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Widjaja D, Leonardo M, Vatvani A, Waren K, Kurniawan A. Portal vein thrombosis risk factors and clinical findings in Indonesian hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx660.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zulfa F, Sari IP, Kurniawan A. Association of Blastocystis subtypes with diarrhea in children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/884/1/012031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kurniawan A, Chaplin JR, Hann MR, Greaves DM, Farley FJM. Wave energy absorption by a submerged air bag connected to a rigid float. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20160861. [PMID: 28484330 PMCID: PMC5415690 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new wave energy device features a submerged ballasted air bag connected at the top to a rigid float. Under wave action, the bag expands and contracts, creating a reciprocating air flow through a turbine between the bag and another volume housed within the float. Laboratory measurements are generally in good agreement with numerical predictions. Both show that the trajectory of possible combinations of pressure and elevation at which the device is in static equilibrium takes the shape of an S. This means that statically the device can have three different draughts, and correspondingly three different bag shapes, for the same pressure. The behaviour in waves depends on where the mean pressure-elevation condition is on the static trajectory. The captured power is highest for a mean condition on the middle section.
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Vatvani A, Gunawan C, Waren K, Kurniawan A. 541P Understanding barriers of Indonesian breast cancer patients seeking for treatment: Focus on depression and anxiety. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(21)00699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Gunawan C, Vatvani A, Waren K, Kurniawan A. 542P Factors related to the delay of medical treatment of Indonesian cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw599.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vatvani A, Gunawan C, Waren K, Kurniawan A. 541P Understanding barriers of Indonesian breast cancer patients seeking for treatment: Focus on depression and anxiety. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw599.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Albertus A, Arviana N, Teguh A, Angela L, Kurniawan A, Lugito N. 395P Underreporting of transfusion reaction in Indonesian cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv531.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lugito N, Lemuel T, Kurniawan A, Tjiang M, Wijaya I, Setiadinata N. Physical activity, gender and the risk of obesity in medical students. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ong L, Kurniawan A, Suwandi A, Lin C, Zhao X, Ismadji S. Transesterification of leather tanning waste to biodiesel at supercritical condition: Kinetics and thermodynamics studies. J Supercrit Fluids 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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60
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Kurniawan A, Karyadi T, Dwintasari SW, Sari IP, Yunihastuti E, Djauzi S, Smith HV. Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with diarrhoea in Jakarta, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009; 103:892-8. [PMID: 19327806 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence of intestinal parasites in Indonesian HIV/AIDS patients with chronic diarrhoea prior to administering antiretroviral therapy. The influence of age, CD4(+) cell count and season on parasite occurrence was also studied. In total, 318 unconcentrated stool samples were analysed using Lugol's iodine and modified acid fast staining to detect intestinal coccidia. Most samples (94.5%) were from males aged 21-40 years with CD4(+) counts < or = 50 cells/mm(3). Parasites were found in 84.3% of samples (single species infections, 71.4%; polyparasitism, 12.9%), with protozoan pathogens occurring most commonly. Cryptosporidium (4.9%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (4.5%) and Giardia duodenalis (1.9%) were the most frequent single infections, but Blastocystis hominis (72.4%) was the most commonly occurring protist. Cryptosporidium and C. cayetanensis occurred in 11.9% and 7.8% of all (single and mixed) infections. The most common co-infection was with B. hominis and Cryptosporidium (6.3%). Intestinal protozoan pathogens were detected more frequently in cases with CD4(+) counts < or = 200/mm(3). No seasonal influence was determined for Cryptosporidium, C. cayetanensis or B. hominis, but gross seasonal disturbances may have influenced our findings. Intestinal parasites should be looked for routinely in this group of individuals and should be treated to reduce complications and the likelihood of transmission.
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Kurniawan A, Iskandar I, Machdar S. Improved Predictive Power Control Algorithms to Increase CDMA System Capacity. ITB JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2009.41.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kurniawan A, Schmidt-Ott A. Monitoring the soot emissions of passing cars. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:1911-5. [PMID: 16570615 DOI: 10.1021/es051140h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first application of a novel fast on-road sensing method for measurement of particulate emissions of individual passing passenger cars. The studywas motivated by the shift of interest from gases to particles in connection with strong adverse health effects. The results correspond very much to findings by Beaton et al. (Science, May 19,1995) for gaseous hydrocarbon and CO emissions: A small percentage of "superpolluters" (here 5%) account for a high percentage (here 43%) of the pollution (here elemental carbon). We estimate that up to 50% of the particulate emissions of vehicles could be avoided on the basis of the present legislation, if on-road monitoring would be applied to enforce maintenance. Our fast sensing method for particles is based on photoelectron emission from the emitted airborne soot particles in combination with a CO2 sensor delivering a reference.
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Maizels RM, Sartono E, Kurniawan A, Partono F, Selkirk ME, Yazdanbakhsh M. T-cell activation and the balance of antibody isotypes in human lymphatic filariasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:50-6. [PMID: 15275373 DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human filarial infection presents a spectrum of clinical states with two major poles: asymptomatic microfilaraemia and amicrofilaraemic chronic disease. Microfilaremia is associated with a Th1-type tolerance, and maximal IgG4 antibodies, while elephantiasis patients react across a broad range of immune parameters. In this review, Rick Maizels and his colleagues discuss recent advances in the immunology of human filariasis and present a summary of their latest studies in an endemic area of Indonesia.
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Sartono E, van Eggermond MC, Kurniawan A, Maizels RM, van den Elsen PJ, Yazdanbakhsh M. Selective usage of defined TCRBV genes in response to filarial antigens. Int Immunol 1997; 9:955-62. [PMID: 9237104 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/9.7.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of T cell reactivities that are prone to down-modulation by filarial parasites is central to understanding how these nematodes can survive for long periods of time within their human host and to design appropriate immunoprophylactic measures. In the present study, TCRBV gene usage was analyzed in response to filarial antigens by PCR using a panel of TCRBV gene segment family-specific oligonucleotide primers. Analysis of individuals highly responsive to Brugia malayi adult worm antigen (BmA) (n = 4) indicated that following stimulation with BmA a maximum of four TCRBV gene families were over-represented in each subject. Those were TCRBV2, 9, 19 and 23 in subject 1; TCRBV8, 9 and 16 in subject 2; TCRBV2, 8, 9 and 11 in subject 3; and TCRBV13 and 23 in subject 4. The analysis of one subject who was unresponsive to BmA before but regained responsiveness after diethylcarbamazine treatment revealed that there was no overexpression of a particular TCRBV gene family before chemotherapy, whereas after chemotherapy three TCRBV gene families (TCRBV8, 16 and 19) were found to be overexpressed. Complementarity determining region 3 size analysis of a selection of the overexpressed TCRBV genes displayed oligoclonality in some of the observed expansions. Together these observations show that limited T cell subpopulations are clonally amplified in BmA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of filarial responder subjects, possibly driven by a restricted number of antigens.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Brugia malayi/growth & development
- Brugia malayi/immunology
- Clone Cells/metabolism
- Diethylcarbamazine/pharmacology
- Elephantiasis, Filarial/genetics
- Elephantiasis, Filarial/immunology
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/drug effects
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multigene Family/drug effects
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Sartono E, Kruize YC, Kurniawan A, Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M. Depression of antigen-specific interleukin-5 and interferon-gamma responses in human lymphatic filariasis as a function of clinical status and age. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:1276-80. [PMID: 9129104 DOI: 10.1086/593701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In an area in which brugian filariasis is endemic, when cytokine levels were analyzed as a function of clinical status comparing those who were asymptomatic and amicrofilaremic with those who were microfilaremic, it was found that both interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-5 were suppressed in microfilariae carriers (P < .01 and P < .001, respectively), but IL-4 was unabated. Age had a significant effect on cytokine production in both groups. In asymptomatic amicrofilaremic subjects, IL-4 production was high in young persons and decreased with age, whereas in microfilaremic subjects, IL-4 increased significantly with age. Conversely, IFN-gamma showed a tendency to increase with age in asymptomatic amicrofilaremic subjects but not in microfilaremic subjects. IL-5 decreased significantly with increasing age in both asymptomatic amicrofilaremic and microfilaremic groups. These results indicate that the length of exposure to and infection with filarial parasites can each exert a substantial effect on the cytokine response profiles of host T cell populations.
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Sartono E, Kruize YC, Kurniawan A, Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M. In Th2-biased lymphatic filarial patients, responses to purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain Th1. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:501-4. [PMID: 8617323 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830260233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Natural infection with filarial nematode parasites results in immune responses skewed towards T helper (Th)2, while infection with mycobacteria shows many characteristics of a Th1-dominated response. Cytokines typifying Th1, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and Th2, interleukin (IL)-4, were measured following stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from filarial patients with Brugia malayi adult worm antigen (BmA) and purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD). In response to PPD, only 1 out of 81 patients produced IL-4, and this at an amount (4.4 pg/ml) just above the detection limit, whereas 59% of patients responded to BmA by releasing IL-4. Conversely, substantial quantities of IFN-gamma were released in response to PPD (geometric mean 37.43 U/ml) compared to low BmA-stimulated IFN-gamma production in the same patients (geometric mean 5.02 U/ml). These results demonstrate that the strong skewing of the cytokine environment towards Th2 in filarial patients in vivo does not influence the predominance of a Th1 type immune response to PPD.
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Sartono E, Kruize YC, Partono F, Kurniawan A, Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M. Specific T cell unresponsiveness in human filariasis: diversity in underlying mechanisms. Parasite Immunol 1995; 17:587-94. [PMID: 8817605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1995.tb01002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to overcome T cell unresponsiveness to filarial antigens, 65 individuals belonging to the three clinical groups of elephantiasis patients, microfilaraemics, and asymptomatic amicrofilaraemics who exhibited unresponsiveness to Brugia malayi adult worm antigen (BmA) were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured with antigen and one of the following reagents that have been reported to be effective in reconstituting T cell proliferation: interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-7 (IL-7), anti-interleukin-4, anti-interleukin-10, anti-CD2, anti-CD27, anti-CD28, indomethacin, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or calcium ionophore (A23187). We were able to overcome antigen-specific unresponsiveness in only a minority of the individuals studied. Co-culture with IL-2, IL-7, indomethacin and PMA were the only conditions which resulted in enhanced proliferation to BmA in these individuals. In general, unresponsiveness in elephantiasis patients was easier to reverse than in other clinical groups: in 50% of elephantiasis patients, in 12.5% of microfilaraemics and in 20% of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemics. The results indicate that more than one distinct immunological mechanism may account for the antigen-specific unresponsiveness in individuals exposed to and infected with brugian filariasis.
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Yazdanbakhsh M, Sartono E, Kruize YC, Kurniawan A, Partono F, Maizels RM, Schreuder GM, Schipper R, de Vries RR. HLA and elephantiasis in lymphatic filariasis. Hum Immunol 1995; 44:58-61. [PMID: 8522456 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(95)00059-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis presents a spectrum of manifestations with infection-free asymptomatics at one end and elephantiasis at the other. In order to determine if any HLA antigens are associated with the development of elephantiasis, we compared the HLA frequencies in 55 elephantiasis patients with those in 40 controls consisting of individuals older than 45 years of age without any signs of elephantiasis. The only significant difference in class I antigen frequencies was observed for B27, which was present in 11% of the patients and absent in the controls. More differences were observed in HLA class II antigen frequencies. Both DR3 and the 2B3 epitope (on DQ6, DQ8, and DQ9 molecules) were significantly decreased in patients with elephantiasis whereas the DQ5 frequency was significantly higher in patients than in controls. Analysis of specific antibody isotype profiles revealed that DQ5-positive individuals had increased levels of antifilarial IgG3, an isotype known to be involved in tissue damage. These data suggest that HLA class II genes may control the course of Brugian filariasis by influencing the T-cell-dependent antibody repertoire.
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Sartono E, Kruize YC, Kurniawan A, van der Meide PH, Partono F, Maizels RM, Yazdanbakhsh M. Elevated cellular immune responses and interferon-gamma release after long-term diethylcarbamazine treatment of patients with human lymphatic filariasis. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:1683-7. [PMID: 7769319 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/171.6.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular immune responses to filarial antigens were examined in persons before and 1 year after beginning treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC). The subjects (17 microfilaremics, 13 asymptomatic amicrofilaremics, and 13 with elephantiasis) had not responded to Brgia malayi adult worm antigen (BmA) before chemotherapy. T cell proliferative responses to BmA improved significantly after therapy in the 3 clinical groups (P < .05) but was highest in the elephantiasis patients and asymptomatic amicrofilareimics. Cytokine release profiles after stimulation with parasite antigen were analyzed. Production of interferon (IFN)-gamma by BmA-stimulated mononuclear cells increased significantly after DEC treatment (geometric mean, 39.6-55.7 U/mL; P < .05), largely due to improved responses in elephantiasis patients and asymptomatic amicrofilaremics. In contrast, BmA-induced interleukin (IL)-4 release did not change significantly in these same patients after treatment. Thus, both microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic infections with B. malayi are associated with similar down-regulation of proliferative T cell function and IFN-gamma release.
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Yazdanbakhsh M, Sartono E, Kruize Y, Kurniawan A, Selkirk M, Maizels R. T cell recognition and activation in filariasis. Parasite 1994. [DOI: 10.1051/parasite/199401s1016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yazdanbakhsh M, Sartono E, Kruize YC, Kurniawan A, van der Pouw-Kraan T, van der Meide PH, Selkirk ME, Partono F, Hintzen RQ, van Lier RA. Elevated levels of T cell activation antigen CD27 and increased interleukin-4 production in human lymphatic filariasis. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:3312-7. [PMID: 7903075 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830231238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To assess the immunological changes occurring during filarial infection with or without elephantiasis, 145 patients in different clinical groups from an endemic area in Indonesia were compared with respect to plasma levels of both soluble CD25 (sCD25) and sCD27; interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was also measured in a smaller subset of individuals. Levels of sCD27 were significantly elevated in elephantiasis and microfilaremic patients compared with endemic normals (p < 0.002), whereas sCD25 levels remained low in microfilaremics and was only slightly elevated in elephantiasis patients compared with endemic normals (p < 0.02). As activated T cell populations release both sCD27 and sCD25, these findings imply that there is filarial-driven activation of a T cell subset that releases sCD27 rather than sCD25. The expansion of a particular T cell population by filarial parasites is further suggested by the enhancement in both IL-4-producing and CD4+CD27-T cells in PBMC from elephantiasis and microfilaremic patients compared with endemic normals. More detailed characterization and comparison of CD27-lymphocytes from these individuals may identify mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis.
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Paxton WA, Yazdanbakhsh M, Kurniawan A, Partono F, Maizels RM, Selkirk ME. Primary structure of and immunoglobulin E response to the repeat subunit of gp15/400 from human lymphatic filarial parasites. Infect Immun 1993; 61:2827-33. [PMID: 8514385 PMCID: PMC280927 DOI: 10.1128/iai.61.7.2827-2833.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated and sequenced clones encoding the repeated subunit of the surface-associated glycoprotein gp15/400 from the two nematode species predominantly responsible for lymphatic filariasis in humans: Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti. The amino acid sequence of the 15-kDa subunit, derived from the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment from B. malayi, is identical to that previously reported for B. pahangi, whereas the derived W. bancrofti protein sequence differs in only 7 of 132 residues. The identity of the protein in the two Brugia species allowed us to use a recombinant from B. pahangi to examine the serological response of adult Indonesian subjects infected with B. malayi. The polymerase chain reaction-amplified subunit was expressed in Escherichia coli via the pDS56/RBS11 plasmid and purified by nickel-chelating chromatography. A significant proportion of individuals produced antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). This was most pronounced in the individuals with elephantiasis, with 14 of 15 showing elevated titers and a mean of 3.2 ng of specific IgE ml-1. Only 2 of 15 microfilaremic individuals possessed elevated titers of specific IgE, with a mean of 0.045 ng ml-1 for the group as a whole. Asymptomatic amicrofilaremic residents showed approximately equal numbers of responders (defined as having a value in the radioimmunoassay greater than two standard deviations above controls) and nonresponders, with a group mean of 1.2 ng of antigen-specific IgE ml-1.
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Kurniawan A, Yazdanbakhsh M, van Ree R, Aalberse R, Selkirk ME, Partono F, Maizels RM. Differential expression of IgE and IgG4 specific antibody responses in asymptomatic and chronic human filariasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.150.9.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A population of 164 adult individuals resident in an area endemic for Brugia malayi lymphatic filariasis has been studied for humoral immune responses to filarial parasites. Antibody levels to Ag extracted from adult worms were determined for each of the IgG subclasses, for IgM and for IgE. The dominant isotype of antifilarial antibody was IgG4, which represented 88% of total IgG in asymptomatic microfilaremics, most of whom possessed 100 to 1000 micrograms/ml of specific antibody of this subclass (geometric mean 762 micrograms/ml). Patients with chronic disease (elephantiasis), who were generally amicrofilaremic, had substantially higher levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3, but a 3.4-fold lower geometric mean level of specific IgG4 (222 micrograms/ml) than asymptomatics with or without microfilaremia. In contrast, specific IgE antibody levels in cases of elephantiasis were on average 4.5 times higher than those found in the asymptomatic carrier state. The majority of microfilaremics were therefore typified by extremely high specific IgG4 concentrations and relatively low IgE reactivities, whereas clinical cases tended to show the reverse relationship. The possible roles of these isotypes and the implications of changing IgG4/IgE balances in disease are discussed.
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Kurniawan A, Yazdanbakhsh M, van Ree R, Aalberse R, Selkirk ME, Partono F, Maizels RM. Differential expression of IgE and IgG4 specific antibody responses in asymptomatic and chronic human filariasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1993; 150:3941-50. [PMID: 8473742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A population of 164 adult individuals resident in an area endemic for Brugia malayi lymphatic filariasis has been studied for humoral immune responses to filarial parasites. Antibody levels to Ag extracted from adult worms were determined for each of the IgG subclasses, for IgM and for IgE. The dominant isotype of antifilarial antibody was IgG4, which represented 88% of total IgG in asymptomatic microfilaremics, most of whom possessed 100 to 1000 micrograms/ml of specific antibody of this subclass (geometric mean 762 micrograms/ml). Patients with chronic disease (elephantiasis), who were generally amicrofilaremic, had substantially higher levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3, but a 3.4-fold lower geometric mean level of specific IgG4 (222 micrograms/ml) than asymptomatics with or without microfilaremia. In contrast, specific IgE antibody levels in cases of elephantiasis were on average 4.5 times higher than those found in the asymptomatic carrier state. The majority of microfilaremics were therefore typified by extremely high specific IgG4 concentrations and relatively low IgE reactivities, whereas clinical cases tended to show the reverse relationship. The possible roles of these isotypes and the implications of changing IgG4/IgE balances in disease are discussed.
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Yazdanbakhsh M, Paxton WA, Kruize YC, Sartono E, Kurniawan A, van het Wout A, Selkirk ME, Partono F, Maizels RM. T cell responsiveness correlates differentially with antibody isotype levels in clinical and asymptomatic filariasis. J Infect Dis 1993; 167:925-31. [PMID: 8450257 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/167.4.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish the relationships among T and B cell responses, active infection, and clinical manifestations in lymphatic filariasis, filarial-specific lymphocyte proliferation, IgG antibody isotypes, and IgE levels were determined in an exposed population: 31 asymptomatic amicrofilaremics, 43 microfilaremics, 12 symptomatic amicrofilaremics, and 52 elephantiasis patients. Lymphocyte proliferation was higher in elephantiasis patients and asymptomatic amicrofilaremics than in microfilaremics (P < .004). A proportion of asymptomatic amicrofilaremics (32%), elephantiasis patients (37%), and symptomatic amicrofilaremics (58%) showed antigen-specific lymphocyte unresponsiveness, and lymphocyte proliferation to filarial antigens correlated negatively with specific IgG4 levels (rho = -0.315, P < .001). As elevated specific IgG4 is an indicator of active infection, it is argued that active infection may result in lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness irrespective of clinical category. Of those with elevated specific IgE levels and high T cell proliferative responses, 70% had elephantiasis, suggesting these factors have a role in pathology. However, the existence of a proportion of elephantiasis patients with low anti-filarial IgE and T cell unresponsiveness to filarial antigens suggests that elephantiasis can be caused by distinct processes.
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