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Ichikawa H, Nishie H, Yano S, Komai Y, Yamaguchi H, Nomoto A, Suzuki T, Tanaka M, Shimura T, Mizoshita T, Kubota E, Tanida S, Kataoka H. Antitumor Effect of a Novel Photodynamic Therapy With Acetylated Glucose-conjugated Chlorin for Gastrointestinal Cancers. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:4199-4206. [PMID: 31366506 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We previously synthesized a glucose-conjugated chlorin compound e6 (G-chlorin e6), and reported that it has very strong antitumor effects. The aim of the present study was to synthesize acetylated glucose-conjugated chlorin (AcN003HP) and evaluate its antitumor effect and excretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the antitumor effect of AcN003HP, its IC50 was calculated as well as its accumulation in cancer cells was examined by flow cytometry. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the intracellular localization of AcN003HP. The excretion and antitumor effects of AcN003HP were also evaluated in vivo. RESULTS AcN003HP showed stronger antitumor effects and accumulation into cancer cells compared to talaporfin sodium, a conventional photosensitizer. AcN003HP was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. In a xenograft tumor mouse model, AcN003HP showed longer excretion time from the body than G-chlorin e6, and photodynamic therapy using AcN003HP showed very strong antitumor effects. CONCLUSION The safety, improved controllability, and robust antitumor effects suggest AcN003HP as a good next-generation photosensitizer.
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Dong CP, Kodama S, Nomoto A, Ueshima M, Ogawa A. 4,6-Dihydroxysalicylic Acid-Catalyzed Oxidative Condensation of Benzylic Amines and Aromatic Ketones for the Preparation of 2,4,6-Trisubstituted Pyridines and Its Application to Metal-Free Synthesis of G-Quadruplex Binding Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9029-9040. [PMID: 31459991 PMCID: PMC6648211 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
4,6-Dihydroxysalicylic acid was activated under air to catalyze the one-pot oxidative condensation reaction of benzylamines with acetophenones in the presence of BF3·Et2O, affording 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines in yields of 59-91%. During this metal-free oxidative condensation reaction, the benzylamines not only provided the aryl moiety at the 4-position of the pyridines but also acted as the nitrogen donor. This method can be applied to the metal-free synthesis of G-quadruplex binding ligands by the sequential addition of 4-chlorobutyryl chloride and pyrrolidine to the reaction system of the 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridine synthesis.
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Sato Y, Nishimura M, Kawaguchi SI, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. Reductive Rearrangement of Tetraphenyldiphosphine Disulfide To Trigger the Bisthiophosphinylation of Alkenes and Alkynes. Chemistry 2019; 25:6797-6806. [PMID: 30848860 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of organophosphorus compounds is of great importance for the development of new synthetic methods by using air-stable sources of phosphorus. In this respect, a synthetic method that is based on a reductive rearrangement and is capable of converting air-stable pentavalent phosphorus compounds into reactive trivalent phosphorus compounds is a powerful tool. Tetraphenyldiphosphine disulfide, which is a shelf-stable solid, was the focus of this study, and it was shown to undergo reductive rearrangement to trigger the bisthiophosphinylation of a variety of alkenes, such as terminal, cyclic, internal, and branched alkenes, 1,3-dienes, and terminal alkynes when exposed to light without any catalyst, base, or additive.
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Sato Y, Kawaguchi SI, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. Synthesis of Bis(phosphanyl)alkane Monosulfides by the Addition of Diphosphane Monosulfides to Alkenes under Light. Chemistry 2019; 25:2295-2302. [PMID: 30398679 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bis-phosphanated compounds are regarded as the most ubiquitous privileged ligand structures in transition-metal catalysis. The development of highly atom economical reactions is of great importance for their syntheses because less atom economical methods often require complicated purification procedures under inert atmospheres to remove excess starting materials and byproducts. Herein, the photoinduced addition reactions of diphosphane monosulfides bearing PV (S)-PIII single bonds to alkenes is disclosed. These reactions require only equimolar amounts of the diphosphane monosulfide relative to the alkene and facilitate highly selective introduction of two different types of phosphorus-containing groups, such as thiophosphoryl and phosphanyl groups, into a variety of alkenes without any catalyst, base, or additive.
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Hayashi K, Yamamoto N, Nakajima M, Nomoto A, Tsuji H, Ogawa K, Kamada T. Clinical outcomes of carbon-ion radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:734-741. [PMID: 30467928 PMCID: PMC6361552 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and safety of carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for locally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC) remain unclear. We reported the clinical outcomes of CIRT for LA‐NSCLC. Data for 141 eligible patients who received CIRT between 1995 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Local control (LC), locoregional control (LRC), progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. The median age was 75.0 years. Overall, 21 (14.9%), 57 (40.4%), 43 (30.5%) and 20 (14.2%) patients had T1, T2, T3 and T4 disease, respectively. Moreover, 51 (36.2%), 45 (31.9%), 40 (28.4%) and 5 (3.5%) patients had N0, N1, N2 and N3 disease, respectively. Furthermore, 34 (24.1%), 42 (29.8%), 45 (31.9%) and 20 (14.2%) patients had stages IIA, IIB, IIIA and ΙΙΙB disease, respectively. Overall, 62 (44.0%), 60 (42.6%), 8 (5.7%) and 11 (7.8%) patients had adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and others, respectively. The median dose was 72.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness). No patient received concurrent chemotherapy. Median follow‐up periods were 29.3 (1.6‐207.7) and 40.0 (10.7‐207.7) months for all patients and survivors, respectively. Two‐year LC, PFS and OS rates were 80.3%, 40.2% and 58.7%, respectively. Overall, 1 (0.7%), 5 (3.5%) and 1 (0.7%) patient developed Grades 4 (mediastinal hemorrhage), 3 (radiation pneumonitis) and 3 (bronchial fistula) toxicities, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed adenocarcinoma and N2/3 classification as significant poor prognosticators of PFS. CIRT is an effective treatment with acceptable toxicity for LA‐NSCLC, especially for elderly patients or patients with severe comorbidities who cannot be treated with surgery or chemoradiotherapy.
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Nomoto A, Sakamoto N, Sakai Y, Fukumoto K, Ogura SI, Shouhei K, Kakiuchi K, Kikuchi JI, Yano S, Ogawa A. Synthesis and crystal structures of phenylalanine ester-introduced palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes and their cytotoxicities. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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57
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Dong CP, Nakamura K, Taniguchi T, Mita S, Kodama S, Kawaguchi SI, Nomoto A, Ogawa A, Mizuno T. Synthesis of Aryl Iodides from Arylhydrazines and Iodine. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9814-9821. [PMID: 31459110 PMCID: PMC6645010 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A metal- and base-free method is developed for the synthesis of aryl iodides from arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and iodine. A wide variety of aryl iodides can be conveniently synthesized by an equimolar reaction of arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and I2 in dimethyl sulfoxide at 60 °C for 6 h. In the iodination step, arylhydrazines are oxidized by iodine to form arenediazonium salts, which undergo single-electron transfer from iodide anion to give aryl and iodine radicals; subsequent combination of them affords the corresponding aryl iodides.
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Higashimae S, Kurata D, Kawaguchi SI, Kodama S, Sonoda M, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanothiolation of Internal Alkynes Using Organic Disulfides and tert-Butyl Isocyanide. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5267-5273. [PMID: 29611704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of selective synthetic approaches to multifunctionalized substituted olefins, the cyanothiolation of internal alkynes has been much less explored. Herein, we show that nonactivated internal alkynes can be successfully cyanothiolated with diaryl disulfides and tert-butyl isocyanide in the presence of a Pd catalyst (e.g., Pd(PPh3)4) with the release of isobutene and arenethiol to afford β-thiolated alkenyl cyanides in yields of 34-89%.
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Takahashi W, Nomoto A, Okuma K, Sawayanagi S, Yamashita H, Nakagawa K. EP-1211: High-dose vs conventional radiotherapy for high-grade glioma: A propensity score-matched analysis. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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60
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Nishie H, Kataoka H, Yano S, Kikuchi JI, Hayashi N, Narumi A, Nomoto A, Kubota E, Joh T. A next-generation bifunctional photosensitizer with improved water-solubility for photodynamic therapy and diagnosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74259-74268. [PMID: 27708235 PMCID: PMC5342051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exploits light interactions and photosensitizers to induce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) uses the phenomenon of photosensitizer emitting fluorescence to distinguish some tumors from normal tissue. The standard photosensitizer used for PDD is 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), although it is not entirely satisfactory. We previously reported glucose-conjugated chlorin (G-chlorin) as a more effective photosensitizer than another widely used photosensitizer, talaporfin sodium (TS); however, G-chlorin is hydrophobic. We synthesized oligosaccharide-conjugated chlorin (O-chlorin) with improved water-solubility. We report herein on its accumulation and cytotoxicity. O-chlorin was synthesized and examined for solubility. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate O-chlorin accumulation in cancer cells. To evaluate the intracellular localization of photosensitizer, cells were stained with O-chlorin and organelle-specific fluorescent probes. We then measured the in vitro fluorescence of various photosensitizers and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations to evaluate effects in PDD and PDT, respectively. Xenograft tumor models were established, and antitumor and visibility effects were analyzed. O-chlorin was first shown to be hydrophilic. Flow cytometry then revealed a 20- to 40-times higher accumulation of O-chlorin in cancer cells than of TS, and a 7- to 23-times greater fluorescence than 5-ALA. In vitro, the cytotoxicity of O-chlorin PDT was stronger than that of TS PDT, and O-chlorin tended to accumulate in lysosomes. In vivo, O-chlorin showed the best effect in PDT and PDD compared to other photosensitizers. O-chlorin was hydrophilic and showed excellent tumor accumulation and fluorescence. O-chlorin is promising as a next-generation bifunctional photosensitizer candidate for both PDT and PDD.
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Hu H, Zhu X, Wang C, Zhang L, Li X, Lee S, Huang Z, Chen R, Chen Z, Wang C, Gu Y, Chen Y, Lei Y, Zhang T, Kim N, Guo Y, Teng Y, Zhou W, Li Y, Nomoto A, Sternini S, Zhou Q, Pharr M, di Scalea FL, Xu S. Stretchable ultrasonic transducer arrays for three-dimensional imaging on complex surfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3979. [PMID: 29740603 PMCID: PMC5938227 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic imaging has been implemented as a powerful tool for noninvasive subsurface inspections of both structural and biological media. Current ultrasound probes are rigid and bulky and cannot readily image through nonplanar three-dimensional (3D) surfaces. However, imaging through these complicated surfaces is vital because stress concentrations at geometrical discontinuities render these surfaces highly prone to defects. This study reports a stretchable ultrasound probe that can conform to and detect nonplanar complex surfaces. The probe consists of a 10 × 10 array of piezoelectric transducers that exploit an "island-bridge" layout with multilayer electrodes, encapsulated by thin and compliant silicone elastomers. The stretchable probe shows excellent electromechanical coupling, minimal cross-talk, and more than 50% stretchability. Its performance is demonstrated by reconstructing defects in 3D space with high spatial resolution through flat, concave, and convex surfaces. The results hold great implications for applications of ultrasound that require imaging through complex surfaces.
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Nishie H, Kataoka H, Yano S, Yamaguchi H, Nomoto A, Tanaka M, Kato A, Shimura T, Mizoshita T, Kubota E, Tanida S, Joh T. Excellent antitumor effects for gastrointestinal cancers using photodynamic therapy with a novel glucose conjugated chlorin e6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1204-1209. [PMID: 29408755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exploits the reaction between photosensitizer and irradiated light to generate potentially therapeutic reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen in cancer cells. We have reported several sugar-conjugated chlorins that express stronger antitumor effects in PDT than talaporfin sodium (TS), a second-generation photosensitizer clinically used in Japan. In this study, we developed a novel glucose-conjugated chlorin e6 (G-chlorin e6) and evaluated its antitumor effects. METHODS G-chlorin e6 was synthesized with a core photosensitizer chlorin e6 conjugated to glucose. We measured the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) to compare the PDT effects of G-chlorin e6 and TS, and flow cytometry was performed to examine the accumulation of G-chlorin e6 in cancer cells. We also compared the accumulation of G-chlorin e6 between normal immortalized esophageal epithelial cells and esophageal cancer cells. Antitumor effects of G-chlorin e6 PDT were finally analyzed in allograft tumor mouse models. RESULTS PDT in vitro using G-chlorin e6 elicited 9, 000-34,000 times stronger antitumor effects than TS, and there was 70-190 times more G-chlorin e6 accumulated than TS by flow cytometry. G-chlorin e6 accumulated more selectively in esophageal cancer cells than in esophageal immortalized epithelial cells, and in an allograft model, PDT with G-chlorin e6 showed very strong antitumor effects and a 40% complete response (CR) rate. CONCLUSIONS G-chlorin e6 showed excellent tumor selectivity, and PDT using G-chlorin e6 revealed the strongest anti-tumor effects among all sugar-conjugated chlorins that we have studied. G-chlorin e6 is considered to be the best photosensitizer for next-generation PDT.
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Ogawa A, Kumazawa S, Uematsu A, Dong CP, Kodama S, Nomoto A, Ueshima M. Metal-Free Synthesis of N-Containing Heterocycles from o-Substituted Aniline Derivatives via 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid-Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Benzylamines under Oxygen Atmosphere. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(t)60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kodama S, Saeki T, Mihara K, Higashimae S, Kawaguchi SI, Sonoda M, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. A Benzoyl Peroxide/Diphenyl Diselenide Binary System for Functionalization of Alkynes Leading to Alkenyl and Alkynyl Selenides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12477-12484. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dong CP, Kodama S, Uematsu A, Nomoto A, Ueshima M, Ogawa A. Metal-Free Blue Dye Synthesis: Oxidative Coupling of Benzylamines and N,N-Dimethylanilines to Yield 4,4′-Diaminotriarylmethanes in the Presence of Salicylic Acid as a Co-oxidant. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12530-12538. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Makita Y, Danno T, Ikeda K, Lee HH, Abe T, Sogawa K, Nomoto A, Fujiwara SI, Ogawa A. Synthesis and characterization of a biphenyl-linked hemicryptophane and an endohedral cobalt(II) complex. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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67
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Kawaguchi SI, Nakamura K, Yamaguchi K, Sato Y, Gonda Y, Nishioka M, Sonoda M, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. Front Cover: Hydroiodination-Triggered Cascade Reaction with I 2
/PPh 3
/H 2
O: Metal-Free Access to 3-Substituted Phthalides from 2-Alkynylbenzoates (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 36/2017). European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Taniguchi T, Murata A, Takeda M, Mizuno T, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. Atom‐Economical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diaryl Selenides from Arylhydrazines and Diaryl Diselenides. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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69
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Kawaguchi SI, Nakamura K, Yamaguchi K, Sato Y, Gonda Y, Nishioka M, Sonoda M, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. Hydroiodination-Triggered Cascade Reaction with I2
/PPh3
/H2
O: Metal-Free Access to 3-Substituted Phthalides from 2-Alkynylbenzoates. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kawaguchi SI, Ogawa A, Sato Y, Nomoto A. Photoinduced Coupling Reaction of Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine Oxide with Interelement Compounds: Application to the Synthesis of Thio- or Selenophosphinates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TMDPO) is a radical initiator widely used in the field of macromolecular chemistry, but not often applied in synthetic organic chemistry. We have focused on the use of TMDPO as a phosphorus source in reactions with different
E
–
E
compounds, where
E
–
E
represents a heteroatom–heteroatom bond, under photoirradiation. Interestingly, the cross-coupling reaction between TMDPO and disulfides or diselenides successfully affords thio- or selenophosphinates and thio- or selenoesters, respectively. The synthesis of series of thio- and selenophosphinates by this photoinduced cross-coupling reaction is demonstrated.
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Taniguchi T, Naka T, Imoto M, Takeda M, Nakai T, Mihara M, Mizuno T, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. Transition-Metal-Free and Oxidant-Free Cross-Coupling of Arylhydrazines with Disulfides: Base-Promoted Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Aryl Sulfides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6647-6655. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nawa K, Haga A, Nomoto A, Sarmiento RA, Shiraishi K, Yamashita H, Nakagawa K. Evaluation of a commercial automatic treatment planning system for prostate cancers. Med Dosim 2017; 42:203-209. [PMID: 28549556 DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in Radiation Oncology treatment planning have led to the development of software packages that facilitate automated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning. Such solutions include site-specific modules, plan library methods, and algorithm-based methods. In this study, the plan quality for prostate cancer generated by the Auto-Planning module of the Pinnacle3 radiation therapy treatment planning system (v9.10, Fitchburg, WI) is retrospectively evaluated. The Auto-Planning module of Pinnacle3 uses a progressive optimization algorithm. Twenty-three prostate cancer cases, which had previously been planned and treated without lymph node irradiation, were replanned using the Auto-Planning module. Dose distributions were statistically compared with those of manual planning by the paired t-test at 5% significance level. Auto-Planning was performed without any manual intervention. Planning target volume (PTV) dose and dose to rectum were comparable between Auto-Planning and manual planning. The former, however, significantly reduced the dose to the bladder and femurs. Regression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between volume overlap between bladder and PTV divided by the total bladder volume and resultant V70. The findings showed that manual planning typically exhibits a logistic way for dose constraint, whereas Auto-Planning shows a more linear tendency. By calculating the Akaike information criterion (AIC) to validate the statistical model, a reduction of interoperator variation in Auto-Planning was shown. We showed that, for prostate cancer, the Auto-Planning module provided plans that are better than or comparable with those of manual planning. By comparing our results with those previously reported for head and neck cancer treatment, we recommend the homogeneous plan quality generated by the Auto-Planning module, which exhibits less dependence on anatomic complexity.
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Nakashima K, Uekita T, Yano S, Kikuchi JI, Nakanishi R, Sakamoto N, Fukumoto K, Nomoto A, Kawamoto K, Shibahara T, Yamaguchi H, Sakai R. Novel small molecule inhibiting CDCP1-PKCδ pathway reduces tumor metastasis and proliferation. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1049-1057. [PMID: 28256037 PMCID: PMC5448658 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CUB domain‐containing protein‐1 (CDCP1) is a trans‐membrane protein predominantly expressed in various cancer cells and involved in tumor progression. CDCP1 is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in the intracellular domain by Src family kinases and recruits PKCδ to the plasma membrane through tyrosine phosphorylation‐dependent association with the C2 domain of PKCδ, which in turn induces a survival signal in an anchorage‐independent condition. In this study, we used our cell‐free screening system to identify a small compound, glycoconjugated palladium complex (Pd‐Oqn), which significantly inhibited the interaction between the C2 domain of PKCδ and phosphorylated CDCP1. Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Pd‐Oqn hindered the intercellular interaction of phosphorylated CDCP1 with PKCδ and also suppressed the phosphorylation of PKCδ but not that of ERK or AKT. In addition, Pd‐Oqn inhibited the colony formation of gastric adenocarcinoma 44As3 cells in soft agar as well as their invasion. In mouse models, Pd‐Oqn markedly reduced the peritoneal dissemination of gastric adenocarcinoma cells and the tumor growth of pancreatic cancer orthotopic xenografts. These results suggest that the novel compound Pd‐Oqn reduces tumor metastasis and growth by inhibiting the association between CDCP1 and PKCδ, thus potentially representing a promising candidate among therapeutic reagents targeting protein–protein interaction.
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Kataoka H, Nishie H, Hayashi N, Tanaka M, Nomoto A, Yano S, Joh T. New photodynamic therapy with next-generation photosensitizers. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:183. [PMID: 28616398 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.03.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive antitumor treatment that uses the combination of a photosensitizer, tissue oxygen, and visible light irradiation to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, predominantly singlet oxygen. Currently, first-generation PDT using porfimer sodium with an excimer dye laser, and second-generation PDT using talaporfin sodium PDT with a semiconductor laser are approved by health insurance for use in Japan. However, the cancer cell specificity and selectivity of these treatments are inadequate. Cancer cells consume higher levels of glucose than normal cells and this phenomenon is known as the Warburg effect. Thus, we developed a third-generation PDT, based on the Warburg effect, by synthesizing a novel photosensitizer, sugar-conjugated chlorin, with increased cancer cell-selective accumulation. Glucose-conjugated chlorin (G-chlorin) PDT showed significantly stronger antitumor effects than second-generation talaporfin PDT. We also found that PDT with G-chlorin induced immunogenic cell death which is characterized by the secretion, release, or surface exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including calreticulin (CRT) and the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein. Mannose-conjugated chlorin (M-chlorin) PDT which targets the mannose receptors on the surface of cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cancer tissue stroma also showed very strong antitumor effects. These novel PDTs using glucose or M-chlorins stand as new candidates for very effective, next-generation PDTs.
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Kato A, Kataoka H, Yano S, Hayashi K, Hayashi N, Tanaka M, Naitoh I, Ban T, Miyabe K, Kondo H, Yoshida M, Fujita Y, Hori Y, Natsume M, Murakami T, Narumi A, Nomoto A, Naiki-Ito A, Takahashi S, Joh T. Maltotriose Conjugation to a Chlorin Derivative Enhances the Antitumor Effects of Photodynamic Therapy in Peritoneal Dissemination of Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1124-1132. [PMID: 28292934 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is a major clinical issue associated with dismal prognosis and poor quality of life for patients with pancreatic cancer; however, no effective treatment strategies have been established. Herein, we evaluated the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with maltotriose-conjugated chlorin (Mal3-chlorin) in culture and in a peritoneal disseminated mice model of pancreatic cancer. The Mal3-chlorin was prepared as a water-soluble chlorin derivative conjugated with four Mal3 molecules to improve cancer selectivity. In vitro, Mal3-chlorin showed superior uptake into pancreatic cancer cells compared with talaporfin, which is clinically used. Moreover, the strong cytotoxic effects of PDT with Mal3-chlorin occurred via apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation, whereas Mal3-chlorin alone did not cause any cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. Notably, using a peritoneal disseminated mice model, we demonstrated that Mal3-chlorin accumulated in xenograft tumors and suppressed both tumor growth and ascites formation with PDT. Furthermore, PDT with Mal3-chlorin induced robust apoptosis in peritoneal disseminated tumors, as indicated by immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these findings implicate Mal3-chlorin as a potential next-generation photosensitizer for PDT and the basis of a new strategy for managing peritoneal dissemination of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1124-32. ©2017 AACR.
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