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Stueber P, Wissel T, Wagner B, Bruder R, Schweikard A, Ernst F. SU-E-J-206: A Comparison of Different Hardware Design Approaches for Feature-Supported Optical Head-Tracking with Respect to Angular Dependencies. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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52
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Kuhlemann I, Bruder R, Ernst F, Schweikard A. WE-G-BRF-09: Force- and Image-Adaptive Strategies for Robotised Placement of 4D Ultrasound Probes. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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53
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Ansari R, Myrtus C, Aherrahrou R, Erdmann J, Schweikard A, Hüttmann G. Ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:45-7. [PMID: 24365818 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present an ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy (SD-OCPM) system that combines submicrometer transverse spatial resolution and subnanometer optical path length sensitivity, with an acquisition speed of over 217,000 voxels/s. The proposed SD-OCPM system overcomes two significant drawbacks of traditional common-path interferometers-limited transverse spatial resolution and suboptimal detection sensitivity-while maintaining phase stability that is comparable with common-path interferometer setups. The transverse and axial spatial resolution of the setup is measured to be 0.6 and 1.9 μm, respectively, with a phase sensitivity of 0.0027 rad (corresponds to optical path length sensitivity of 110 pm). High-speed acquisition allows for phase-sensitive 4D imaging of biological samples with subcellular resolution.
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Weiss P, Heyer L, Munte TF, Heldmann M, Schweikard A, Maehle E. Towards a parameterizable exoskeleton for training of hand function after stroke. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2013; 2013:6650505. [PMID: 24187320 DOI: 10.1109/icorr.2013.6650505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the mechanical design, actuation and sensing of an exoskeleton for hand function training after stroke. The frame is 3D-printed in one piece including the joints. Apart from saving assembly time, this enables parametrization of the link sizes in order to adapt it to the patient's hand and reduce joint misalignment. The joint angles are determined using Hall effect sensors. They measure the change of the magnetic field of in the joints integrated magnets achieving an average accuracy of 1.25 °. Tendons attached to the finger tips transmit forces from motors. The armature current, which is proportional to the force transmitting tendons is measured using a shunt and controlled by a custom-made current-limiter circuit. Preliminary experiments with a force/torque-sensor showed high linearity and accuracy with a root mean square error of 0.5937 N in comparison to the corresponding forces derived from the motor torque constant.
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Blanck O, Bode F, Gebhard M, Hunold P, Brandt S, Bruder R, Schweikard A, Grossherr M, Rades D, Dunst J. Cardiac Radiosurgery: Preliminary Results in a Porcine Model and Possible Implications for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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56
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Wissel T, Bruder R, Schweikard A. Skin Thickness Estimation for High Precession Optical Head Tracking During Cranial Radiation Therapy: A Simulation Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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57
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Amengual JL, Marco-Pallarés J, Richter L, Oung S, Schweikard A, Mohammadi B, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Münte TF. Tracking post-error adaptation in the motor system by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuroscience 2013; 250:342-51. [PMID: 23876325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The commission of an error triggers cognitive control processes dedicated to error correction and prevention. Post-error adjustments leading to response slowing following an error ("post-error slowing"; PES) might be driven by changes in excitability of the motor regions and the corticospinal tract (CST). The time-course of such excitability modulations of the CST leading to PES is largely unknown. To track these presumed excitability changes after an error, single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the motor cortex ipsilateral to the responding hand, while participants were performing an Eriksen flanker task. A robotic arm with a movement compensation system was used to maintain the TMS coil in the correct position during the experiment. Magnetic pulses were delivered over the primary motor cortex ipsilateral to the active hand at different intervals (150, 300, 450 ms) after correct and erroneous responses, and the motor-evoked potentials (MEP) of the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere were recorded. MEP amplitude was increased 450 ms after the error. Two additional experiments showed that this increase was neither associated to the correction of the erroneous responses nor to the characteristics of the motor command. To the extent to which the excitability of the motor cortex ipsi- and contralateral to the response hand are inversely related, these results suggest a decrease in the excitability of the active motor cortex after an erroneous response. This modulation of the activity of the CST serves to prevent further premature and erroneous responses. At a more general level, the study shows the power of the TMS technique for the exploration of the temporal evolution of post-error adjustments within the motor system.
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Metzner C, Schweikard A, Zurowski B. Center-surround interactions in a network model of layer 4Cα of primary visual cortex. BMC Neurosci 2013. [PMCID: PMC3704710 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-s1-p435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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59
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Wissel T, Bruder R, Schweikard A, Ernst F. Estimating soft tissue thickness from light-tissue interactions--a simulation study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:1176-1187. [PMID: 23847741 PMCID: PMC3704097 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization and marker-based motion tracking in radiation therapy often cause decreased patient comfort. However, the more comfortable alternative of optical surface tracking is highly inaccurate due to missing point-to-point correspondences between subsequent point clouds as well as elastic deformation of soft tissue. In this study, we present a proof of concept for measuring subcutaneous features with a laser scanner setup focusing on the skin thickness as additional input for high accuracy optical surface tracking. Using Monte-Carlo simulations for multi-layered tissue, we show that informative features can be extracted from the simulated tissue reflection by integrating intensities within concentric ROIs around the laser spot center. Training a regression model with a simulated data set identifies patterns that allow for predicting skin thickness with a root mean square error of down to 18 µm. Different approaches to compensate for varying observation angles were shown to yield errors still below 90 µm. Finally, this initial study provides a very promising proof of concept and encourages research towards a practical prototype.
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Bruder R, Duerichen R, Davenport L, Wissel T, Ernst F, Schweikard A. SU-E-J-153: Correlation and Variation of a Multi-Modal Sensor Setup for Respiratory Motion Prediction and Correlation. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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61
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Bruder R, Ipsen S, Jauer P, Ernst F, Blanck O, Schweikard A. MO-D-144-02: Ultrasound Transducer Localization Using the CyberKnife's X-Ray System. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kantelhardt SR, Finke M, Schweikard A, Giese A. Evaluation of a completely robotized neurosurgical operating microscope. Neurosurgery 2013; 72 Suppl 1:19-26. [PMID: 23254808 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e31827235f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Operating microscopes are essential for most neurosurgical procedures. Modern robot-assisted controls offer new possibilities, combining the advantages of conventional and automated systems. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the prototype of a completely robotized operating microscope with an integrated optical coherence tomography module. METHODS A standard operating microscope was fitted with motors and control instruments, with the manual control mode and balance preserved. In the robot mode, the microscope was steered by a remote control that could be fixed to a surgical instrument. External encoders and accelerometers tracked microscope movements. The microscope was additionally fitted with an optical coherence tomography-scanning module. RESULTS The robotized microscope was tested on model systems. It could be freely positioned, without forcing the surgeon to take the hands from the instruments or avert the eyes from the oculars. Positioning error was about 1 mm, and vibration faded in 1 second. Tracking of microscope movements, combined with an autofocus function, allowed determination of the focus position within the 3-dimensional space. This constituted a second loop of navigation independent from conventional infrared reflector-based techniques. In the robot mode, automated optical coherence tomography scanning of large surface areas was feasible. CONCLUSION The prototype of a robotized optical coherence tomography-integrated operating microscope combines the advantages of a conventional manually controlled operating microscope with a remote-controlled positioning aid and a self-navigating microscope system that performs automated positioning tasks such as surface scans. This demonstrates that, in the future, operating microscopes may be used to acquire intraoperative spatial data, volume changes, and structural data of brain or brain tumor tissue.
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Ernst F, Dürichen R, Schlaefer A, Schweikard A. Evaluating and comparing algorithms for respiratory motion prediction. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:3911-29. [PMID: 23681310 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/11/3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Richter L, Trillenberg P, Schweikard A, Schlaefer A. Stimulus Intensity for Hand Held and Robotic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Brain Stimul 2013; 6:315-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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65
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Richter L, Neumann G, Oung S, Schweikard A, Trillenberg P. Optimal coil orientation for transcranial magnetic stimulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60358. [PMID: 23593200 PMCID: PMC3623976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the impact of coil orientation on the motor threshold (MT) and present an optimal coil orientation for stimulation of the foot. The result can be compared to results of models that predict this orientation from electrodynamic properties of the media in the skull and from orientations of cells, respectively. We used a robotized TMS system for precise coil placement and recorded motor-evoked potentials with surface electrodes on the abductor hallucis muscle of the right foot in 8 healthy control subjects. First, we performed a hot-spot search in standard (lateral) orientation and then rotated the coil in steps of 10° or 20°. At each step we estimated the MT. For navigated stimulation and for correlation with the underlying anatomy a structural MRI scan was obtained. Optimal coil orientation was 33.1±18.3° anteriorly in relation to the standard lateral orientation. In this orientation the threshold was 54±18% in units of maximum stimulator output. There was a significant difference of 8.0±5.9% between the MTs at optimal and at standard orientation. The optimal coil orientations were significantly correlated with the direction perpendicular to the postcentral gyrus (). Robotized TMS facilitates sufficiently precise coil positioning and orientation to study even small variations of the MT with coil orientation. The deviations from standard orientation are more closely matched by models based on field propagation in media than by models based on orientations of pyramidal cells.
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Durichen R, Davenport L, Bruder R, Wissel T, Schweikard A, Ernst F. Evaluation of the potential of multi-modal sensors for respiratory motion prediction and correlation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:5678-5681. [PMID: 24111026 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In modern robotic radiotherapy, precise radiation of moving tumors is possible by tracking external optical surrogates. The surrogates are used to compensate for time delays and to predict internal landmarks using a correlation model. The correlation depends significantly on the surrogate position and breathing characteristics of the patient. In this context, we aim to increase the accuracy and robustness of prediction and correlation models by using a multi-modal sensor setup. Here, we evaluate the correlation coefficient of a strain belt, an acceleration and temperature sensor (air flow) with respect to external optical sensors and one internal landmark in the liver, measured by 3D ultrasound. The focus of this study is the influence of breathing artefacts, like coughing and harrumphing. Evaluating seven subjects, we found a strong decrease of the correlation for all modalities in case of artefacts. The results indicate that no precise motion compensation during these times is possible. Overall, we found that apart from the optical markers, the strain belt and temperature sensor data show the best correlation to external and internal motion.
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Trillenberg P, Bremer S, Oung S, Erdmann C, Schweikard A, Richter L. Variation of stimulation intensity in transcranial magnetic stimulation with depth. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 211:185-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Richter L, Bruder R, Schweikard A. Calibration of force/torque and acceleration for an independent safety layer in medical robotic systems. Cureus 2012. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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69
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Metzner C, Guth F, Schweikard A, Zurowski B. Spike-timing dependent plasticity facilitates excitatory/inhibitory disbalances in early phases of tinnitus manifestation. BMC Neurosci 2012. [PMCID: PMC3403531 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-s1-p1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Krause J, Blanck O, Duerichen R, Wurster S, Andratschke N, Rades D, Hildebrandt G, Dunst J, Schweikard A, Schlaefer A. TH-A-BRA-08: Retrospective Accuracy Estimation for Motion Compensated Robotic Radiosurgery of the Liver. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4736257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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71
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Blanck O, Dürichen R, Ernst F, Dunst J, Rades D, Hildebrandt G, Schweikard A. OC-0022 EVALUATION OF A WAVELET-BASED LEAST MEAN SQUARE MOTION PREDICTION ALGORITHM FOR LUNG AND LIVER PATIENTS. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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72
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Ernst F, Richter L, Matthäus L, Martens V, Bruder R, Schlaefer A, Schweikard A. Non-orthogonal tool/flange and robot/world calibration. Int J Med Robot 2012; 8:407-20. [DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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73
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Matthäus L, Binder N, Bodensteiner C, Schweikard A. Closed-form inverse kinematic solution for fluoroscopic C-arms. Adv Robot 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855307780851957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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74
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Finke M, Kantelhardt S, Schlaefer A, Bruder R, Lankenau E, Giese A, Schweikard A. Automatic scanning of large tissue areas in neurosurgery using optical coherence tomography. Int J Med Robot 2012; 8:327-36. [PMID: 22911978 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With its high spatial and temporal resolution, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an ideal modality for intra-operative imaging. One possible application is to detect tumour invaded tissue in neurosurgery, e.g. during complete resection of glioblastoma. Ideally, the whole resection cavity is scanned. However, OCT is limited to a small field of view (FOV) and scanning perpendicular to the tissue surface. METHODS We present a new method to use OCT for scanning of the resection cavity during neurosurgical resection of brain tumours. The main challenges are creating a map of the cavity, scanning perpendicular to the surface and merging the three-dimensional (3D) data for intra-operative visualization and detection of residual tumour cells. RESULTS Our results indicate that the proposed method enables creating high-resolution maps of the resection cavity. An overlay of these maps with the microscope images provides the surgeon with important information on the location of residual tumour tissue underneath the surface. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that it is possible to automatically acquire an OCT image of the complete resection cavity. Overlaying microscopy images with depth information from OCT could lead to improved detection of residual tumour cells.
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Bremer S, Richter L, Oung S, Schweikard A, Trillenberg P. Roboternavigierte Untersuchung der Tiefenabhängigkeit der Reizstärke bei der transkraniellen Magnetstimulation. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1301473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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