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Maiti SK, Ramanathan A, Thompson WH, Subramaniam B. Strategies to Passivate Brønsted Acidity in Nb-TUD-1 Enhance Hydrogen Peroxide Utilization and Reduce Metal Leaching during Ethylene Epoxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu H, Chaudhari RV, Subramaniam B, Ramanathan A, Wu J. Effects of tunable acidity and basicity of Nb‐KIT‐6 catalysts on ethanol conversion: Experiments and kinetic modeling. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Dam JT, Ramanathan A, Djanashvili K, Kapteijn F, Hanefeld U. Synthesis, characterization and performance of bifunctional catalysts for the synthesis of menthol from citronellal. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25931f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TUD-1 based catalysts containing WO3 and Pt were synthesized and assessed in the conversion of citronellal to menthol. The hydrogenation on Pt is highest for small WO3 particles, while their agglomeration leads to a decreased interaction and catalytic performance.
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Agarwal PK, Doucet N, Chennubhotla C, Ramanathan A, Narayanan C. Conformational Sub-states and Populations in Enzyme Catalysis. Methods Enzymol 2016; 578:273-97. [PMID: 27497171 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme function involves substrate and cofactor binding, precise positioning of reactants in the active site, chemical turnover, and release of products. In addition to formation of crucial structural interactions between enzyme and substrate(s), coordinated motions within the enzyme-substrate complex allow reaction to proceed at a much faster rate, compared to the reaction in solution and in the absence of enzyme. An increasing number of enzyme systems show the presence of conserved protein motions that are important for function. A wide variety of motions are naturally sampled (over femtosecond to millisecond time-scales) as the enzyme complex moves along the energetic landscape, driven by temperature and dynamical events from the surrounding environment. Areas of low energy along the landscape form conformational sub-states, which show higher conformational populations than surrounding areas. A small number of these protein conformational sub-states contain functionally important structural and dynamical features, which assist the enzyme mechanism along the catalytic cycle. Identification and characterization of these higher-energy (also called excited) sub-states and the associated populations are challenging, as these sub-states are very short-lived and therefore rarely populated. Specialized techniques based on computer simulations, theoretical modeling, and nuclear magnetic resonance have been developed for quantitative characterization of these sub-states and populations. This chapter discusses these techniques and provides examples of their applications to enzyme systems.
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Ramanathan A, Robb GB, Chan SH. mRNA capping: biological functions and applications. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:7511-26. [PMID: 27317694 PMCID: PMC5027499 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5′ m7G cap is an evolutionarily conserved modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Decades of research have established that the m7G cap serves as a unique molecular module that recruits cellular proteins and mediates cap-related biological functions such as pre-mRNA processing, nuclear export and cap-dependent protein synthesis. Only recently has the role of the cap 2′O methylation as an identifier of self RNA in the innate immune system against foreign RNA has become clear. The discovery of the cytoplasmic capping machinery suggests a novel level of control network. These new findings underscore the importance of a proper cap structure in the synthesis of functional messenger RNA. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the biological roles of mRNA caps in eukaryotic cells. We will also discuss different means that viruses and their host cells use to cap their RNA and the application of these capping machineries to synthesize functional mRNA. Novel applications of RNA capping enzymes in the discovery of new RNA species and sequencing the microbiome transcriptome will also be discussed. We will end with a summary of novel findings in RNA capping and the questions these findings pose.
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Yan W, Ramanathan A, Patel PD, Maiti SK, Laird BB, Thompson WH, Subramaniam B. Mechanistic insights for enhancing activity and stability of Nb-incorporated silicates for selective ethylene epoxidation. J Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chan SW, Liew LH, Wong GR, Kallarakkal TG, Abraham MT, Ramanathan A, Zain RB. Audit of Turnaround Time for a Training Oral Histopathology Laboratory in Malaysia. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 24:401-9. [PMID: 27006298 DOI: 10.1177/1066896916639372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turnaround time (TAT) is the benchmark to assess the performance of a laboratory, pathologists, and pathology services, but there are few articles on TAT of surgical pathology, particularly in relation to oral or head and neck specimens. This study investigates the TAT for oral histopathology reporting in an academic institution's training laboratory and offers recommendations to achieve better overall quality of diagnostic services. METHODS This study examined data obtained from biopsy request forms for specimens received from the Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang in the Oral Pathology Diagnostic Laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, over a period of 3 years between January 2012 and October 2014. RESULTS TAT for surgical and decalcified specimens were increased significantly compared to biopsies. Additional special handling did not influence TAT, but increased specimen volume resulted in greater TAT. Slide interpretation was the most time-consuming stage during histopathology reporting. Overall, mean TAT was acceptable for most specimens, but the TAT goals were less than satisfactory. CONCLUSION A TAT goal appropriate for this laboratory may hence be established based on this study. Collective efforts to improve the TAT for various specimens are essential for better laboratory performance in the future.
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Ramanathan A, Devarkar SC, Jiang F, Miller MT, Khan AG, Marcotrigiano J, Patel SS. The autoinhibitory CARD2-Hel2i Interface of RIG-I governs RNA selection. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:896-909. [PMID: 26612866 PMCID: PMC4737149 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I (Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I) is a cytosolic innate immune receptor that detects atypical features in viral RNAs as foreign to initiate a Type I interferon signaling response. RIG-I is present in an autoinhibited state in the cytoplasm and activated by blunt-ended double-stranded (ds)RNAs carrying a 5' triphosphate (ppp) moiety. These features found in many pathogenic RNAs are absent in cellular RNAs due to post-transcriptional modifications of RNA ends. Although RIG-I is structurally well characterized, the mechanistic basis for RIG-I's remarkable ability to discriminate between cellular and pathogenic RNAs is not completely understood. We show that RIG-I's selectivity for blunt-ended 5'-ppp dsRNAs is ≈3000 times higher than non-blunt ended dsRNAs commonly found in cellular RNAs. Discrimination occurs at multiple stages and signaling RNAs have high affinity and ATPase turnover rate and thus a high katpase/Kd. We show that RIG-I uses its autoinhibitory CARD2-Hel2i (second CARD-helicase insertion domain) interface as a barrier to select against non-blunt ended dsRNAs. Accordingly, deletion of CARDs or point mutations in the CARD2-Hel2i interface decreases the selectivity from ≈3000 to 150 and 750, respectively. We propose that the CARD2-Hel2i interface is a 'gate' that prevents cellular RNAs from generating productive complexes that can signal.
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Kandasamy K, Ganesabaskaran S, Pachamuthu MP, Ramanathan A. A novel pyrazole biscoumarin based chemosensors for the selective detection of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 148:184-188. [PMID: 25879988 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel chemosensor based on pyrazole biscoumarin molecule "4-hydroxy-3-((4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-2H-chromen-2-one" (PBC) was synthesized by a simple method. The chemosensing properties of PBC towards transition metal ions like Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) by naked eye, UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopic methods were described. The PBC solution with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ion showed brown and blue colour respectively. The UV-Visible spectra of PBC with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions exposed their corresponding absorption maxima. Further, the Job's plot method confirmed the 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometry of the complex formation between the PBC with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions respectively. The fluorescence enhancement of PBC on binding with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) is due to the inhibition of photo induced electron transfer mechanism.
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Auzair LBM, Vincent-Chong VK, Ghani WMN, Kallarakkal TG, Ramanathan A, Lee CE, Rahman ZAA, Ismail SM, Abraham MT, Zain RB. Caveolin 1 (Cav-1) and actin-related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1B (ARPC1B) expressions as prognostic indicators for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:1885-93. [PMID: 26138391 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and Actin-Related Protein 2/3 Complex, Subunit 1B (ARPC1B) have been implicated in various human cancers, yet its role in tumorigenesis remains controversial. Therefore, this study aims to determine the protein expression of these two genes in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and to evaluate the clinical and prognostic impact of these genes in OSCC. Protein expressions of these two genes were determined by immunohistochemistry technique. The association between Cav-1 and ARPC1B with clinico-pathological parameters was evaluated by Chi-square test (or Fisher exact test where appropriate). Correlation between the protein expressions of these 2 genes with survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. Cav-1 and ARPC1B were found to be significantly over-expressed in OSCC compared to normal oral mucosa (p = 0.002 and p = 0.033, respectively). Low level of ARPC1B protein expression showed a significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (p = 0.010) and advanced tumor staging (p = 0.003). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses demonstrated that patients with over-expression of Cav-1 protein were associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.030). Adjusted multivariate Cox regression model revealed that over-expression of Cav-1 remained as an independent significant prognostic factor for OSCC (HRR = 2.700, 95 % CI 1.013-7.198, p = 0.047). This study demonstrated that low-expression of ARPC1B is significantly associated with LNM and advanced tumor staging whereas high expression of Cav-1 can be a prognostic indicator for poor prognosis in OSCC patients.
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Kandasamy K, Ganesabaskaran S, Pachamuthu MP, Maheswari R, Ramanathan A. Synthesis of pyrazolylbisindoles over mesoporous Lewis acidic ZrTUD-1: Potential application in selective Cu(2+) colorimetric detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:34-39. [PMID: 26023054 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolylbisindole (PBI) derivatives were prepared by simple condensation of indole and pyrazole aldehyde utilizing amorphous mesoporous ZrTUD-1 having predominant Lewis acid sites. The applicability of pyrazolylbisindolyl derivate as a colorimetric chemosensor with high selectivity toward Cu(2+) over other cations were tested. Among heavy and transition metal (HTM) ions in CH3CN solution, the probe only sensed Cu(2+) detectable by naked eye. The sensor exhibited a new absorption band at 488 nm (a red shift of 206 nm from 282 nm) with a large colorimetric response and affinity to Cu(2+) over other cations tested (Al(3+), Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), K(+), Fe(2+), Ca(2+), Cu(2+) and Hg(2+)).
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Salahshourifar I, Vincent-Chong VK, Chang HY, Ser HL, Ramanathan A, Kallarakkal TG, Rahman ZAA, Ismail SM, Prepageran N, Mustafa WMW, Abraham MT, Tay KK, Zain RB. Downregulation of CRNN gene and genomic instability at 1q21.3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:2273-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Petrenz A, María PDD, Ramanathan A, Hanefeld U, Ansorge-Schumacher MB, Kara S. Medium and reaction engineering for the establishment of a chemo-enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of rac-benzoin in batch and continuous mode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ramanathan A, Maheswari R, Subramaniam B. Facile Styrene Epoxidation with H2O2 over Novel Niobium Containing Cage Type Mesoporous Silicate, Nb-KIT-5. Top Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-015-0372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ramanathan A, Karuri N. Proteolysis of decellularized extracellular matrices results in loss of fibronectin and cell binding activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:246-251. [PMID: 25724944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive inflammation in the chronic wound bed is believed to result in increased fibronectin (FN) proteolysis and poor tissue repair. However, FN fragments can prime the immune response and result in higher protease levels. The reciprocity between FN proteolysis and inflammation makes it challenging to determine the specific contribution of FN proteolysis in the extracellular matrix (ECM) on tissue responses. We studied the impact of proteolysis of decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) obtained from NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts on FN level and activity. The dECMs were treated with α chymotrypsin and proteolysis was stopped at different time points. The protease solution was obtained, the remaining dECM was scrapped and examined by immunoblotting and Bicinchoninic Acid assays. Fibronectin was 9.4 ± 1.8% of the total protein content in the dECM but was more susceptible to proteolysis. After 15 min of protease treatment there was a 67.6% and 11.1% decrease in FN and total protein, respectively, in the dECMs. Fibronectin fragments were present both in the proteolysis solution and in the dECM. Cell adhesion, spreading and actin extensions on dECMs decreased with increasing proteolysis time. Interestingly, the solutions obtained after proteolysis of the dECMs supported cell adhesion and spreading in a time dependent manner, thus demonstrating the presence of FN cell binding activity in the protease solution of dECMs. This study demonstrates the susceptibility of FN in the ECM to proteolysis and the resulting loss of cell adhesion due to the decrease of FN activity and places weight on bioengineering strategies to stabilize FN against proteolysis.
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Ramanathan A, Zhu H, Maheswari R, Thapa PS, Subramaniam B. Comparative Study of Nb-Incorporated Cubic Mesoporous Silicates as Epoxidation Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie504386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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67
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Lee CE, Vincent-Chong VK, Ramanathan A, Kallarakkal TG, Karen-Ng LP, Ghani WMN, Rahman ZAA, Ismail SM, Abraham MT, Tay KK, Mustafa WMW, Cheong SC, Zain RB. Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing-1 (CTHRC1) Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Prognostic Value and Clinico-Pathological Implications. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:937-45. [PMID: 26664254 PMCID: PMC4661291 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1) is a protein often found to be over-expressed in various types of human cancers. However, correlation between CTHRC1 expression level with clinico-pathological characteristics and prognosis in oral cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine mRNA and protein expression of CTHRC1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to evaluate the clinical and prognostic impact of CTHRC1 in OSCC. METHODS In this study, mRNA and protein expression of CTHRC1 in OSCCs were determined by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The association between CTHRC1 and clinico-pathological parameters were evaluated by univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. Correlation between CTHRC1 protein expressions with survival were analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. RESULTS Current study demonstrated CTHRC1 was significantly overexpressed at the mRNA level in OSCC. Univariate analyses indicated a high-expression of CTHRC1 that was significantly associated with advanced stage pTNM staging, tumour size ≥ 4 cm and positive lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, only positive LNM remained significant after adjusting with other confounder factors in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox model demonstrated that patients with high-expression of CTHRC1 protein were associated with poor prognosis and is an independent prognostic factor in OSCC. CONCLUSION This study indicated that over-expression of CTHRC1 potentially as an independent predictor for positive LNM and poor prognosis in OSCC.
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Zhang C, Ramanathan A, Karuri NW. Proteolytically stabilizing fibronectin without compromising cell and gelatin binding activity. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 31:277-88. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pan Q, Ramanathan A, Kirk Snavely W, Chaudhari RV, Subramaniam B. Intrinsic Kinetics of Ethanol Dehydration Over Lewis Acidic Ordered Mesoporous Silicate, Zr-KIT-6. Top Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-014-0311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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70
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Petrenz A, Domínguez de María P, Ramanathan A, Hanefeld U, Kara S, Ansorge-Schumacher M. Chemo-enzymatische heterogenkatalysierte Eintopfsynthese von enantiomerenreinem Benzoin. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201450093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Maheswari R, Pachamuthu MP, Ramanathan A, Subramaniam B. Synthesis, Characterization, and Epoxidation Activity of Tungsten-Incorporated SBA-16 (W-SBA-16). Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramanathan V, Ramanathan A. Molecular mechanism in a rare autosomal recessive case of xeroderma pigmentosum - a case report. NATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANATOMY 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3401760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractChromosomal instability syndromes are a special group of disorders of cytogenetic interest which comprises of several rare, autosomal recessive conditions. Following exposure to sunlight, excessive chromosomal instability, breakage, defective nucleotide excision repair in DNA, defective apoptosis and increased susceptibility to neoplasia occurs. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is characterised by the presence of chromosomal breakages, associated with increased frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. This is a case report of a 6 year old, male child having XP with dermal and ocular manifestations. Chromosomal breaks in chromosomal spread are seen. If it occurs in families, consanguinous marriages should be avoided; appropriate genetic counselling suggested and simple sun guarding techniques with appropriate protection from UV exposure can reduce the morbidity in these patients.
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John J, Ann Mani S, Palaniswamy K, Ramanathan A, Razak AAA. Flexural Properties of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Resin Reinforced with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers: A Preliminary Finding. J Prosthodont 2014; 24:233-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ramanathan A, Mahmoud HAR, Hui LP, Mei NY, Valliappan V, Zain RB. Oral Extranodal Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Series of Forty Two Cases in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1633-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.4.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ramanathan V, Ramanathan A. Molecular mechanism in a rare autosomal recessive case of xeroderma pigmentosum - a case report. NATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANATOMY 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/2277-4025.297380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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