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Bi X, Han L, Qu T, Mu Y, Guan P, Qu X, Wang Z, Huang X. Anti-Inflammatory Effects, SAR, and Action Mechanism of Monoterpenoids from Radix Paeoniae Alba on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050715. [PMID: 28468284 PMCID: PMC6154723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine monoterpenoids from Radix Paeoniae Alba, including paeoniflorin derivatives, paeoniflorin (PF), 4-O-methylpaeoniflorin (MPF), 4-O-methylbenzoylpaeoniflorin (MBPF); paeonidanin derivatives, paeonidanin (PD), paeonidanin A (PDA), albiflorin derivatives, albiflorin (AF), benzoylalbiflorin (BAF), galloylalbiflorin (GAF), and debenzoylalbiflorin (DAF), were obtained in our previous phytochemistry investigations. Their anti-inflammatory effects were determined in the present study. The expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were measured using an Elisa assay and nitric oxide (NO) release was determined using the Griess method. The results demonstrated that the most of the monoterpenoids suppressed the LPS-induced production of NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The anti-inflammatory activities of these monoterpenoids were closely related to their structural characteristics. Paeoniflorins and paeonidanins presented stronger anti-inflammatory activities than those of albiflorin derivatives. Furthermore, the action mechanisms of MBPF, having a strong anti-inflammatory effect, were investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot methods. The results indicated that MBPF could down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways are involved in mediating the role of MBPF in suppressing the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Bi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Li Han
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Tiange Qu
- Dongzhimen Hospital of the First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yu Mu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Peipei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Xiaodan Qu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Zhanyou Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Xueshi Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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da Silva LCN, da Silva MV, Correia MTDS. Editorial: New Frontiers in the Search of Antimicrobials Agents from Natural Products. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:210. [PMID: 28270797 PMCID: PMC5318908 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis C N da Silva
- Programa de pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Ceuma São Luís, Brazil
| | - Márcia V da Silva
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
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Li J, Koh JJ, Liu S, Lakshminarayanan R, Verma CS, Beuerman RW. Membrane Active Antimicrobial Peptides: Translating Mechanistic Insights to Design. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:73. [PMID: 28261050 PMCID: PMC5306396 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising next generation antibiotics that hold great potential for combating bacterial resistance. AMPs can be both bacteriostatic and bactericidal, induce rapid killing and display a lower propensity to develop resistance than do conventional antibiotics. Despite significant progress in the past 30 years, no peptide antibiotic has reached the clinic yet. Poor understanding of the action mechanisms and lack of rational design principles have been the two major obstacles that have slowed progress. Technological developments are now enabling multidisciplinary approaches including molecular dynamics simulations combined with biophysics and microbiology toward providing valuable insights into the interactions of AMPs with membranes at atomic level. This has led to increasingly robust models of the mechanisms of action of AMPs and has begun to contribute meaningfully toward the discovery of new AMPs. This review discusses the detailed action mechanisms that have been put forward, with detailed atomistic insights into how the AMPs interact with bacterial membranes. The review further discusses how this knowledge is exploited toward developing design principles for novel AMPs. Finally, the current status, associated challenges, and future directions for the development of AMP therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Ocular Chemistry and Anti-Infectives, Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore, Singapore; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Bioinformatics InstituteSingapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, SRP Neuroscience and BDSingapore, Singapore
| | - Jun-Jie Koh
- Ocular Chemistry and Anti-Infectives, Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shouping Liu
- Ocular Chemistry and Anti-Infectives, Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chandra S Verma
- Ocular Chemistry and Anti-Infectives, Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore, Singapore; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Bioinformatics InstituteSingapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Ocular Chemistry and Anti-Infectives, Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, SRP Neuroscience and BDSingapore, Singapore
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Qiu L, Liu H, Li K, Lv G, Yang H, Qin X, Lin J. Preparation and Biological Evaluation of Two Novel Platinum(II) Complexes Based on the Ligands of Dipicolyamine Bisphosphonate Esters. Molecules 2016; 21:255. [PMID: 26927037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new platinum(II)-based complexes bearing a bone-targeting group were synthesized and characterized. They both have excellent affinity for hydroxyapatite (HA), which is abundant in human bone tissues. Their antitumor activities against five human cancer cell lines (U2OS, A549, HCT116, MDA-MB-231 and HepG2) were evaluated and compared with cisplatin (CDDP). Though the antitumor efficacies of new complexes are lower than that of CDDP, they show higher selectivity against the HepG2 hepatoma cell line than the L02 normal liver cell line. Morphology studies exhibited typical characteristics of cell apoptosis and the cell cycle distribution analysis indicated that the complexes can inhibit cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, a similar mechanism of action to CDDP.
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105
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Zhou C, Wang F, Chen H, Li M, Qiao F, Liu Z, Hou Y, Wu C, Fan Y, Liu L, Wang S, Wang Y. Selective Antimicrobial Activities and Action Mechanism of Micelles Self-Assembled by Cationic Oligomeric Surfactants. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:4242-9. [PMID: 26820390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work reports that cationic micelles formed by cationic trimeric, tetrameric, and hexameric surfactants bearing amide moieties in spacers can efficiently kill Gram-negative E. coli with a very low minimum inhibitory concentration (1.70-0.93 μM), and do not cause obvious toxicity to mammalian cells at the concentrations used. With the increase of the oligomerization degree, the antibacterial activity of the oligomeric surfactants increases, i.e., hexameric surfactant > tetrameric surfactant > trimeric surfactant. Isothermal titration microcalorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential results reveal that the cationic micelles interact with the cell membrane of E. coli through two processes. First, the integrity of outer membrane of E. coli is disrupted by the electrostatic interaction of the cationic ammonium groups of the surfactants with anionic groups of E. coli, resulting in loss of the barrier function of the outer membrane. The inner membrane then is disintegrated by the hydrophobic interaction of the surfactant hydrocarbon chains with the hydrophobic domains of the inner membrane, leading to the cytoplast leakage. The formation of micelles of these cationic oligomeric surfactants at very low concentration enables more efficient interaction with bacterial cell membrane, which endows the oligomeric surfactants with high antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Li S, Wang Y, Wang F, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao M, Feng Q, Wu J, Zhao S, Wu W, Peng S. Small molecule PZL318: forming fluorescent nanoparticles capable of tracing their interactions with cancer cells and activated platelets, slowing tumor growth and inhibiting thrombosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5273-92. [PMID: 26345234 PMCID: PMC4554418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s88052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low selectivity of chemotherapy correlates with poor outcomes of cancer patients. To improve this issue, a novel agent, N-(1-[3-methoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]-β-carboline-3-carbonyl)-Trp-Lys-OBzl (PZL318), was reported here. The transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy images demonstrated that PZL318 can form nanoparticles. Fluorescent and confocal images visualized that PZL318 formed fluorescent nanoparticles capable of targeting cancer cells and tracing their interactions with cancer cells. In vitro, 40 μM of PZL318 inhibited the proliferation of tumorigenic cells, but not nontumorigenic cells. In vivo, 10 nmol/kg of PZL318 slowed the tumor growth of S180 mice and alleviated the thrombosis of ferric chloride-treated ICR mice, while 100 μmol/kg of PZL318 did not injure healthy mice and they exhibited no liver toxicity. By analyzing Fourier transform–mass spectrometry and rotating-frame Overhauser spectroscopy (ROESY) two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, the chemical mechanism of PZL318-forming trimers and nanoparticles was explored. By using mesoscale simulation, a nanoparticle of 3.01 nm in diameter was predicted containing 13 trimers. Scavenging free radicals, downregulating sP-selectin expression and intercalating toward DNA were correlated with the antitumor mechanism of PZL318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Qiqi Feng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurui Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Basic Medicine of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Peng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Shi L, Li P, Wang W, Gao M, Wu Z, Song X, Hu D. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Sulfone Derivatives Containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Moieties on Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight. Molecules 2015; 20:11660-75. [PMID: 26114927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200711660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, sulfone derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties indicated good antibacterial activities against rice bacterial leaf blight caused by the pathogen Xanthomonasoryzaepv.pv. oryzae (Xoo). In particular, 2-(methylsulfonyl)-5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole revealed the best antibacterial activity against Xoo, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 9.89 μg/mL, which was better than those of the commercial agents of bismerthiazole (92.61 μg/mL) and thiodiazole copper (121.82 μg/mL). In vivo antibacterial activity tests under greenhouse conditions and field trials demonstrated that 2-(methylsulfonyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole was effective in reducing rice bacterial leaf blight. Meanwhile, 2-(methylsulfonyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole stimulate the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities in rice, causing marked enhancement of plant resistance against rice bacterial leaf blight. It could also improve the chlorophyll content and restrain the increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rice to considerably reduce the amount of damage caused by Xoo. Moreover, 2-(methylsulfonyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, at a concentration of 20 μg/mL, could inhibit the production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) with an inhibition ratio of 94.52%, and reduce the gene expression levels of gumB, gumG, gumM, and xanA, with inhibition ratios of 94.88%, 68.14%, 86.76%, and 79.21%, respectively.
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Xie J, Gou Y, Zhao Q, Li S, Zhang W, Song J, Mou L, Li J, Wang K, Zhang B, Yang W, Wang R. Antimicrobial activities and action mechanism studies of transportan 10 and its analogues against multidrug-resistant bacteria. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:599-607. [PMID: 25891396 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The increased emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is perceived as a critical public health threat, creating an urgent need for the development of novel classes of antimicrobials. Cell-penetrating peptides that share common features with antimicrobial peptides have been found to have antimicrobial activity and are currently being considered as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Transportan 10 is a chimeric cell-penetrating peptide that has been reported to transport biologically relevant cargoes into mammalian cells and cause damage to microbial membranes. In this study, we designed a series of TP10 analogues and studied their structure-activity relationships. We first evaluated the antimicrobial activities of these compounds against multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are responsible for most nosocomial infections. Our results showed that several of these compounds had potent antimicrobial and biofilm-inhibiting activities. We also measured the toxicity of these compounds, finding that Lys substitution could increase the antimicrobial activity but significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity. Pro introduction could reduce the cytotoxicity but disrupted the helical structure, resulting in a loss of activity. In the mechanistic studies, TP10 killed bacteria by membrane-active and DNA-binding activities. In conclusion, TP10 and its analogues could be developed into promising antibiotic candidates for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanmei Gou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Mou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kairong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenle Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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López J, Romero-Moreno R, Márquez-González M, Losada A. Anger and health in dementia caregivers: exploring the mediation effect of optimism. Stress Health 2015; 31:158-65. [PMID: 24123699 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies indicate a negative association between caregivers' anger and health, the potential mechanisms linking this relationship are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mediating role of optimism in the relationship between anger and caregivers' physical health. Dementia caregivers (n = 108) were interviewed and filled out instruments assessing their anger (reaction), optimism and health (vitality). A mediational model was tested to determine whether optimism partially mediated the relationship between anger and vitality. Angry reaction was negatively associated with optimism and vitality; optimism was positively associated with vitality. Finally, the relationship between angry reaction and vitality decreased when optimism was entered simultaneously. A non-parametric bootstrap approach confirmed that optimism significantly mediated some of the relationship between angry reaction and vitality. These findings suggest that low optimism may help explain the association between caregivers' anger and reduced sense of vitality. The results provide a specific target for intervention with caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López
- Department of Psychology, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Ayub ND, Fox AR, García AN, Mozzicafreddo M, Cuccioloni M, Angeletti M, Pagano E, Soto G. Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 genome-wide mutant screen for resistance to the antimicrobial peptide alfalfa snakin-1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 362:1-6. [PMID: 25670697 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakin-1, a peptide produced by higher plants, has broad-spectrum antibiotic activity, inhibiting organisms ranging from Bacteria to Eukaryotes. However, the mode of action against target organisms is poorly understood. As a first step to elucidate the mechanism, we screened a mutation library of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 in LB and agar medium supplemented with alfalfa snakin-1 (MsSN1). We identified three biofilm formation-related Pseudomonas mutants that showed increased resistance to MsSN1. Genetic, physiological and bioinformatics analysis validated the results of the mutant screens, indicating that bacterial adhesion protein lapA is probably the target of MsSN1. Collectively, these findings suggest that snakin-1 acts on microbial adhesion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás D Ayub
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los reseros S/N, Castelar C25 (1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana R Fox
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los reseros S/N, Castelar C25 (1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Araceli N García
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los reseros S/N, Castelar C25 (1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | | | - Mauro Angeletti
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Elba Pagano
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los reseros S/N, Castelar C25 (1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Soto
- Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret (CICVyA-INTA), De los reseros S/N, Castelar C25 (1712), Buenos Aires, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avda. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Silva GNS, Schuck DC, Cruz LN, Moraes MS, Nakabashi M, Gosmann G, Garcia CRS, Gnoatto SCB. Investigation of antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and action mechanism of piperazine derivatives of betulinic acid. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 20:29-39. [PMID: 25308185 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To semisynthesise piperazine derivatives of betulinic acid to evaluate antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and action mechanism. METHODS The new derivatives were evaluated against the CQ-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain by flow cytometry (FC) using YOYO-1 as stain. Cytotoxicity of 4a and 4b was performed with HEK293T cells for 24 and 48 h by MTT assay. The capability of compound 4a to modulate Ca(2+) in the trophozoite stage was investigated. The trophozoites were stained with Fluo4-AM and analysed by spectrofluorimetry. Effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was tested for 4a by FC with DiOC6 (3) as stain. For β-haematin assay, 4a was incubated for 24 h with reagents such as haemin, and the fluorescence was measured by FlexStation at an absorbance of 405 nm. RESULTS Antimalarial activity of 4a and 4b was IC50 = 1 and 4 μm, respectively. Compound 4a displayed cytotoxicity with IC50 = 69 and 29 μm for 24 and 48 h, respectively, and 4b was not cytotoxic at the tested concentrations. Addition of 4a leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) . We have measured ΔΨm after treating parasites with the compound. Data on Figure 4a show that mitochondria were not affected. The action mechanism for 4a, inhibition of β-haematin formation (17%), was lower than CQ treatment (83%; IC50 = 3 mm). CONCLUSION Compound 4a showed excellent antimalarial activity, and its action mechanism is involved in Ca(2+) pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria N S Silva
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Plasmodium Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Macedo MLR, Kubo CEG, Freire MGM, Júnior RTA, Parra JRP. Entomocidal effects of beech apricot, Labramia bojeri, seed extract on a soybean pest, the velvetbean moth, Anticarsia gemmatalis, and its enzymatic activity. J Insect Sci 2014; 14:27. [PMID: 25373174 PMCID: PMC4206239 DOI: 10.1093/jis/14.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the beech apricot, Labramia bojeri A. de Candolle (Sapotales: Sapotaceae), seed aqueous extract on the larval development of the velvetbean moth, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was evaluated. The extract inhibited larval development, pupal weight, and survival and emergence of adults. Digestive proteolytic activity in larval midgut and feces extracts was determined. Larvae fed 10 g/L of the aqueous extract showed a significant reduction in trypsin activity (~64%), when compared with control larvae. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were also detected in fecal material in aqueous-extract-fed larvae, with about ~4.5 times more trypsin activity than the controls. The results from dietary utilization experiments with A. gemmatalis larvae showed a reduction in the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food and an increase in approximate digestibility and metabolic cost. The effect of the extract suggests the potential use of L. bojeri seeds to inhibit the development of A. gemmatalis via oral exposure. The L. bojeri extract can be an alternative to other methods of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L R Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Depto. De Tecnologia de Alimentos e Saúde Pública, Naturais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Carlos E G Kubo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Depto. De Tecnologia de Alimentos e Saúde Pública, Naturais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Maria G M Freire
- Laboratório de Química e Biomoléculas, Centro de Pesquisas, ISECENSA, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil; 3 USP/ESALQ -Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, CP 09 - 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto T A Júnior
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Depto. De Tecnologia de Alimentos e Saúde Pública, Naturais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - José R P Parra
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Entomologia. Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 -Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Kawakita K, Okada K. Acupuncture therapy: mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety: a potential intervention for psychogenic disorders? Biopsychosoc Med 2014; 8:4. [PMID: 24444292 PMCID: PMC3996195 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0759-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific bases for the mechanism of action of acupuncture in the treatment of pain and the pathogenic mechanism of acupuncture points are briefly summarized. The efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy is discussed based on the results of German clinical trials. A conclusion on the role for acupuncture in the treatment of psychogenic disorders could not be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawakita
- Department of Physiology, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Hiyoshi-cyo, Nantan-City, Kyoto 629-0392, Japan
| | - Kaoru Okada
- Department of Physiology, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Hiyoshi-cyo, Nantan-City, Kyoto 629-0392, Japan
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Tan Q, Li Y, Wu J, Mei H, Zhao C, Zhang J. An optimized molecular inclusion complex of diferuloylmethane: enhanced physical properties and biological activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 5:5385-93. [PMID: 23091376 PMCID: PMC3471540 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s36404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore and evaluate the enhanced physical properties and biological activity of a molecular inclusion complex (MICDH) comprising diferuloylmethane (DFM) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Methods The preparation conditions of MICDH were optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. The solubility, in vitro release and model fitting, microscopic morphology, molecular structure simulation, anti-lung cancer activity, and action mechanism of MICDH were evaluated. Results The solubility of DFM was improved 4400-fold upon complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. The release rate of DFM was significantly higher from MICDH than from free DFM. MICDH exhibited higher antitumor activity against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells than free DFM. More cells were arrested in the S/G2 phase of the cell cycle or were induced to undergo apoptosis when treated with MICDH than when treated with free DFM. Furthermore, increased reactive oxygen species and intracellular calcium ion levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in cells treated with MICDH. Conclusion MICDH markedly improved the physical properties and antitumor activity of DFM. MICDH may prove to be a preferred alternative to free DFM as a formulation for DFM delivery in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyou Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Tanaka H, Chiba H, Inokoshi J, Kuno A, Sugai T, Takahashi A, Ito Y, Tsunoda M, Suzuki K, Takénaka A, Sekiguchi T, Umeyama H, Hirabayashi J, Ōmura S. Mechanism by which the lectin actinohivin blocks HIV infection of target cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:15633-8. [PMID: 19717426 PMCID: PMC2734881 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907572106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various lectins have attracted attention as potential microbicides to prevent HIV transmission. Their capacity to bind glycoproteins has been suggested as a means to block HIV binding and entry into susceptible cells. The previously undescribed lectin actinohivin (AH), isolated by us from an actinomycete, exhibits potent in vitro anti-HIV activity by binding to high-mannose (Man) type glycans (HMTGs) of gp120, an envelope glycoprotein of HIV. AH contains 114 aa and consists of three segments, all of which need to show high affinity to gp120 for the anti-HIV characteristic. To generate the needed mechanistic understanding of AH binding to HIV in anticipation of seeking approval for human testing as a microbicide, we have used multiple molecular tools to characterize it. AH showed a weak affinity to Man alpha(1-2)Man, Man alpha(1-2)Man alpha(1-2)Man, of HMTG (Man8 or Man9) or RNase B (which has a single HMTG), but exhibited a strong and highly specific affinity (K(d) = 3.4 x 10(-8) M) to gp120 of HIV, which contains multiple Man8 and/or Man9 units. We have compared AH to an alternative lectin, cyanovirin-N, which did not display similar levels of discrimination between high- and low-density HMTGs. X-ray crystal analysis of AH revealed a 3D structure containing three sugar-binding pockets. Thus, the strong specific affinity of AH to gp120 is considered to be due to multivalent interaction of the three sugar-binding pockets with three HMTGs of gp120 via the "cluster effect" of lectin. Thus, AH is a good candidate for investigation as a safe microbicide to help prevent HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsushi Kuno
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; and
| | | | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaru Tsunoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy and College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Kaoru Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Akio Takénaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sekiguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University, Iwaki, Fukushima 970-8551, Japan
| | | | - Jun Hirabayashi
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; and
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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