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Guppy-Coles K, McDonald A, White L, Lo A, Atherton J, Prasad S. Discordance in left atrial grading classifications between left atrial area and left atrial indexed volume calculations: impact of new guidelines on chamber quantification. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Scott A, Whitman M, McDonald A, Cross H, Pearson K, Hughes C. Implementation of “Non-physician led exercise stress testing” is effective to create access and optimise patient flow in tertiary, regional and rural hospitals. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Davies G, Aurora P, McDonald A, Prasad A, Bilton D, Stocks J, Stanojevic S. S66 The Gli Spirometry Reference Equations Influence The Apparent Rate Of Decline In Fev1 Among Children And Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Francis-Granderson I, McDonald A, Martine V. Lessons Learned: Evaluation of a School Lunch Program in the Caribbean. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.06.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhou R, Ng A, Weathers R, McDonald A, Leisenring W, Goodman P, Stovall M, Armstrong G, Robison L, Hodgson D. The Evolution of Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma Therapy: Contemporary Protocols Significantly Reduce Radiation Exposure of Normal Tissues. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Seed CR, Lucky TT, Waller D, Wand H, Lee JF, Wroth S, McDonald A, Pink J, Wilson DP, Keller AJ. Compliance with the current 12-month deferral for male-to-male sex in Australia. Vox Sang 2013; 106:14-22. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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McDonald A, Jacob R, Yang E, Dobelbower M, Fiveash J. PSA Response to Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Is an Independent Prognostic Marker and May Identify Patients Who Benefit From Pelvic Lymph Node Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chan ZH, Balakrishnan V, McDonald A. Short versus long-acting local anaesthetic in open carpal tunnel release: which provides better preemptive analgesia in the first 24 hours? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:45-7. [PMID: 23413849 DOI: 10.1142/s0218810413500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Open carpal tunnel release is commonly performed under local anaesthesia. No study has compared intra-operative short- versus long-acting local anaesthetics as preemptive analgesics in carpal tunnel surgery. In this single-blinded prospective study, 100 consecutive carpal tunnel releases were performed by a single surgeon at one institution with either lignocaine (n = 50) or ropivacaine (n = 50). Allocation was performed via the method of alternation. Subjects were given a questionnaire to answer the following: (1) time to first incidence of pain, (2) quality of first night's sleep, and (3) mean numerical pain scores in the first 24 hours. The time to the first postoperative pain was significantly shorter in the lignocaine group (5.58 vs. 9.17 hours, p < 0.035). There were no significant difference in the incidence of poor first night's sleep (16% vs. 26%, p = 0.28) or mean pain scores in the first day (3.6 vs. 2.9, p = 0.16). Existing evidence advocates for long-acting intraoperative local anaesthetic because it results in a longer duration of postoperative analgesia, however, our study suggests that it may also result in a poorer first night's sleep.
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Ismail SA, McDonald A, Dubois E, Aljohani FG, Coutts AP, Majeed A, Rawaf S. Assessing the state of health research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. J R Soc Med 2013; 106:224-33. [PMID: 23761582 DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.2012.120240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Member states across the Eastern Mediterranean region face unprecedented health challenges, buffeted by demographic change, a dual disease burden, rising health costs, and the effects of ongoing conflict and population movements - exacerbated in the near-term by instability arising from recent political upheaval in the Middle East. However, health actors in the region are not well positioned to respond to these challenges because of a dearth of good quality health research. This review presents an assessment of the current state of health research systems across the Eastern Mediterranean based on publicly available literature and data sources. The review finds that - while there have been important improvements in productivity in the Region since the early 1990s - overall research performance is poor with critical deficits in system stewardship, research training and human resource development, and basic data surveillance. Translation of research into policy and practice is hampered by weak institutional and financial incentives, and concerns over the political sensitivity of findings. These problems are attributable primarily to chronic under-investment - both financial and political - in Research and Development systems. This review identifies key areas for a regional strategy and how to address challenges, including increased funding, research capacity-building, reform of governance arrangements and sustained political investment in research support. A central finding is that the poverty of publicly available data on research systems makes meaningful cross-comparisons of performance within the EMR difficult. We therefore conclude by calling for work to improve understanding of health research systems across the region as a matter of urgency.
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McDonald A, Krinsley J. Root cause analysis of hypoglycemic events in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2013. [PMCID: PMC3642840 DOI: 10.1186/cc12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pappo AS, Armstrong GT, Liu W, Srivastava DK, McDonald A, Leisenring WM, Hammond S, Stovall M, Neglia JP, Robison LL. Melanoma as a subsequent neoplasm in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:461-6. [PMID: 22887858 PMCID: PMC3538914 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer survivors have a sixfold increased risk of developing subsequent neoplasms when compared to the general population. We sought to describe the occurrence of melanoma as a subsequent neoplasm among adult survivors of childhood cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 14,358 5-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1986, we calculated the cumulative incidence, standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and absolute excess risk (AER) of subsequent melanoma. Potential risk factors were assessed using a cause-specific hazards model. RESULTS Fifty-seven melanomas (46 invasive, 2 ocular, and 9 in situ) occurred in 51 survivors. The median time to the development of melanoma was 21.0 years (range: 5.6-35.4 years) and the median age at melanoma was 32.3 years (range: 10.9-49.0 years). Initial cancer diagnoses included soft tissue and bone sarcoma (n = 15), leukemia (13), lymphoma (14), central nervous system malignancy (5), Wilms tumor (3), and neuroblastoma (1). The cumulative incidence of first subsequent melanoma at 35 years from initial cancer diagnosis was 0.55% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.73]. The SIR of subsequent invasive malignant melanoma of the skin was 2.42 (95% CI: 1.77-3.23), and the AER was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05-0.15) per 1,000 person-years. No statistically significant associations were found between melanoma risk and family history of cancer, demographic, or treatment-related factors. CONCLUSION Survivors of childhood cancer have an approximate 2.5-fold increased risk of melanoma. Early screening and prevention strategies are warranted.
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Olver IN, Grimison P, Chatfield M, Stockler MR, Toner GC, Gebski V, Harrup R, Underhill C, Kichenadasse G, Singhal N, Davis ID, Boland A, McDonald A, Thomson D. Results of a 7-day aprepitant schedule for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in 5-day cisplatin-based germ cell tumor chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2012; 21:1561-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-012-1696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glazener C, Elders A, MacArthur C, Lancashire RJ, Herbison P, Hagen S, Dean N, Bain C, Toozs-Hobson P, Richardson K, McDonald A, McPherson G, Wilson D. Childbirth and prolapse: long-term associations with the symptoms and objective measurement of pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sissolak G, Dippenaar A, Desai F, Karabus CD, Cruickshank AL, McDonald A. Trauma-related bleeding complications in South African patients with haemophilia. Haemophilia 2012; 18:e405-e407. [PMID: 22994858 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Pickard R, Lam T, MacLennan G, Starr K, Kilonzo M, McPherson G, Gillies K, McDonald A, Walton K, Buckley B, Glazener C, Boachie C, Burr J, Norrie J, Vale L, Grant A, N’Dow J. Types of urethral catheter for reducing symptomatic urinary tract infections in hospitalised adults requiring short-term catheterisation: multicentre randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of antimicrobial- and antiseptic-impregnated urethral catheters (the CATHETER trial). Health Technol Assess 2012. [DOI: 10.3310/hta16470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Veiby P, Zhang J, Yang J, McDonald A, Fasanmade A, Wyant T, Almhanna K, Kalebic T. 329 The Investigational Drug MLN0264 First-in-human, First in Class ADC Targeting GCC: Phase I Dose-escalation Study and Supportive Scientific Rationale. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mowatt L, McDonald A, Ferron-Boothe D. Hospitalization trends in adult ocular trauma at the University Hospital of the West Indies. W INDIAN MED J 2012; 61:605-609. [PMID: 23441355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the epidemiology of ocular trauma in adult patients admitted to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, between January 2000 and December 2005. METHODS Retrospective review of all adult patients admitted with ocular trauma in the UHWI trauma database. RESULTS Three hundred and ninety-seven patients were admitted with ocular trauma during the study period; 35.8% of admissions with ocular trauma were < or = 16 years of age. There were 252 adults (> 17 years old), 21.4% (54/252) were females and 78.6% (198/252) were males. The ratio of males to females was 3.7:1. The median age of the females and males was 32 years (95% CI 27, 35.9) and 33 years (95% CI 30, 35.0), respectively. The hospitalization period ranged from 1-283 days, mean 8.8 days in the males; and ranged from 1-39 days, mean six days in the females. March had the highest mean admissions over the six years. Severe chemical burns were the cause of the longest admissions. The most commonplace of injury was the home (30.2%) followed by in the street (28.2%); only 2% were from recreation. The most common cause of ocular injury was motor vehicle accident in 18.6%. The second most common cause was from nail hammering (14.3%); of this, 97.2% were male. Females (14.8%) were more commonly admitted from chemical injuries than males (11.1%). Of the females, 50% were due to domestic dispute and 50% were accidental bleach spills. CONCLUSION The most common cause of ocular injury was motor vehicle accidents, nail hammering in males and chemical injuries in females. Epidemiological information is important in determining the burden of ocular disease on the population. It is essential in planning improvement in health services and patient education for prevention of serious eye injuries.
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Mowatt L, McDonald A, Ferron-Boothe D. Paediatric ocular trauma admissions to the University Hospital of the West Indies 2000-2005. W INDIAN MED J 2012; 61:598-604. [PMID: 23441354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the epidemiology of paediatric ocular trauma presenting to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Jamaica, between January 2000 and December 2005. METHODS Retrospective review of all paediatric patients (< or = 16 years old) admitted with ocular trauma in the UHWI trauma database. RESULTS Three hundred and ninety-seven patients were admitted with ocular trauma during the study period, 36.5% of admissions were < or = 16 years old. Males comprised 69.6% (101/145) of the paediatric admissions. The mean age was 8.3 years (95% CI 7.2, 9.4) and 8.7 years (95% CI 7.9, 9.4) for the females and males, respectively. The commonest place of injury was in the home: 47.5% and 50% in males and females, respectively Females were more likely to be involved in domestic disputes (4.8%). Stones (20.3%) were the most common causative agent of eye injury in children, only occurring in the 4-16-year old age group. The highest incidence for hospitalization of paediatric eye injury occurred in March and May, with the least admissions occurring in February. Contusions (48.3%) were the most common type of injury. Open globe injuries occurred in 35.9% of cases. Chemical burns were the least common type of injury. The admission period ranged from 1-58 days. The median hospitalization period was five days (95% CI 4.5, 6.0). CONCLUSION Paediatric ocular injury can be age specific. Contusion was the most common ocular injury and males were more likely to be hospitalized than females. Epidemiological information is important in determining the burden of ocular disease in the population. It is also essential in planning improvement in health services and patient education for prevention of serious eye injuries.
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Dy IA, Patchett M, McDonald A, Wiernik PH. Treatment outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in HIV+ patients. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6595 Background: AML is diagnosed more frequently in HIV+ patients than previously. The results with standard AML treatment in such patients have not been evaluated. We evaluated whether the results justify standard aggressive treatment of AML in HIV+ patients. Methods: We identified 5 HIV+ patients at our institution who were subsequently diagnosed with AML and 68 previously reported HIV+ patients with AML through PubMed from 1986-2011. The median age at the time of AML diagnosis was 40 years (range 7-70 years). Of the 26 patients with known karyotype, 7 had favorable, 7 intermediate and 12 had unfavorable cytogenetics. The majority of treated patients received standard intensive induction therapy and complete responders (CR) received consolidation therapy. HIV was pre-, post-, and concurrently diagnosed in 47, 2 and 19 AML patients respectively. The Kaplan-Meier method examined whether CD4 count, AML treatment and CR attainment affected overall survival. Cox proportional hazard modeling, adjusted for age and CD4 count determined whether AML treatment and CR attainment were associated with death from AML. Results: The final analysis included pre- and concurrently HIV diagnosed AML patients (n=66). HIV infection occurred at a median of 5 years (range 0.25-28 years) prior to the diagnosis of AML in 47 patients. The most common FAB types were M4 (22.6%) and M2 (22.6%). CR was achieved in 71.7% (n=33/46) of treated patients and 51.5% (n=17/33) of them relapsed with a median CR duration of 9.2 months. Median survival of patients with CD4 count < 200 and ≥ 200 was 7 vs. 13.4 months (p=0.03); median survival of untreated and treated patients was 1.0 vs.13.2 months (p < 0.001) and median survival of treated patients who did and did not achieve CR was 2 vs. 21 months respectively (p < 0.001). All treated patients and those who achieved CR were less likely to die from AML than untreated patients and those who failed to respond (H.R=0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.17 and H.R. = 0.11; 95% C.I, 0.04-0.35, respectively). Conclusions: Standard AML treatment and CR were associated with longer survival in HIV+ patients regardless of CD4 count. More than half of patients studied achieved CR. HIV+ AML patients should be offered standard AML therapy.
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McDonald A, Haslam C, Yates P, Gurr B, Leeder G, Sayers A. Google Calendar: A new memory aid to compensate for prospective memory deficits following acquired brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2011; 21:784-807. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2011.598405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Louw VJ, Bassa F, Chan SW, Dreosti L, Du Toit M, Ferreira M, Gartrell K, Gunther K, Jogessar V, Littleton N, Mahlangu J, McDonald A, Patel M, Pool R, Ruff P, Schmidt A, Sissolak G, Swart A, Verburgh E, Webb MJ. Guidelines for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in South Africa. S Afr Med J 2011; 101:900-906. [PMID: 22273034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) encompass a heterogeneous group of clonal haematopoietic disorders characterised by chronic and progressive cytopenias resulting from ineffective haematopoiesis. Treatment is complicated by differences in disease mechanisms in different subgroups, variable clinical phenotypes and risk of progression to acute myeloid leukaemia. RATIONALE Changes in disease classification, prognostic scoring systems, the availability of novel treatment options and the absence of South African guidelines for the diagnosis and management of these complex disorders underpinned the need for the development of these recommendations. METHODS These recommendations are based on the opinion of a number of experts in the field from the laboratory as well as clinical settings and came from both the private and institutional academic environments. The most recent literature as well as available guidelines from other countries were discussed and debated at a number of different meetings held over a 2-year period. RESULTS A comprehensive set of recommendations was developed focusing on risk stratification, supportive management and specific treatment. Novel agents and their indications are discussed and recommendations are made based on best available evidence and taking into account the availability of treatments in South Africa. CONCLUSION Correct diagnosis, risk stratification and appropriate therapeutic choices are the cornerstones of success in the management of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
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Fiveash J, Bishop J, Jacob R, Kim R, Dobelbower M, Yang E, McDonald A, Smith H, Wu X. Daily Rectal Dosimetry in Patients with Late Grade 2 or Greater Rectal Toxicity After Hypofractionated Image Guided Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glazener C, Boachie C, Buckley B, Cochran C, Dorey G, Grant A, Hagen S, Kilonzo M, McDonald A, McPherson G, Moore K, N'Dow J, Norrie J, Ramsay C, Vale L. Conservative treatment for urinary incontinence in Men After Prostate Surgery (MAPS): two parallel randomised controlled trials. Health Technol Assess 2011; 15:1-290, iii-iv. [PMID: 21640056 DOI: 10.3310/hta15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of active conservative treatment, compared with standard management, in regaining urinary continence at 12 months in men with urinary incontinence at 6 weeks after a radical prostatectomy or a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence after radical prostate surgery is common immediately after surgery, although the chance of incontinence is less after TURP than following radical prostatectomy. DESIGN Two multicentre, UK, parallel randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing active conservative treatment [pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) delivered by a specialist continence physiotherapist or a specialist continence nurse] with standard management in men after radial prostatectomy and TURP. SETTING Men having prostate surgery were identified in 34 centres across the UK. If they had urinary incontinence, they were invited to enroll in the RCT. PARTICIPANTS Men with urinary incontinence at 6 weeks after prostate surgery were eligible to be randomised if they consented and were able to comply with the intervention. INTERVENTIONS Eligible men were randomised to attend four sessions with a therapist over a 3-month period. The therapists provided standardised PFMT and bladder training for male urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. The control group continued with standard management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome of clinical effectiveness was urinary incontinence at 12 months after randomisation, and the primary measure of cost-effectiveness was incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Outcome data were collected by postal questionnaires at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. RESULTS Within the radical group (n = 411), 92% of the men in the intervention group attended at least one therapy visit and were more likely than those in the control group to be carrying out any PFMT at 12 months {adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 1.53]}. The absolute risk difference in urinary incontinence rates at 12 months between the intervention (75.5%) and control (77.4%) groups was -1.9% (95% CI -10% to 6%). NHS costs were higher in the intervention group [£ 181.02 (95% CI £ 107 to £ 255)] but there was no evidence of a difference in societal costs, and QALYs were virtually identical for both groups. Within the TURP group (n = 442), over 85% of men in the intervention group attended at least one therapy visit and were more likely to be carrying out any PFMT at 12 months after randomisation [adjusted RR 3.20 (95% CI 2.37 to 4.32)]. The absolute risk difference in urinary incontinence rates at 12 months between the intervention (64.9%) and control (61.5%) groups for the unadjusted intention-to-treat analysis was 3.4% (95% CI -6% to 13%). NHS costs [£ 209 (95% CI £ 147 to £ 271)] and societal costs [£ 420 (95% CI £ 54 to £ 785)] were statistically significantly higher in the intervention group but QALYs were virtually identical. CONCLUSIONS The provision of one-to-one conservative physical therapy for men with urinary incontinence after prostate surgery is unlikely to be effective or cost-effective compared with standard care that includes the provision of information about conducting PFMT. Future work should include research into the value of different surgical options in controlling urinary incontinence.
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McDavid HA, Cowell N, McDonald A. Is criminal violence a non-communicable disease? Exploring the epidemiology of violence in Jamaica. W INDIAN MED J 2011; 60:478-482. [PMID: 22097681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a high level of criminal violence that afflicts the Jamaican society. While it is certainly noncommunicable in the context of medicine and public health, the concepts of social contagion and the well-established fact of the intergenerational transfer of effects of trauma raise questions as to whether or not it is non-communicable in a social sense. Historically, scholars have linked Jamaican criminal violence to three main roots: poverty and urban decay, political patronage, garrisonisation and more recently to a fourth, the growth in transnational organized crime (TOC). Traditionally as well, policymakers have brought the three discrete perspectives of criminology, criminal justice and public health to bear on the problem. This paper applies a conceptual framework derived from a combination of epidemiology and the behavioural sciences to argue that a sustainable resolution to this looming and intractable social problem must take the form of a cocktail of policies that encompasses all three approaches at levels ranging from the community to the international.
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Thomson DB, Grimison PS, Chatfield MD, Stockler MR, Toner GC, Gebski V, Harrup RA, Underhill C, Kichenadasse G, Singhal N, Boland AL, McDonald A, Olver IN. Phase II trial of aprepitant on days 1 to 7 for patients with germ cell tumors having cisplatin on days 1 to 5. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e19577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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