Colon adenocarcinoma and solitary tibia metastasis: rare entity

INTRODUCTION

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Mostly, death occurs with complications of distant metastases.

DISCUSSION

Effective systemic chemotherapy regimen and resultant improved survival for patients are associated with an increased incidence of metastases at uncommon sites. Therefore, incidences of osseous metastases are rising at the last decade. Osseous metastases are mostly diffuse, along with visceral metastases.

CONCLUSION

Most common osseous metastatic sites are lumbal, sacral vertebrae, and pelvis region, probably because of colonic anatomical proximity to the paravertebral venous plexus. Herein, we report an uncommon case of isolated solitary tibia metastasis in the colorectal cancer patient and management of disease course.

Treatability of cefazolin antibiotic formulation effluent with O3 and O3/H2O2 processes

The effect of applying ozonation and perozonation to antibiotic cefazolin-Na formulation effluents were investigated in this study. Twenty minutes of ozonation at a rate of 1,500 mg/L-h was observed to remove COD by 38%, whereas a COD removal efficiency of 40% was achieved via H2O2 enhanced ozonation (same conditions + 31.25 mM H2O2). Both of the pretreatment alternatives were monitored to elevate the BOD5/COD ratio from 0.01 to 0.08. The initially inert COD was reduced by 38% using ozonation and by 60% employing H2O2 enhanced ozonation. In terms of the lowest achievable effluent COD levels after bio-treatment, ozonation was observed to yield a residual COD of 205 mgL(-1), while a residual COD of 135 mgL(-1) was involved for perozonation. According to the results of acute toxicity on Phaedactylum tricornutum, ozonated and perozonated samples exhibited more toxicity than the untreated effluent after 4 days. The activated sludge inhibition test demonstrated that both of the pretreatment alternatives efficiently eliminated the inhibition of investigated formulation effluent.

P53 mutations and other prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE

Tumor stage, histological pattern, cell type, diameter and cell ploidy are the factor that have been proposed for predicting the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is a wide variation in the reported incidence of p53 mutation in RCC, and its prognostic significance for this tumor is unknown. We investigated the prognostic value of p53 mutations among other prognostic factors.

PATIENTS AND METHOD

We evaluated the stages, tumor diameters, histological grades, cellular patterns and the presence of mutant p53 protein in 50 cases of RCC. The survival function of each parameter was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests, and the significance of each parameter on survival was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

The p53 mutation incidence was 20% in the RCC cases included in the study (n = 50). The survival rates of stages pT(2), pT(3) and pT(2-3)N+ were 87.8, 61.0 and 0%, respectively (p = 0.0462). The survival analysis of grade 1-2 and grade 3-4 tumors revealed 92.3 and 51.5% survival rates, respectively (p = 0.002). The survival rates of mutant p53+ and mutant p53- cases were 33.3 and 84.2%, respectively (p = 0.0027). The logistic regression test analysis demonstrated that tumor grade, tumor stage and mutant p53 positivity status were the most significant prognostic factors (p < 0.03). The survival rates of mutant p53+ and p53- cases at stages pT(2), pT(3) and pT(2-3)N+ were 66.67 versus 91.48%, 33.3 versus 71.43% and 0 versus 100%, respectively (p = 0.0392). A similar finding was present at each stage for cellular grades (p = 0.0093). The survival rates of mutant p53+ and p53- cases for grades 3 and 4 were 33.33 and 74.48%, respectively (p = 0.2731).

CONCLUSION

Our results suggested that many parameters can affect survival of RCC cases, but among these, tumor grade, tumor stage and p53 mutation status are the most important prognostic factors, but p53 mutation status and cellular grade can afford additional prognostic information at each stage.

A large primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra

We present a case of large, primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra with poor prognosis in this case report. Malignant melanoma is one of the rare tumors of the female urethra and accounts for 0.2% of all malignant melanoma cases. Large (5.6 cm in diameter), primary malignant melanoma of the female urethra is exceedingly rare.