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Ueda M, Mine A, De Munck J, Hakogi T, Van Meerbeek B, Kuboki T. The effect of clinical experience on dentine bonding effectiveness: students versus trained dentists. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37:653-7. [PMID: 20492442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinical successful application of dentine adhesives depends not only on material-related but also on operator-related factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentine bonding effectiveness of a self-etch composite cement applied by operators with or without clinical experience under well-standardized, randomized and blind conditions. Forty-eight bovine dentine surfaces were randomly divided into two groups. The first group consisted of eight dental students with no clinical experience at all, and the second group consisted of eight dentists with extensive experience in adhesive dentistry (mean experience of 11.4 years). Next, a 4-mm-diameter stainless steel rod (SUS-304) was bonded to the dentine surface using Panavia Fluoro cement (Kuraray Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan). After application procedures, the specimens were randomized and shear bond-strength measurements were performed by a single blinded operator. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine statistical differences in bond strength between the two groups, and Kruskal-Wallis was used to determine statistical difference between the student and dentist groups. The means and standard deviations of bond strength were 11.5 +/- 8.1 MPa for the student group and 7.1 +/- 4.3 MPa for the dentist group, respectively. The bond strength of the student group was significantly higher than that of the dentist group. However, the variability in bond strength was significantly higher in the student group, and some specimens failed prior to actual testing (included as 0 MPa). Clinical experience did not have a positive effect on the bonding effectiveness of the self-etch composite cement to dentine.
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De Munck J, Mine A, Poitevin A, Van Ende A, Van Meerbeek B. Testing bond strength: A review of the literature. Dent Mater 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Poitevin A, De Munck J, Cardoso M, Mine A, Peumans M, Van Meerbeek B. Comparison of dynamic versus static bond strength testing. Dent Mater 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kameyama A, Kato J, Hatayama H, De Munck J, Haruyama A, Yoshinari M, Tsunoda M, Van Meerbeek B. Mechanical strength of dental adhesives cured by violet laser diode. Dent Mater 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Coutinho E, Cardoso MV, De Munck J, Neves AA, Van Landuyt KL, Poitevin A, Peumans M, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Bonding effectiveness and interfacial characterization of a nano-filled resin-modified glass-ionomer. Dent Mater 2009; 25:1347-57. [PMID: 19595446 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glass-ionomers (GIs) exhibit excellent clinical bonding effectiveness, but still have shortcomings such as polishability and general aesthetics. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the micro-tensile bond strength (microTBS) to enamel and dentin of a nano-filled resin-modified GI (nano-RMGI; Ketac N100, 3M-ESPE), and (2) to characterize its interfacial interaction with enamel and dentin using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). METHODS The nano-RMGI was used both with and without its primer, while a conventional RMGI restorative material (conv-RMGI; Fuji II LC, GC) and a packable conventional GI cement (conv-GI; Fuji IX GP, GC) were used as controls. After bonding to freshly extracted human third molars, microspecimens of the interfaces were machined into a cylindrical hourglass shape and tested to failure in tension. Non-demineralized TEM sections were prepared and examined from additional teeth. RESULTS The microTBS to both enamel and dentin of nano-RMGI and conv-GI were not statistically different; the microTBS of non-primed nano-RMGI was significantly lower, while that of conv-RMGI was significantly higher than that of all other groups. TEM of nano-RMGI disclosed a tight interface at enamel and dentin without surface demineralization and hybrid-layer formation. A thin filler-free zone (<1 microm) was formed at dentin. A high filler loading and effective filler distribution were also evident, with localized areas exhibiting nano-filler clustering. CONCLUSIONS The nano-RMGI bonded as effectively to enamel and dentin as conv-GI, but bonded less effectively than conv-RMGI. Its bonding mechanism should be attributed to micro-mechanical interlocking provided by the surface roughness, most likely combined with chemical interaction through its acrylic/itaconic acid copolymers.
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Coutinho E, Jarmar T, Svahn F, Neves A, Verlinden B, Van Meerbeek B, Engqvist H. Ultrastructural characterization of tooth–biomaterial interfaces prepared with broad and focused ion beams. Dent Mater 2009; 25:1325-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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De Munck J, Van den Steen P, Mine A, Van Landuyt K, Poitevin A, Opdenakker G, Van Meerbeek B. Inhibition of Enzymatic Degradation of Adhesive-Dentin Interfaces. J Dent Res 2009; 88:1101-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034509346952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive procedures activate dentin-associated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and so iatrogenically initiate bond degradation. We hypothesized that adding MMP inhibitors to adhesive primers may prevent this endogenous enzymatic degradation, thereby improving bond durability. A non-specific MMP inhibitor (chlorhexidine) and a MMP-2/9-specific inhibitor (SB-3CT) were admixed to the primers of an etch & rinse and a self-etch adhesive, both considered as gold-standard adhesives within their respective categories. For dentin powder exposed to the adhesives under clinical application conditions, gelatin zymography revealed the release of MMP-2 (not of MMP-9) by the etch & rinse adhesive, while no release of enzymes could be detected for the mild self-etch adhesive, most likely because of its limited dentin demineralization effect. The built-in MMP inhibitors appeared effective in reducing bond degradation only for the etch & rinse adhesive, and not for the self-etch adhesive. Water sorption of adhesive interfaces most likely remains the principal mechanism of bond degradation, while endogenous enzymes appear to contribute to bond degradation of only etch & rinse adhesives.
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Maekawa K, Shimono K, Oshima M, Yoshida Y, Van Meerbeek B, Suzuki K, Kuboki T. Polyphosphoric acid treatment promotes bone regeneration around titanium implants. J Oral Rehabil 2009; 36:362-7. [PMID: 19210680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) treatment on bone regeneration around titanium (Ti) implants in vivo. Adsorption of PPA by Ti was achieved by immersing Ti implants (2 mm in diameter, 4 mm in length) in different concentrations of PPA solution (0, 1 and 10 wt%) for 24 h at 37 degrees C after proper Ti surface cleaning. The treated Ti implants were implanted on 8-week-old-male rat (n = 30) tibiae. Two or four weeks after implantation, all animals were deeply anaesthetized and underwent perfusion fixation. Ten specimens in each condition were further immersed in the same fixative for 1 week and eventually embedded in polyester resin. Afterwards, undecalcified sections were ground to a thickness of approximately 70 microm parallel to the long axis of the implant. The sections were stained with basic fuchsine and methylene blue and then examined by light microscopy. For quantitative evaluation of bone regeneration around the implants, the bone-implant contact ratio (BICR) was determined. Polyphosphoric acid treatment of the Ti implant surface significantly enhanced direct bone contact to the Ti surface. Especially, the BICRs of the 1 wt% PPA-treated Ti implants were significantly higher than those of the control untreated Ti implants, both 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. At 4 weeks, 10 wt% PPA-treated implants also significantly increased the BICR as compared to that of the untreated Ti implants. These results suggest that PPA treatment promotes osteoconductivity of Ti in vivo.
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Van Landuyt KL, Snauwaert J, Peumans M, De Munck J, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. The role of HEMA in one-step self-etch adhesives. Dent Mater 2008; 24:1412-9. [PMID: 18433860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van Landuyt K, Peumans M, Fieuws S, De Munck J, M.V. Cardoso, Ermis R, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. A randomized controlled clinical trial of a HEMA-free all-in-one adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions at 1 year. J Dent 2008; 36:847-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Van Landuyt K, Mine A, De Munck J, Countinho E, Peumans M, Jaecques S, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Technique sensitivity of water-free one-step adhesives. Dent Mater 2008; 24:1258-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Van Landuyt K, Yoshida Y, Hirata I, Snauwaert J, De Munck J, Okazaki M, Suzuki K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Influence of the Chemical Structure of Functional Monomers on Their Adhesive Performance. J Dent Res 2008; 87:757-61. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional monomers in adhesive systems can improve bonding by enhancing wetting and demineralization, and by chemical bonding to calcium. This study tested the hypothesis that small changes in the chemical structure of functional monomers may improve their bonding effectiveness. Three experimental phosphonate monomers (HAEPA, EAEPA, and MAEPA), with slightly different chemical structures, and 10-MDP (control) were evaluated. Adhesive performance was determined in terms of microtensile bond strength of 4 cements that differed only for the functional monomer. Based on the Adhesion-Decalcification concept, the chemical bonding potential was assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of the dissolution rate of the calcium salt of the functional monomers. High bond strength of the adhesive cement corresponded to low dissolution rate of the calcium salt of the respective functional monomer. The latter is according to the Adhesion-Decalcification concept, suggestive of a high chemical bonding capacity. We conclude that the adhesive performance of an adhesive material depends on the chemical structure of the functional monomer.
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Bergmans L, Moisiadis P, Huybrechts B, Van Meerbeek B, Quirynen M, Lambrechts P. Effect of photo-activated disinfection on endodontic pathogens ex vivo. Int Endod J 2008; 41:227-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cardoso MV, De Munck J, Coutinho E, Ermis RB, Van Landuyt K, de Carvalho RCR, Van Meerbeek B. Influence of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Treatment on Microtensile Bond Strength of Adhesives to Enamel. Oper Dent 2008; 33:448-55. [DOI: 10.2341/07-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation produced morphological alterations on enamel, which may adversely influence the bond strength of certain adhesives, depending on their approach and composition.
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Van Landuyt KL, Snauwaert J, De Munck J, Coutinho E, Poitevin A, Yoshida Y, Suzuki K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Origin of interfacial droplets with one-step adhesives. J Dent Res 2007; 86:739-44. [PMID: 17652202 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary one-step self-etch adhesives are often documented with interfacial droplets. The objective of this study was to research the origin of these droplets. Two HEMA-rich and one HEMA-free adhesive were applied to enamel and dentin, with the lining composite either immediately cured or cured only after 20 min. All one-step adhesives exhibited droplets at the interface; however, the droplets had two different origins. With the HEMA-free adhesives, droplets were located throughout the adhesive layer and were stable in number over time. With the HEMA-rich adhesives, the droplets were observed exclusively at the adhesive resin/composite interface, and their number increased significantly when the composite was delay-cured. Only the latter droplets caused a significant drop in bond strength after delayed curing. While the droplets in the HEMA-free one-step adhesives should be ascribed to phase separation, those observed with HEMA-rich adhesives resulted from water absorption from dentin through osmosis.
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Peumans M, Hikita K, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Bond Durability of Composite Luting Agents to Ceramic When Exposed to Long-term Thermocycling. Oper Dent 2007; 32:372-9. [PMID: 17695610 DOI: 10.2341/06-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
Depending on the ceramic surface treatment and chemical composition of the luting cement, there is a varying degree of bonding effectiveness of resin composite cements to CAD-CAM ceramic after thermocycling.
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Peumans M, De Munck J, Van Landuyt KL, Kanumilli P, Yoshida Y, Inoue S, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Restoring cervical lesions with flexible composites. Dent Mater 2007; 23:749-54. [PMID: 16949661 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Flexure at the tooth cervix has been suggested to dislodge cervical restorations more rapidly. The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to test the hypothesis that a higher composite flexibility better withstands tooth flexure stress. METHODS One hundred and forty-two non-carious cervical lesions were restored with composites with contrasting stiffness. Seventy-one patients randomly received two cervical restorations placed following two out of the three experimental groups: (1) the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Permaquick applied with the stiff micro-hybrid composite Amelogen Hybrid (PMQ/A-Hy, Ultradent), (2) Permaquick applied with the more flexible micro-filled composite Amelogen Microfill (PMQ/A-Mi, Ultradent), or (3) the 'golden standard' three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Optibond FL applied with the micro-hybrid composite Prodigy (O-FL/Pro, Kerr). RESULTS The recall rate at 7 years was 80%. No statistically significant difference was found for any of the parameters evaluated neither between both adhesives, nor between both composites (McNemar, p>0.05). Eleven percent of the O-FL/Pro restorations were clinically unacceptable due to loss of retention (5.5%) and severe marginal discoloration (5.5%). In the PMQ-group, 22% of the PMQ/A-Mi restorations (8% loss of retention, 5% severe enamel margin defects, 3% severe dentin margin defects, 6% severe marginal discoloration, 3% extreme sensitivity) and 19% of the PMQ/A-Hy restorations (13% loss of retention, 3% severe enamel margin defects, 3% severe marginal discoloration) needed repair or replacement. SIGNIFICANCE The clinical performance of the three adhesive/composite combinations was good and reliable during the 7-year clinical trial. It was concluded that the composite stiffness does not affect the clinical longevity of cervical composite restorations.
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Hikita K, Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Ikeda T, Van Landuyt K, Maida T, Lambrechts P, Peumans M. Bonding effectiveness of adhesive luting agents to enamel and dentin. Dent Mater 2007; 23:71-80. [PMID: 16426673 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The bonding effectiveness of five adhesive luting agents to enamel and dentin using different application procedures was determined using a micro-tensile bond strength protocol (microTBS). METHODS Enamel/dentin surfaces of human third molars were flattened using a high-speed diamond bur. Composite resin blocks (Paradigm, 3M ESPE) were luted using either Linkmax (LM; GC), Nexus 2 (NX; Kerr), Panavia F (PN; Kuraray), RelyX Unicem (UN; 3M ESPE) or Variolink II (VL; Ivoclar-Vivadent), strictly following manufacturers' instructions. For some luting agents, modified application procedures were also tested, resulting in four other experimental groups: Prompt L-Pop+RelyX Unicem (PLP+UN; 3M ESPE), Scotchbond Etchant+RelyX Unicem (SE+UN; 3M ESPE), Optibond Solo Plus Activator+Nexus 2 (ACT+NX; Kerr) and K-Etchant gel+Panavia-F (KE+P; Kuraray). The experimental groups were classified according to the adhesive approach in self-adhesive (UN), etch-and-rinse (ACT+NX, NX, KE+P, SE+UN and VL when bonded to enamel) and self-etch adhesive luting agents (LM, PLP+UN, PN and VL when bonded to dentin). The specimens were stored for 24h in distilled water at 37 degrees C prior to microTBS testing. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine pairwise statistical differences (p<0.05) in microTBS between the experimental groups. RESULTS When bonded to enamel, ACT+NX (15 MPa) and UN (19.6 MPa) scored significantly lower than VL (49.3 MPa), LM (49.2 MPa), PN (35.4 MPa) and SE+UN (35.2 MPa), while PLP+UN (23.5 MPa) showed a significantly lower microTBS than VL (49.3 MPa) and LM (49.2 MPa). No significant differences were noticed between VL (49.3 MPa), LM (49.2 MPa), NX (37.9 MPa), KE+PN (38.8 MPa), PN (35.4 MPa) and SE+UN (35.2 MPa). Regarding the bonding effectiveness to dentin, all luting agents bonded equally effectively (UN: 15.9 MPa; LM: 15.4 MPa; PN: 17.5 MPa; NX: 22.3 MPa), except VL (1.1 MPa), SE+UN (5.9 MPa) and ACT+NX (13.2 MPa). VL revealed an exceptionally high number of pre-testing failures, most likely due to a combined effect of not having cured the adhesive separately and an insufficiently light-cured luting agent. SIGNIFICANCE Following a correct application procedure, the etch-and-rinse, self-etch and self-adhesive luting agents are equally effective in bonding to enamel and dentin. Several factors negatively influenced bond strength such as bonding RelyX Unicem to enamel without prior phosphoric acid etching; no separate light-curing of a light-polymerizable adhesive prior to cementation, use of a light-polymerizing adhesive converted into a dual-polymerizing adhesive, and use of a dual-cure luting agent with a low auto-polymerizable potential.
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Fukegawa D, Hayakawa S, Yoshida Y, Suzuki K, Osaka A, Van Meerbeek B. Chemical interaction of phosphoric acid ester with hydroxyapatite. J Dent Res 2006; 85:941-4. [PMID: 16998137 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608501014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among functional monomers used in contemporary dental adhesives, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) has been found to interact chemically with hydroxyapatite (HAp) most intensively and stably. This effect was thought to be the basis of the superior bonding effectiveness of MDP-based self-etch adhesives to enamel/dentin. To elucidate fully the chemical interaction and reactivity of MDP with HAp, we used (31)P CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy and powder x-ray diffraction. In an aqueous ethanol solution, Ca ions were leached from HAp to form, at short term, a MDP-calcium salt (CaMHP(2)) layered structure on the HAp surface. When MDP was allowed to interact for longer time (< 24 hrs), CaHPO(4).2H(2)O precipitated on top of this MDP-calcium salt layered structure. In conclusion, the intense chemical interaction of MDP with HAp must be ascribed to superficial dissolution of HAp induced by the MDP adsorption and subsequent deposition of MDP-calcium salt with a solubility lower than that of CaHPO(4).2H(2)O.
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Peumans M, Hikita K, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Effects of ceramic surface treatments on the bond strength of an adhesive luting agent to CAD-CAM ceramic. J Dent 2006; 35:282-8. [PMID: 17092625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the micro-tensile bond strength (microTBS) of an adhesive luting agent to CAD-CAM ceramic. The hypothesis tested was that neither of the surface treatments would produce higher bond strength of the adhesive luting agent to CAD-CAM ceramic. METHODS Ceramic specimens of two different sizes (6 mm x 8 mm x 3 mm; 13 mm x 8 mm x 4 mm) were fabricated from ProCAD ceramic blocs (Ivoclar-Vivadent) with a low-speed diamond saw. The ceramic blocks were divided into seven groups and submitted to the following surface treatments: group 1: no treatment; group 2: etching with 37% H(3)PO(4); group 3: etching with 37% H(3)PO(4)+silane; group 4: etching with 37% H(3)PO(4)+silane+adhesive resin; group 5: etching with 4.9% HF acid; group 6: etching with 4.9% HF acid+silane; group 7: etching with HF acid+silane+adhesive resin. After surface treatment, two differently sized porcelain disks were bonded together with a composite luting agent (Variolink II, Ivoclar-Vivadent). The specimens were stored for 24h in distilled water at 37 degrees C prior to microTBS testing. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the influence of surface treatment and Scheffe multiple comparisons test determined pair-wise statistical differences (p<0.05) in microTBS between the experimental groups. RESULTS The mean microTBSs (standard deviation) are: group 1: 12.8 (+/-4.6)MPa; group 2: 19.1 (+/-5.0)MPa; group 3: 27.4 (+/-11.1)MPa; group 4: 34.0 (+/-8.9)MPa; group 5: 37.6 (+/-8.4) MPa; group 6: 34.6 (+/-12.8)MPa; group 7: 34.5 (+/-5.1)MPa. Statistical significant differences were found between group 1 and groups 3-7, and between group 2 and groups 4-7. All specimens of groups 1-4 exhibited adhesive failures, while a combination of adhesive and mixed (adhesive and cohesive) failures was observed in the specimens of groups 5-7. CONCLUSIONS The results show that surface treatment is important to bond to ceramic and suggests that etching is needed preferably with hydrofluoric acid than with phosphoric acid.
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Bergmans L, Moisiadis P, Teughels W, Van Meerbeek B, Quirynen M, Lambrechts P. Bactericidal effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on some endodontic pathogens ex vivo. Int Endod J 2006; 39:547-57. [PMID: 16776759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To define the role of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers in root canal disinfection along with a minimally invasive treatment concept. METHODOLOGY The hypothesis was tested ex vivo that Nd:YAG laser irradiation has a bactericidal effect on endodontic pathogens inoculated in root canals. Resultant colony-forming unit counts were associated with observations of bacterial cell structural changes using conventional scanning electron microscopy (CSEM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) on inoculated dentine surfaces, following indirect and direct Nd:YAG laser irradiation, respectively. RESULTS The Nd:YAG laser irradiation (1.5 W, 15 Hz, four times for 5 s) of Enterococcus faecalis inoculated canals resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test) of the bacterial load, meaning a 99.7% kill, but no sterilization. The CSEM procedure verified that the extent of radiation damage was in line with the total amount of laser energy applied. After 2 h of incubation and three cycles of indirect laser treatment (i.e. through a 1-mm-thick dentine disc), no morphologically intact bacteria of Actinomyces naeslundii or Streptococcus anginosus were discernible. However, when micro-colonies of S. anginosus and specially biofilms of E. faecalis were present after 2 days, the in situ experiment using ESEM and direct laser treatment showed that bacterial eradication was reduced in deep layers. CONCLUSIONS The Nd:YAG laser irradiation is not an alternative but a possible supplement to existing protocols for canal disinfection as the properties of laser light may allow a bactericidal effect beyond 1 mm of dentine. Endodontic pathogens that grow as biofilms, however, are difficult to eradicate even upon direct laser exposure.
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Peumans M, Kanumilli P, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Clinical effectiveness of contemporary adhesives: a systematic review of current clinical trials. Dent Mater 2006; 21:864-81. [PMID: 16009415 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Revised: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper was to review current literature on the clinical effectiveness of contemporary adhesives when used to restore cervical non-carious class-V lesions. Restoration retention in function of time was recorded in order to find out if adhesives with a simplified application procedure are as clinically effective as conventional three-step adhesives. DATA SOURCES Literature published from January 1998 up to May 2004 was reviewed for university-centred clinical trials that tested the clinical effectiveness of adhesives in non-carious class-V lesions. Restoration-retention rates per adhesive reported in peer-reviewed papers as well as IADR-AADR abstracts and ConsEuro abstracts were included and depicted as a function of time in graphs for each of the five adhesive classes (three- and two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives, two- and one-step self-etch adhesives, and glass-ionomers). The guidelines for dentin and enamel adhesive materials advanced by the American Dental Association were used as a reference. Per class, the annual failure rate (%) was calculated. Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Dwass-Steel-Chritchlow-Fligner pairwise comparisons were used to determine statistical differences between the annual failure percentages of the five adhesive categories. RESULTS Comparison of retention of class-V adhesive restorations as a measure to determine clinical bonding effectiveness of adhesives revealed that glass-ionomers most effectively and durably bond to tooth tissue. Three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives and two-step self-etch adhesives showed a clinically reliable and predictably good clinical performance. The clinical effectiveness of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives was less favourable, while an inefficient clinical performance was noted for the one-step self-etch adhesives. SIGNIFICANCE Although there is a tendency towards adhesives with simplified application procedures, simplification so far appears to induce loss of effectiveness. Clinical performance can be correlated with, and predicted by, appropriate types of laboratory study.
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Van Landuyt KL, Peumans M, De Munck J, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Extension of a one-step self-etch adhesive into a multi-step adhesive. Dent Mater 2006; 22:533-44. [PMID: 16300826 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED One-step self-etch adhesives are undoubtedly the most user-friendly adhesives, but have been associated with lower bonding effectiveness as compared to two-step and three-step adhesives. Conversion of a one-step self-etch system into a two-step self-etch adhesive by adding a bonding step, or into a three-step etch&rinse adhesive by adding a beforehand etching step and a bonding step might be tempting in order to improve bond strength. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate whether adding application steps influences the bond strength of a one-step self-etch adhesive. METHODS In this study, the bonding effectiveness of two experimental one-step self-etch adhesives and three different commercial adhesives to enamel and dentin was determined using a micro-tensile bond-strength protocol. This procedure was repeated for the experimental adhesives transformed into two-step self-etch and three-step etch&rinse adhesives. In addition, their interaction with tooth tissue was investigated using TEM and Feg-SEM. RESULTS Transforming a one-step into a two-step self-etch adhesive did improve the bond strength to enamel and dentin, though not significantly. By adding a preceding etching step, the bond strength to enamel was significantly improved, but that to dentin was decreased considerably. The latter must be attributed to hampered resin infiltration of the one-step self-etch adhesive within the relatively deeply exposed collagen fibril network. SIGNIFICANCE Additional application of a hydrophobic bonding agent slightly improved bonding effectiveness. Adding a preceding etching step is beneficial for enamel but should be avoided for dentin as this will decrease bond strengths, and may even jeopardize the bonding durability.
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Peumans M, Kanumilli P, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Clinical effectiveness of contemporary adhesives: A systematic review of current clinical trials. J Prosthet Dent 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2006.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van Landuyt KL, Kanumilli P, De Munck J, Peumans M, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Bond strength of a mild self-etch adhesive with and without prior acid-etching. J Dent 2006; 34:77-85. [PMID: 15979226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 04/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The self-etch approach provides dentists with a generation of user-friendly and less technique-sensitive adhesives. Nevertheless, some concern has been raised regarding their bonding effectiveness to enamel, in particular when so-called 'mild' self-etch adhesives are employed. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond (C-SE; Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) bonds equally effective to enamel/dentin either with or without prior etching with phosphoric acid. METHODS Bur-cut enamel/dentin surfaces prepared from human molars were partially split in two halves by cutting a shallow groove. One half was first etched with 40% phosphoric acid (K-etchant), while protecting the other half by holding a razor blade in the groove. Next, C-SE was applied strictly following the manufacturer's instructions, after which the surface was built up using Z100 (3M Espe). After 24-h water storage, micro-specimens were prepared with the interface circularly constricted using a Micro-Specimen Former, prior to micro-tensile bond strength (MPa) measurement. In addition, interfaces of C-SE with enamel/dentin prepared with and without beforehand acid etching were examined by Feg-SEM and TEM. RESULTS Beforehand etching significantly increased the bonding effectiveness of C-SE to enamel. A clearly more micro-retentive surface was revealed by TEM and Feg-SEM when enamel was etched. Phosphoric-acid etching prior to C-SE application on dentin significantly decreased the muTBS to dentin. TEM provided indications of a low-quality hybrid layer after beforehand phosphoric-acid etching. CONCLUSION Using C-SE, additional etching with phosphoric acid to improve bonding effectiveness should be limited to enamel.
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