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Simmons LW, Thomas ML, Gray B, Zuk M. Replicated evolutionary divergence in the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of male crickets associated with the loss of song in the Hawaiian archipelago. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2249-57. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gray B, Bailey NW, Poon M, Zuk M. Multimodal signal compensation: do field crickets shift sexual signal modality after the loss of acoustic communication? Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Campbell MD, West DJ, Bain SC, Kingsley MIC, Foley P, Kilduff L, Turner D, Gray B, Stephens JW, Bracken RM. Simulated games activity vs continuous running exercise: a novel comparison of the glycemic and metabolic responses in T1DM patients. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:216-22. [PMID: 24593125 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To compare the glycemic and metabolic responses to simulated intermittent games activity and continuous running exercise in type 1 diabetes. Nine patients (seven male, two female; 35 ± 4 years; HbA1c 8.1 ± 0.2%/65 ± 2 mmol/mol) treated on a basal-bolus regimen completed two main trials, a continuous treadmill run (CON) or an intermittent running protocol (INT). Patients arrived to the laboratory fasted at ∼ 08:00 h, replicating their usual pre-exercise meal and administering a 50% reduced dose of rapid-acting insulin before exercising. Blood glucose (BG), K(+) , Na(++) , pH, triglycerides, serum cortisol and NEFA were measured at baseline and for 60 min post-exercise. Interstitial glucose was measured for a further 23 h under free-living conditions. Following exercise, BG declined under both conditions but was less under INT (INT -1.1 ± 1.4 vs CON -5.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = 0.037), meaning more patients experienced hypoglycemia (BG ≤ 3.5 mmol/L; CON n = 3 vs INT n = 2) but less hyperglycemia (BG ≥ 10.9 mmol/L; CON n = 0 vs INT n = 6) under CON. Blood lactate was significantly greater, and pH lower, with a temporal delay in K(+) under INT (P < 0.05). No conditional differences were observed in other measures during this time, or in interstitial glucose concentrations during the remaining 23 h after exercise. Simulated games activity carries a lower risk of early, but not late-onset hypoglycemia than continuous running exercise in type 1 diabetes.
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Hamilton TW, Hutchings L, Alsousou J, Tutton E, Hodson E, Smith CH, Wakefield J, Gray B, Symonds S, Willett K. The treatment of stable paediatric forearm fractures using a cast that may be removed at home. Bone Joint J 2013; 95-B:1714-20. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.95b12.31299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether, in the management of stable paediatric fractures of the forearm, flexible casts that can be removed at home are as clinically effective, cost-effective and acceptable to both patient and parent as management using a cast conventionally removed in hospital. A single-centre randomised controlled trial was performed on 317 children with a mean age of 9.3 years (2 to 16). No significant differences were seen in the change in Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire index score (p = 0.10) or EuroQol 5-Dimensions domain scores between the two groups one week after removal of the cast or the absolute scores at six months. There was a significantly lower overall median treatment cost in the group whose casts were removed at home (£150.88 (sem 1.90) vs £251.62 (sem 2.68); p < 0.001). No difference was seen in satisfaction between the two groups (p = 0.48). Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1714–20.
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Gray B, Hall P, Gresham H. Targeting agr- and agr-Like quorum sensing systems for development of common therapeutics to treat multiple gram-positive bacterial infections. SENSORS 2013; 13:5130-66. [PMID: 23598501 PMCID: PMC3673130 DOI: 10.3390/s130405130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Invasive infection by the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is controlled by a four gene operon, agr that encodes a quorum sensing system for the regulation of virulence. While agr has been well studied in S. aureus, the contribution of agr homologues and analogues in other Gram-positive pathogens is just beginning to be understood. Intriguingly, other significant human pathogens, including Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis contain agr or analogues linked to virulence. Moreover, other significant human Gram-positive pathogens use peptide based quorum sensing systems to establish or maintain infection. The potential for commonality in aspects of these signaling systems across different species raises the prospect of identifying therapeutics that could target multiple pathogens. Here, we review the status of research into these agr homologues, analogues, and other peptide based quorum sensing systems in Gram-positive pathogens as well as the potential for identifying common pathways and signaling mechanisms for therapeutic discovery.
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Gray B, Simmons LW. Acoustic cues alter perceived sperm competition risk in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kruse L, Gray B, Wright R. Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94:1737-48. [PMID: 23032584 PMCID: PMC3448301 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.k.01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rigorous rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is necessary for a successful surgical outcome. A large number of clinical trials continue to assess aspects of this rehabilitation process. Prior systematic reviews evaluated fifty-four Level-I and II clinical trials published through 2005. METHODS Eighty-five articles from 2006 to 2010 were identified utilizing multiple search engines. Twenty-nine Level-I or II studies met inclusion criteria and were evaluated with use of the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) criteria. Topics included in this review are postoperative bracing, accelerated strengthening, home-based rehabilitation, proprioception and neuromuscular training, and six miscellaneous topics investigated in single trials. RESULTS Bracing following ACL reconstruction remains neither necessary nor beneficial and adds to the cost of the procedure. Early return to sports needs further research. Home-based rehabilitation can be successful. Although neuromuscular interventions are not likely to be harmful to patients, they are also not likely to yield large improvements in outcomes or help patients return to sports faster. Thus, they should not be performed to the exclusion of strengthening and range-of-motion exercises. Vibration training may lead to faster and more complete proprioceptive recovery but further evidence is needed. CONCLUSIONS Several new modalities for rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction may be helpful but should not be performed to the exclusion of range-of-motion, strengthening, and functional exercises. Accelerated rehabilitation does not appear to be harmful but further investigation of rehabilitation timing is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Liu J, Kareev M, Meyers D, Gray B, Ryan P, Freeland JW, Chakhalian J. Metal-insulator transition and orbital reconstruction in Mott-type quantum wells made of NdNiO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:107402. [PMID: 23005325 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The metal-insulator transition and the underlying electronic and orbital structure in e(g)(1) quantum wells based on NdNiO3 were investigated by dc transport and resonant soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. By comparing quantum wells of the same dimension but with two different confinement structures, we explicitly demonstrate that the quantum well boundary condition of correlated electrons is critical to selecting the many-body ground state. In particular, the long-range orderings and the metal-insulator transition are found to be strongly enhanced under quantum confinement by sandwiching NdNiO(3) with the wide-gap dielectric LaAlO(3), while they are suppressed when one of the interfaces is replaced by a surface (interface with vacuum). Resonant spectroscopy reveals that the reduced charge fluctuations in the sandwich structure are supported by the enhanced propensity to charge ordering due to the suppressed e(g) orbital splitting when interfaced with the confining LaAlO3 layer.
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Gray B, Bailey BP, Wilson MK, Patel S. Type A aortic dissection diagnosed at coronary angiography. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 21:300-1. [PMID: 22503170 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gray B, Medi C, Ingles J, Semsarian C. Severity of Hypertrophy and Increased QTc Interval Predict Appropriate ICD Therapies in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gray B, Medi C, Yeates L, Semsarian C. Severe and Variable Clinical Expression of a Homozygous Mutation in the Cardiac Troponin I Gene causing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gray B, Klimis H, Inam S, Bailey B, Patel S. Radial Approach Delivers Safe Dose of Radiation in Routine Cardiac Catheterisation Procedures. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ingles J, Sarina T, Evans A, Yeates L, Kawa J, Hunt L, Connell V, Gray B, Armstrong C, Ogden K, Davis A, Weintraub R, Vohra J, McTaggart D, Winship I, McGaughran J, Atherton J, Semsarian C. The National Genetic Heart Disease Registry: An Update. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Patel AS, Siegert R, Creamer D, Larkin G, Gray B, Wells AU, Higginson IJ, Birring SS. P86 The assessment of health related quality of life in sarcoidosis with the King's Sarcoidosis Questionnaire (KSQ). Thorax 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054c.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kakanis M, Peake J, Brenu E, Hooper S, Gray B, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Cytokine profiles and salivary IgA and hormonal responses to an acute bout of strenuous endurance exercise. J Sci Med Sport 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.11.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Harknett EC, Chang WYC, Byrnes S, Johnson J, Lazor R, Cohen MM, Gray B, Geiling S, Telford H, Tattersfield AE, Hubbard RB, Johnson SR. Use of variability in national and regional data to estimate the prevalence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. QJM 2011; 104:971-9. [PMID: 21764810 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the true prevalence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is important in estimating disease burden and targeting specific interventions. As with all rare diseases, obtaining reliable epidemiological data is difficult and requires innovative approaches. AIM To determine the prevalence and incidence of LAM using data from patient organizations in seven countries, and to use the extent to which the prevalence of LAM varies regionally and nationally to determine whether prevalence estimates are related to health-care provision. METHODS Numbers of women with LAM were obtained from patient groups and national databases from seven countries (n = 1001). Prevalence was calculated for regions within countries using female population figures from census data. Incidence estimates were calculated for the USA, UK and Switzerland. Regional variation in prevalence and changes in incidence over time were analysed using Poisson regression and linear regression. RESULTS Prevalence of LAM in the seven countries ranged from 3.4 to 7.8/million women with significant variation, both between countries and between states in the USA. This variation did not relate to the number of pulmonary specialists in the region nor the percentage of population with health insurance, but suggests a large number of patients remain undiagnosed. The incidence of LAM from 2004 to 2008 ranged from 0.23 to 0.31/million women/per year in the USA, UK and Switzerland. CONCLUSION Using this method, we have found that the prevalence of LAM is higher than that previously recorded and that many patients with LAM are undiagnosed.
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Duncan J, Kersigo J, Gray B, Fritzsch B. Combining lipophilic dye, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and histology. J Vis Exp 2011:2451. [PMID: 21445047 PMCID: PMC3197290 DOI: 10.3791/2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Going beyond single gene function to cut deeper into gene regulatory networks requires multiple mutations combined in a single animal. Such analysis of two or more genes needs to be complemented with in situ hybridization of other genes, or immunohistochemistry of their proteins, both in whole mounted developing organs or sections for detailed resolution of the cellular and tissue expression alterations. Combining multiple gene alterations requires the use of cre or flipase to conditionally delete genes and avoid embryonic lethality. Required breeding schemes dramatically enhance effort and cost proportional to the number of genes mutated, with an outcome of very few animals with the full repertoire of genetic modifications desired. Amortizing the vast amount of effort and time to obtain these few precious specimens that are carrying multiple mutations necessitates tissue optimization. Moreover, investigating a single animal with multiple techniques makes it easier to correlate gene deletion defects with expression profiles. We have developed a technique to obtain a more thorough analysis of a given animal; with the ability to analyze several different histologically recognizable structures as well as gene and protein expression all from the same specimen in both whole mounted organs and sections. Although mice have been utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique it can be applied to a wide array of animals. To do this we combine lipophilic dye tracing, whole mount in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and histology to extract the maximal possible amount of data.
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Ramos SB, Brun JF, Gray B, Rogerson S, Weatherby RP, Tajouri L, Marshall-Gradisnik SM. The effects of short term recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on blood rheology in healthy young males. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2011; 47:121-9. [PMID: 21339632 DOI: 10.3233/ch-2010-1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been shown that growth hormone (GH) exerts regulatory effects on hemorheology and other metabolic functions. GH stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and GH-IGF-I system has profound effects on body fluid status. There are speculations that GH has become widely used as a performance enhancing drug among athletes of various sports. The present study evaluated the possible hemorheological effects of short term administration of human recombinant growth hormone (rhGH) in healthy young males. METHODOLOGY Thirty young healthy males (27 ± 9) participated in a 29 days study where it was administered either 0.9% sodium chloride or 1 mg of human rhGH from day 1 to day 7. The participants were randomly assigned into either placebo (C) n = 15 or rhGH 1 mg/day (rhGH) group n = 15. This study evaluated plasma fibrinogen levels, red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, deformability and serum IGF-I levels between and within the groups along 29 days. RESULTS There was a significant increase in erythrocytes aggregation index post injection (day 8), in accordance to an increase in serum IGF-I.
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Gray B, Macdonald P, Kuchar D. Reversal of cardiomyopathy with ivabradine. Intern Med J 2011; 41:213-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gray B, McCaughan G, Celermajer D, Patel S. With Comprehensive Pre-operative Evaluation, there is a Low Incidence of Early Cardiac Complications from Liver Transplantation. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Waters P, Leite MI, Gray B, Vincent A, Jiang Y, Palace J. PAW33 Aquaporin-4 M 23 isoform provides a more sensitive assay for aquaporin-4 antibodies. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bailey NW, Gray B, Zuk M. Exposure to sexual signals during rearing increases immune defence in adult field crickets. Biol Lett 2010; 7:217-20. [PMID: 20810430 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased investment in immunity is expected to be beneficial under crowded conditions because of the greater risk of pathogen and parasite transmission, but the evolution of this facultative response relies on the ability to accurately assess social cues in the environment and adjust immune defences accordingly. Because of their highly conspicuous nature, long-range sexual signals are prime candidates to be used in evaluating the social conditions likely to be experienced upon adulthood in continuously breeding species; however, their role in mediating immune responses is unknown. We tested whether exposure to acoustic sexual signals in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus affects immunity by manipulating male juvenile experience of acoustic signals, and measuring the effect on adult immunity. Adult males exposed to song during rearing showed stronger immune responses than males reared in silence: they were better able to encapsulate artificial nylon implants and showed higher levels of antimicrobial lysozyme-like activity in their haemolymph. Experience of sexual signals thus translates into increased immunity, which suggests that such signals may play a role in conveying information about population demography and shaping density-dependent responses in unintended receivers.
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Willett KM, Gray B, Moran CG, Giannoudis PV, Pallister I. Orthopaedic trauma research priority-setting exercise and development of a research network. Injury 2010; 41:763-7. [PMID: 20403599 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical practice should be informed by high quality evidence, of which randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard. Surgical trials are inherently difficult with potential problems around clinical equipoise and participant acceptability. This is often most true with trial designs comparing operative and non-operative treatments. It is hoped that research activity can be maximised by collaborating in (a) the identification of research questions and (b) involvement in clinical trials. Development of the national research networks can be utilised to provide support for research endeavours within the orthopaedic trauma community. AIMS To identify and prioritise the research questions felt to be of most importance by the orthopaedic trauma community. Research studies will be considered for questions given the highest priority. METHODS A Delphi approach was used to determine consensus between the faculty members of the AOUK. A two round process was used to elicit the research questions and then to rank them in order of priority. RESULTS 217 members of the AOUK Long Bone Faculty were asked to submit research questions, predominantly consultant orthopaedic surgeons. A 22% response rate generated 147 questions. These were collated and the most frequent 24 sent back out for ranking by mean scores. A 55% response to this second round identified 10 top questions. Literature searches for these 10 looked at current knowledge of the subject, completed and ongoing research projects. We also looked at the advantages and disadvantages of undertaking a study and the most appropriate methodology. CONCLUSION The response rates demonstrated a clear interest in developing a collaborative research strategy. This can be enhanced by utilising the support of the National Institute of Health Research Clinical Research Networks (NIHR CRN).
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Ramos S, Brenu E, Christy R, Rogerson S, Weatherby R, Gray B, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Short term recombinant human growth hormone and blood rheology in healthy young males. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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