51
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Beija M, Li Y, Duong HT, Laurent S, Elst LV, Muller RN, Lowe AB, Davis TP, Boyer C. Polymer–gold nanohybrids with potential use in bimodal MRI/CT: enhancing the relaxometric properties of Gd(iii) complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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52
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Roth PJ, Davis TP, Lowe AB. UCST-driven self-assembly and crosslinking of diblock copolymer micelles. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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53
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Roth PJ, Boyer C, Lowe AB, Davis TP. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 15/2011. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201190039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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54
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Roth PJ, Boyer C, Lowe AB, Davis TP. RAFT Polymerization and Thiol Chemistry: A Complementary Pairing for Implementing Modern Macromolecular Design. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1123-43. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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55
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Harvison MA, Lowe AB. Combining RAFT Radical Polymerization and Click/Highly Efficient Coupling Chemistries: A Powerful Strategy for the Preparation of Novel Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:779-800. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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56
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Harvison MA, Davis TP, Lowe AB. Macromolecular thiolysis of oxiranes: end-group modification of RAFT prepared homopolymers. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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57
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Harvison MA, Roth PJ, Davis TP, Lowe AB. End Group Reactions of RAFT-Prepared (Co)Polymers. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the chemistry of thiocarbonylthio groups with an emphasis on chemistry conducted at ω or α and ω chain-ends in copolymers prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We begin by giving a general overview of reactions associated with the thiocarbonylthio groups, followed by examples associated with macromolecular thiols.
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58
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Xu J, Tao L, Boyer C, Lowe AB, Davis TP. Facile Access to Polymeric Vesicular Nanostructures: Remarkable ω-End group Effects in Cholesterol and Pyrene Functional (Co)Polymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102386j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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59
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Chan JW, Hoyle CE, Lowe AB, Bowman M. Nucleophile-Initiated Thiol-Michael Reactions: Effect of Organocatalyst, Thiol, and Ene. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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60
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Chan JW, Shin J, Hoyle CE, Bowman CN, Lowe AB. Synthesis, Thiol−Yne “Click” Photopolymerization, and Physical Properties of Networks Derived from Novel Multifunctional Alkynes. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1004452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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61
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Hoyle CE, Lowe AB, Bowman CN. Thiol-click chemistry: a multifaceted toolbox for small molecule and polymer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:1355-87. [DOI: 10.1039/b901979k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1294] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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62
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Lowe AB, Harvison MA. Thiol-Based 'Click' Chemistries in Polymer: Synthesis and Modification. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of thiol-based ‘click’ reactions is discussed with an emphasis on highlighting the individual chemistries and noting recent literature examples. This is not an exhaustive review but rather serves to demonstrate the versatility and clear potential of thiol-based chemistry in polymer/materials design, synthesis, and modification.
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63
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Lowe AB, Hoyle CE, Bowman CN. Thiol-yne click chemistry: A powerful and versatile methodology for materials synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b917102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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64
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Lowe AB. Thiol-ene “click” reactions and recent applications in polymer and materials synthesis. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00216b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1194] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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65
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Xu J, Tao L, Boyer C, Lowe AB, Davis TP. Combining Thio−Bromo “Click” Chemistry and RAFT Polymerization: A Powerful Tool for Preparing Functionalized Multiblock and Hyperbranched Polymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902154h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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66
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Li H, Yu B, Matsushima H, Hoyle CE, Lowe AB. The Thiol−Isocyanate Click Reaction: Facile and Quantitative Access to ω-End-Functional Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) Synthesized by RAFT Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9010878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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67
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Chan JW, Yu B, Hoyle CE, Lowe AB. The nucleophilic, phosphine-catalyzed thiol–ene click reaction and convergent star synthesis with RAFT-prepared homopolymers. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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68
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Yu B, Chan JW, Hoyle CE, Lowe AB. Sequential thiol-ene/thiol-ene and thiol-ene/thiol-yne reactions as a route to well-defined mono and bis end-functionalized poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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69
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Balof SL, Yu B, Lowe AB, Ling Y, Zhang Y, Schanz HJ. Ru-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing pH-Responsive N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands: Activity Control via Degree of Protonation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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70
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Chan JW, Hoyle CE, Lowe AB. Sequential Phosphine-Catalyzed, Nucleophilic Thiol−Ene/Radical-Mediated Thiol−Yne Reactions and the Facile Orthogonal Synthesis of Polyfunctional Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5751-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8099135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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71
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Yu B, Lowe AB, Ishihara K. RAFT Synthesis and Stimulus-Induced Self-Assembly in Water of Copolymers Based on the Biocompatible Monomer 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl Phosphorylcholine. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:950-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm8014945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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72
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Yu B, Lowe AB. Synthesis of di‐ and tri‐tertiary amine containing methacrylic monomers and their (co)polymerization via RAFT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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73
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Merkler DJ, Asser AS, Baumgart LE, Carballo N, Carpenter SE, Chew GH, Cosner CC, Dusi J, Galloway LC, Lowe AB, Lowe EW, King L, Kendig RD, Kline PC, Malka R, Merkler KA, McIntyre NR, Romero M, Wilcox BJ, Owen TC. Substituted hippurates and hippurate analogs as substrates and inhibitors of peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM). Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:10061-74. [PMID: 18952446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) functions in vivo towards the biosynthesis of alpha-amidated peptide hormones in mammals and insects. PHM is a potential target for the development of inhibitors as drugs for the treatment of human disease and as insecticides for the management of insect pests. We show here that relatively simple ground state analogs of the PHM substrate hippuric acid (C(6)H(5)-CO-NH-CH(2)-COOH) inhibit the enzyme with K(i) values as low as 0.5microM. Substitution of sulfur atom(s) into the hippuric acid analog increases the affinity of PHM for the inhibitor. Replacement of the acetylglycine moiety, -CO-NH-CH(2)-COOH with an S-(thioacetyl)thioglycolic acid moiety, -CS-S-CH(2)-COOH, yields compounds with the highest PHM affinity. Both S-(2-phenylthioacetyl)thioglycolate and S-(4-ethylthiobenzoyl)thioglycolic acid inhibit the proliferation of cultured human prostate cancer cells at concentrations >100-fold excess of their respective K(i) values. Comparison of K(i) values between mammalian PHM and insect PHM shows differences in potency suggesting that a PHM-based insecticide with limited human toxicity can be developed.
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74
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Rankin DA, Lowe AB. New Well-Defined Polymeric Betaines: First Report Detailing the Synthesis and ROMP of Salt-Responsive Sulfopropylbetaine- and Carboxyethylbetaine-exo-7-oxanorbornene Monomers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma701952c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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75
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Chan JW, Yu B, Hoyle CE, Lowe AB. Convergent synthesis of 3-arm star polymers from RAFT-prepared poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) via a thiol–ene click reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4959-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b813438c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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