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España A, Sanz ML, Sola J, Gil P. Wells' syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis): correlation between clinical activity, eosinophil levels, eosinophil cation protein and interleukin-5. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140:127-30. [PMID: 10215782 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wells' syndrome (WS) (eosinophilic cellulitis) is characterized by the presence of oedematous skin lesions associated with eosinophilia of the tissues. It has recently been observed that in patients with this disease, increased eosinophil cation protein (ECP) and interleukin (IL) -5 can be detected in peripheral blood, with T lymphocytes that have mRNA for this lymphokine. We present a patient with WS in whom we found a close correlation between clinical activity, eosinophils in blood and bone marrow, and ECP and IL-5 levels in peripheral blood and tissues. We underline the major part played by IL-5 in this disease.
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Mascaró JM, España A, Liu Z, Ding X, Swartz SJ, Fairley JA, Diaz LA. Mechanisms of acantholysis in pemphigus vulgaris: role of IgG valence. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1997; 85:90-6. [PMID: 9325074 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1997.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a dermatosis mediated by autoantibodies against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). It was known that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of PV IgG and PV F(ab')2, but not of PV Fab, into neonatal mice reproduced the key features of the disease in these animals. It was proposed that crosslinking of antigen by bivalent PV autoantibodies may trigger acantholysis in PV. In the present study, we have used subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of PV IgG and its proteolytic fragments into neonatal mice to test equimolar amounts of these autoantibody fractions. Mice developed clinical and histological features of PV in a dose-dependent manner following a similar time course. PV IgG and Fab fractions induced acantholysis as early as 2 hr after the injection. It was also demonstrated that sc injections of PV Fab were more effective in inducing disease than ip injections. PV autoantibodies may bind an "adhesive site" of Dsg3 and impair its function, thus triggering acantholysis.
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España A, Diaz LA, Mascaró JM, Giudice GJ, Fairley JA, Till GO, Liu Z. Mechanisms of acantholysis in pemphigus foliaceus. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1997; 85:83-9. [PMID: 9325073 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1997.4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is a dermatosis characterized by subcorneal vesicles and pathogenic IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein 1. PF IgG passively transferred into neonatal mice induces a blistering disease that duplicates the key findings of PF. In this study we have used this animal model to investigate the role of complement and IgG valence in triggering blister formation. In the passive transfer experiments, we found that PF IgG, as well as the F(ab')2 and Fab fragments, was capable of inducing the typical subcorneal blistering disease in both complement-deficient and complement-sufficient mice. Moreover, the disease activity in these mice correlated well with the dose of IgG or its proteolytic fragments injected in the animals. We conclude that neither complement activation nor IgG-mediated cell surface antigen crosslinking is required for the induction of acantholysis in the experimental PF model.
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Redondo P, García-Foncillas J, España A, Cuevillas F, Quintanilla E. Differential modulation of IL-8 and TNF-alpha expression in human keratinocytes by buflomedil chlorhydrate and pentoxifylline. Exp Dermatol 1997; 6:186-94. [PMID: 9293391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1997.tb00204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative used in a wide range of dermatoses. As well as its hemorrheologic activity, PTX has anti-inflammatory properties. Buflomedil chlorhydrate (BC) is another hemorrheological drug with peripheral vasodilatory action, whose clinical uses are similar to those of PTX. Both drugs increase intracellular levels of cAMP, either secondary to phosphodiesterase inhibition (PTX) or adenyl-cyclase stimulation (BC). Long-term cultures of normal human keratinocytes were prepared in a free-serum medium, and stimulated with 1 mg/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and PTX or BC (100-1000 micrograms/ml). Levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-8 and TGF-beta 1 using ELISA and Northern blot or RT-PCR techniques were measured. TPA-induced TNF-alpha and IL-8 release from keratinocytes. TPA did not induce IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta release of keratinocytes. TPA increased RNA expression of the TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-8 and TGF-beta 1. BC diminished TPA-induced TNF-alpha and IL-8 release from keratinocytes; in the case of IL-8 it is possible that this inhibition occur to transcriptional level. Moreover PTX was unable to inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-8 synthesis and expression. PTX and BC reduced TPA-induced IL-1 alpha and beta expression. It is possible that BC action is specifically exerted on keratinocytes, because we did not find similar results with TNF-alpha and IL-8 synthesis in mononuclear peripheral blood cells.
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Vicente J, España A. Palpebral oedema associated with sensitization to cobalt in a dental prosthesis. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136:971-2. [PMID: 9217841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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56
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Azaña JM, de Misa RF, Harto A, Ledo A, España A. Severe pemphigus foliaceus treated with extracorporeal photochemotherapy. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1997; 133:287-9. [PMID: 9080888 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.1997.03890390021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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57
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Lin MS, Mascaró JM, Liu Z, España A, Diaz LA. The desmosome and hemidesmosome in cutaneous autoimmunity. Clin Exp Immunol 1997; 107 Suppl 1:9-15. [PMID: 9020929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal blister formation is the hallmark of three cutaneous autoimmune diseases: pemphigus foliaceous (PF), pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). In PF and PV, blistering is due to acantholysis (cell-cell detachment) in the subcorneal and suprabasal epidermal layers, respectively, while BP is characterized by detachment of the basal epidermal cells from the underlying dermis. For several years, we have focused our research efforts on elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms operating in these bullous diseases. Early studies performed by our research group and others revealed that in all three diseases, the patients produce autoantibodies that bind to target antigens located on the surface of cells that are undergoing detachment. Thus it was hypothesized that these anti-epidermal autoantibodies played a role in initiating blister formation. We recognized that elucidating the normal mechanisms of epidermal cell-cell and cell-dermis adhesion would help us understand the abnormal epidermal cell detachment seen in these patients. We hypothesized that under normal conditions these adhesive mechanisms in the epidermis are complex and dynamic and mediated by the interaction of cell surface molecules unique to each layer of the epidermis. Also, we postulated that PV, PF and BP autoantibodies may cause cell detachment by impairing the function of their respective epidermal cell surfaces. Support for this hypothesis has come from recent studies which showed that PV and PF autoantibodies recognize distinct, yet related, desmosomal glycoproteins in the cadherin family of calcium-dependent adhesion molecules. The epidermal antigen in PV is desmoglein-3 (dsg3), while in PF it is desmoglein-1 (dsg1). These anti-epidermal autoantibodies have been shown to be pathogenic in passive transfer experiments. Neonatal mice injected with these antibodies develop intraepidermal blisters characteristic of the corresponding human disease. Autoantibodies in BP react with BP180 and BP230, two major components of the hemidesmosome, a cell structure involved in dermal-epidermal adhesion. Recent passive transfer mouse model studies performed in our laboratory have shown that anti-BP180 antibodies can induce subepidermal blistering in the experimental animals. Moreover, the pathogenic mechanism was shown to be dependent on complement activation and recruitment of neutrophils to the dermal-epidermal junction. In conclusion, desmosomal glycoproteins are the targets of autoimmune injury in PV and PF. The anti-epidermal autoantibodies may cause intraepidermal blisters by impairing the function of dsg1 and dsg3. In BP the hemidesmosome is the target. It appears that antiBP180 antibodies cause subepidermal blister formation by triggering a complement- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory process.
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Redondo P, García-Foncillas J, Cuevillas F, España A, Quintanilla E. Effects of low concentrations of cis- and trans-urocanic acid on cytokine elaboration by keratinocytes. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 1996; 12:237-43. [PMID: 9181608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.1996.tb00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The urocanic acid cis isomer (cis-UCA) is a possible cutaneous photoreceptor for the immunomodulatory phenomena that follow ultraviolet B irradiation. Several experiments in animals show an inhibitory action of cis-UCA on cellular immunity. However, the action of cis-UCA on the synthesis of cytokines in keratinocytes remains unknown. Long-term cultures of normal human keratiocytes were prepared in a serum-free medium, and stimulated with 1 microgram/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and UCA or UVB-UCA (10-100 micrograms/ml). Synthesis of the following cytokines was measured using ELISA and Northern blot techniques: TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-beta 1. TPA increased TNF-alpha protein levels in culture supernatants. No changes in Il-1 alpha and IL-1 beta protein levels were detected in basal culture supernatant after TPA stimulus. TPA augmented RNA expression for TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and TGF-beta 1. UCA isomers did not induce cytokine changes in protein synthesis. Expression of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta genes was increased after exposure to 100 micrograms/ml UVB-UCA (70 micrograms/ml cis-UCA). A slight increase in TNF-alpha RNA expression was detected when the dose of UVB-UCA reached 100 micrograms/ml. No effects on cytokine synthesis were found after UCA stimulus. These results suggest that low doses of cis-UCA do not effect cytokine synthesis by keratinocytes.
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Redondo P, Vicente J, España A, Subira ML, De Felipe I, Quintanilla E. Photo-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by clobazam. Br J Dermatol 1996; 135:999-1002. [PMID: 8977728 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening disease, the pathogenesis of which remains largely unknown. We describe a 23-year-old woman under treatment with clobazam who developed lesions of TEN in light-exposed areas. Patch and photopatch tests with clobazam were negative. The cellular phenotype and cytokines were studied in blister fluid. The cellular infiltrate was composed mainly of T lymphocytes with a predominant cytotoxic phenotype. There was an increase in the level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in blister fluid compared with the control (a patient with bullous pemphigoid).
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Vicente J, España A, Idoate M, Iglesias ME, Quintanilla E. Are eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy and infantile acropustulosis the same entity? Br J Dermatol 1996; 135:807-9. [PMID: 8977688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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61
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Fernandez-Gonzalez AL, España A, Redondo P. Solid tumors after heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1996; 62:943-4. [PMID: 8784049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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62
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Redondo P, Idoate M, España A, Quintanilla E. Pruritus ani in an elderly man. Extramammary Paget's disease. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1995; 131:952-3, 955-6. [PMID: 7632071 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.131.8.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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63
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Sola MA, España A, Redondo P, Idoate MA, Fernandez AL, Llorens R, Quintanilla E. Transfusion-associated acute graft-versus-host disease in a heart transplant recipient. Br J Dermatol 1995; 132:626-30. [PMID: 7748758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a heart transplant recipient who developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following blood transfusion. We consider that heart transplant recipients should be included in the category of immunosuppressed patients who may develop this disease after being treated with blood products. We also consider that, at the present time, irradiation of blood products is the only useful method of avoiding development of GVHD in these patients.
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España A, Redondo P, Fernández AL, Zabala M, Herreros J, Llorens R, Quintanilla E. Skin cancer in heart transplant recipients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32:458-65. [PMID: 7868716 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(95)90069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of skin cancer in organ transplant recipients is high, up to 15%. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the incidence of skin cancer in patients who underwent immunosuppression after heart transplantation and to determine the factors important in the appearance of skin cancer. METHODS We studied the frequency of skin cancer in 92 of 111 patients after they underwent heart transplantation between January 1984 and December 1993. RESULTS At least one cutaneous neoplasm (squamous cell carcinoma and/or basal cell carcinoma) developed in 14 patients (15.2%). The basal cell carcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma ratio was 1:1.5. The skin cancer appeared an average of 31.5 months after transplantation; the average was 36 months for squamous cell carcinoma and 25.3 months for basal cell carcinoma. Cumulative risk rose from 4.3% at 1 year up to 43.8% at 7 years after transplantation. The overall incidence of both types of skin cancer was 45.3 per 1000 posttransplant person-years, with an incidence of 25.8 for basal cell carcinoma and 29.1 for squamous cell carcinoma. Most skin cancers developed between 2 and 3 years after transplantation. All patients were exposed to a significant amount of ultraviolet radiation and had skin type II or III. We did not find a significant association between skin cancer and haplotype HLA-A3, HLA-A11, HLA-DR, and the number of mismatches for HLA-B. CONCLUSION We found an increased progressive cumulative incidence of skin cancer in heart transplant recipients for two reasons: (1) immunosuppression and increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation in some patients, and (2) the skin type of certain patients. We emphasize the need for photoprotection in this group of patients and regular skin cancer screening examinations.
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Iglesias ME, España A, Redondo P, Quintanilla E. Fixed drug eruption secondary to ondansetron. Dermatology 1995; 191:270-1. [PMID: 8534955 DOI: 10.1159/000246564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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66
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Redondo P, España A, Idoate M, Sánchez-Ibarrola A, Quintanilla E. Unusual bullous disorder with features of toxic epidermal necrolysis, bullous pemphigoid and cicatricial pemphigoid. Clin Exp Dermatol 1995; 20:65-9. [PMID: 7671403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1995.tb01289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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67
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Serna MJ, España A, Idoate MA, Quintanilla E. Lichenoid papular eruption in a child. Frictional lichenoid dermatitis of childhood (FLDC). ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1994; 130:106-7, 109-10. [PMID: 8285727 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.130.1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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68
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España A, Sánchez-Yus E, Serna MJ, Redondo P, Robledo A, Quintanilla E. Chronic balanitis with palisading granuloma: an atypical genital localization of necrobiosis lipoidica responsive to pentoxifylline. Dermatology 1994; 188:222-5. [PMID: 8186513 DOI: 10.1159/000247144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of necrobiosis lipoidica located on the glans penis of a patient without diabetes mellitus. Both clinical and histologic features favor the diagnosis of necrobiosis lipoidica, even though the location is unusual. Treatment with pentoxifylline was effective. The differential diagnosis is discussed.
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Iglesias ME, España A, Idoate MA, Quintanilla E. Generalized skin reaction following tinea pedis (dermatophytids). J Dermatol 1994; 21:31-4. [PMID: 8157818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1994.tb01406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An 11-year-old boy presented with inflamed tinea pedis followed by a generalized id type skin eruption, with disappearance of the rash after treatment of the mycotic foot lesions. The pathogenesis of this process is not precisely known. Fungal infection was not detected from the generalized skin lesions. Various clinical forms of dermatophytid reaction are discussed.
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Indart F, España A, Idoate MA, Lucas I, Quintanilla E. A cutaneous lesion associated with primary polymyositis. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 1993; 129:1207-8. [PMID: 8363414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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71
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72
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Redondo P, España A, Herrero JI, Quiroga J, Cienfuegos JA, Azanza JR, Prieto J. Graft-versus-host disease after liver transplantation. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 29:314-7. [PMID: 8340506 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(93)70184-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of graft-versus-host disease that developed in the recipient of an orthotopic liver transplant. A maculopapular eruption developed on postoperative day 25. After the diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease was made aggressive therapy was instituted, which resulted in a complete recovery.
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Ruiz de Erenchun F, España A, Idoate MA, Quintanilla E. Cutaneous metastases from a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Acta Derm Venereol 1993; 73:154-5. [PMID: 8103268 DOI: 10.2340/0001555573154155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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74
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España A, Serna MJ, Rubio M, Redondo P, Quintanilla E. Secondary urticaria due to toxocariasis: possibly caused by ingesting raw cattle meat? J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1993; 3:51-2. [PMID: 8281331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin affectation in patients infected by Toxocara spp. is rare even in endemic regions. We present a case of a patient that consulted us for a urticarial process and a personal history of eating rat cattle meat. After several studies, the diagnosis of secondary urticaria due to Toxocara spp. infection was made. Improvement of the symptoms was observed after treatment with thiabendazole.
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Abstract
Perianal basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare tumour and only a few case reports can be found in the literature. In this location, it is important to differentiate a BCC from a basaloid cloacogenic carcinoma, as the first is an invasive but localized tumour, while the second has a high capacity for metastasis.
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