering imposes a 2.8 dB optical power penalty on the 10 Gb/s over 25 km upstream OOFDM signal transmission. Furthermore, making use of on-line adaptive bit and power loading, a linear trade-off between aggregated signal line rate and optical power budget is observed, which shows that, for the present PON system, a 10% reduction in signal line rate can improve the optical power budget by 2.6 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hugues-Salas
- School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Dean Street, Bangor, LL57 1UT, UK.
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Walker S, Burch J, McKenna C, Wright K, Griffin S, Woolacott N. Omalizumab for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma in children aged 6-11 years. Health Technol Assess 2012; 15 Suppl 1:13-21. [PMID: 21609649 DOI: 10.3310/hta15suppl1/02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of omalizumab for the treatment of severe persistent asthma in children aged 6-11 years, based upon the evidence submission from Novartis Pharmaceutical UK Ltd to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal process. The manufacturer's submission was generally considered to be of good quality. The submission was based primarily on a preplanned subgroup IA-05 EUP (European Union Population) from the IA-05 trial, with outcomes including the number of clinically significant (CS) and clinically significant severe (CSS) exacerbations. Omalizumab therapy was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the rate of CS exacerbations, but the reduction in the rate of CSS exacerbations was not statistically significant. The benefit in terms of CS exacerbations was achieved mainly in patients with more than three exacerbations per year at baseline. The manufacturer found no previous published cost-effectiveness studies of omalizumab in children aged 6-11 years, so their de novo economic evaluation formed the basis of the submitted economic evidence. The economic model was considered appropriate for the decision problem. The results from the model indicated that omalizumab in addition to standard therapy compared with standard therapy alone did not appear cost-effective in either the overall population or a subgroup of patients hospitalised in the year prior to enrollment, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £ 91,169 and £ 65,911 per quality-adjusted life-year, respectively. These findings were found to be robust across a wide range of alternative assumptions through one-way sensitivity analyses. The guidance issued by NICE states that omalizumab is not recommended for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma in children aged 6-11 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Walker
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK.
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Street I, Holmes I, Devlin M, Bergman Y, Doherty J, Natoli A, Falk H, Nikac M, Choi N, Walker S. 846 Inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Combination With Bevacizumab Reduces the Rate of Tumor Revascularization and Increases Survival in a Pre-clinical Model of Basal Breast Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a relatively common problem presented to the emergency department. Most sources advocate the use of vagal manoeuvres as first-line management, including Valsalva manoeuvre. Despite this, there is lack of standardisation as to how the technique is performed. There is currently no 'gold standard' Valsalva manoeuvre. We propose a modified Valsalva manoeuvre, based on techniques described in small-scale electrophysiological studies, but no large clinical trials. OBJECTIVE The study was designed to assess the impact of introducing this modified Valsalva manoeuvre as the departmental standard for non-pharmacological reversion of SVT. METHODS A retrospective audit reviewing the preceding 6-month presentations of SVT was performed, and a questionnaire assessing techniques used and anticipated success rates was completed by a representative sample of emergency department doctors. Finally, a prospective trial of the impact of the modified Valsalva manoeuvre on patients presenting in SVT to the emergency department was performed. After meeting the study criteria and giving consent, the patients were instructed to perform the modified Valsalva manoeuvre, that is, while lying supine on the bed in a Trendelenberg position, they forcefully expire into a section of suction tubing and pressure gauge for at least 15 s and at a pressure of at least 40 mm Hg. RESULTS The retrospective 6-month audit revealed only one successful reversion with Valsalva from a sample of 19 patients. Thirty-two doctors completed the questionnaire describing a variety of different Valsalva techniques highlighting a lack of consensus. 27 patients were recruited to the prospective trial, of whom 19 were correctly diagnosed as having paroxysmal SVT. Of these 19 patients, 6 reverted with the modified Valsalva manoeuvre. CONCLUSION Our findings support previous observations that there is lack of standardisation as to how Valsalva is performed, and an apparent reliance on adenosine. The impact of introducing this technique as our departmental standard was a raise in non-pharmacological reversion from 5.3% to 31.7% with no reported significant adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Walker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway and Reserve Road, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Kaufmann A, Walker S. Accuracy of relative isotopic abundance and mass measurements in a single-stage orbitrap mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:1081-1090. [PMID: 22467458 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Orbitrap technology offers a combination of different technical specifications which have not yet been achieved by other high-resolution mass spectrometry instrumentation. This refers to the combination of sensitivity, dynamic range, mass accuracy, resolution and speed. The high stability of the mass axis and the general ease of use made the orbitrap instrumentation attractive for routine laboratories. However, there are circumstances where significantly deviating relative isotopic abundance (RIA) and shifting accurate masses can be observed. RIA becomes biased at low ion counts. Furthermore, two adjacent, only partially resolved near-isobaric ions are detected with a deviating RIA. The presence of a very intensive mass peak does not only induce Fourier transformation related artefacts (side-lobes) but can cause mass shifts of small adjacent near-isobaric mass peaks. These effects are not as drastic as known for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance instruments. Still, users trying to identify or quantify trace level compounds should be aware about such limitations in order to avoid possible pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaufmann
- Official Food Control Authority, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Lee KK, Mills NL, McAllister DA, Churchhouse AMD, MacLeod M, Stoddart M, Walker S, Denvir MA, Fox KAA, Newby DE. 128 Implications of lowering the threshold of cardiac troponin in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Heart 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301877b.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Street I, de Sylva M, Lackovic K, Ganame D, Holloway G, Anderson R, McArthur G, Natoli A, Doherty J, Falk H, Kersten W, Lessene R, Leuchowius K, Novello P, Yang H, Bergman Y, Camerino M, Charman S, Gregg A, Choi N, Foitzik R, Hemley C, Lunniss G, Nikac M, Walker S, Lovrecz G, Monahan B, Peat T, Robinson C, Scott C, Gorman M, Parker M, Holmes I, Devlin M. Abstract LB-308: Combination of CTx-0294945 a highly selective inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase with bevacizumab in pre-clinical models of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that provides a critical hub for signalling from at least four different classes of cellular sensing mechanisms including growth factor receptors, GPCRs, integrins and mechanical stress forces. By temporal and spatial integration of signals from these sources, FAK plays a central role in cell migration, invasion and proliferation; processes vital for tumorigenesis. The significance of FAK to the function of signal transduction pathways provides a strong rationale for the combination of FAK inhibitors with other targeted agents to achieve improved efficacy against a range of cancers. Others have demonstrated the importance of FAK in angiogenesis and therefore combining a FAKi with anti-VEGF agents is attractive as it employs two complementary mechanisms of suppressing the formation of tumor vasculature. Here we present results from the co-administration of CTx-0294945, a highly selective FAKi, and bevacizumab (bev) in an orthotopic model of human breast cancer. Methods and Results: CTx-0294945 is an orally bioavailable small molecule ATP competitive inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK KD=0.21 nM). It exhibits high selectivity against a diverse panel of 125 kinases including the closely related Pyk2. CTx-0294945 inhibits autophosphorylation of 397Y-FAK in MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 = 7 nM and exhibits low general cellular toxicity (IC50 = 2.7 µM, MDA-MB-231 cells). CTx-0294945 is suitable for oral administration (%F=58 and t1/2=5.1 h at 20 mg/Kg in rat) and does not inhibit (IC50 >20 µM) any of the cytochrome p450 isoforms tested to date. To assess the co-administration of CTx-0294945 with bev, mice were injected orthotopically with MDA-MB-231 cells (106). After 14 days, when tumors were palpable, mice were randomized into 4 groups and dosing commenced. The groups were treated with CTx-0294945 (80 mg/kg QD, PO), bev (12.5 mg/Kg IP, x2/week), CTx-0294945 (80 mg/Kg QD, PO) and bev (12.5 mg/Kg IP, x2/week) or vehicle. Tumor growth was monitored and on day 28 animals in the vehicle and CTx-0294945 arms were culled when the size of the tumors reached ethical end point (1000 mm3). Tumor growth in the bev only and the CTx-0294945 + bev arms was significantly inhibited (75% and 88% TGI respectively). At this time the treatment regimes for both cohorts were stopped and tumor growth allowed to progress. After an additional 14 days the experiment was terminated when the bev treatment group reached ethical end point; however the average size of the tumors in the CTx-0294945 + bev cohort was still was only 562 mm3. Conclusions: Our data suggest the potential utility of combining a selective FAK inhibitor with bevacizumab to prevent tumour progression and enhance the durability of response.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-308. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-308
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Street
- 1Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Bundoora, Australia
| | - M de Sylva
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - K. Lackovic
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - D. Ganame
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - G. Holloway
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - R. Anderson
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - G McArthur
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Natoli
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Doherty
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Falk
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - W Kersten
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - R Lessene
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - K Leuchowius
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - P Novello
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - H Yang
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Y Bergman
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Camerino
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - S Charman
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - A Gregg
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - N Choi
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - R Foitzik
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - C Hemley
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - G Lunniss
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Nikac
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - S Walker
- 4Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Australia
| | - G Lovrecz
- 5CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - B Monahan
- 5CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - T Peat
- 5CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - C Robinson
- 5CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Parkville, Australia
| | - C Scott
- 2The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Bundoora, Australia
| | - M Gorman
- 6St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - M Parker
- 6St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - I Holmes
- 1Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Bundoora, Australia
| | - M Devlin
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
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