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Benarous X, Legrand C, Consoli S. L’entretien motivationnel dans la promotion des comportements de santé : une approche de la relation médecin/malade. Rev Med Interne 2014; 35:317-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bugnicourt JM, Hamy O, Canaple S, Lamy C, Legrand C. Impaired sexual activity in young ischaemic stroke patients: an observational study. Eur J Neurol 2013; 21:140-6. [PMID: 24118277 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The present study sought to determine the impact of stroke on sexual function and well-being in a cohort of young ischaemic stroke patients and identify factors associated with impairment. METHODS Over a 2-year period, all patients aged 60 or under with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (n = 156) were included. Information on sexual function and well-being was obtained by means of a paper questionnaire mailed to participants 1 year after their stroke. Impaired sexual activity (ISA) was defined as a decline in sexual function and/or satisfaction. Psychological well-being was evaluated on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS The response rate was 67% (n = 104). Thirty of these responders (29%) reported ISA. Patients with ISA had a higher HADS score (19.7 vs. 11.2 in patients with no impairment; P < 0.001), anxiety score (10.0 vs. 6.3; P < 0.001) and depression score (8.7 vs. 4.8; P < 0.001) and were more likely to have left brain lesions (70% vs. 30%; P < 0.001) and use angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (73% vs. 31%; P < 0.001) and diuretics (50% vs. 19%; P = 0.003). In a stepwise logistic regression, depression (odds ratio 9.1, 95% confidence interval 2.45-33.46; P = 0.001) and ACE inhibitor use (odds ratio 6.0, 95% confidence interval 2.11-17.28; P = 0.001) were associated with ISA. CONCLUSIONS Impaired sexual activity was reported by almost one-third of younger patients 1 year after ischaemic stroke. Factors associated with post-stroke ISA may include specific medications and depression rather than the characteristics of the stroke per se.
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Legrand C, Fourre J, Bleuse O. Étude de poste en radiothérapie : dose prévisionnelle annuelle au cristallin reçue par les manipulateurs en électroradiologie médicale. Cancer Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Legrand C, Di Bartolo C, Edouard M, Mesgouez J, Baron A, Dupas A, Posnic M, Autret A. EP-1195: Validation of Eclipse eMC algorithm for use in boost dose breast cancer. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Legrand C, Hartmann GH, Karger CP. Experimental determination of the effective point of measurement and the displacement correction factor for cylindrical ionization chambers in a 6 MV photon beam. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:6869-80. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/21/6869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tromme I, Sacré L, Hammouch F, Legrand C, Marot L, Vereecken P, Theate I, van Eeckhout P, Richez P, Baurain JF, Thomas L, Speybroeck N. Availability of digital dermoscopy in daily practice dramatically reduces the number of excised melanocytic lesions: results from an observational study. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:778-86. [PMID: 22564185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Legrand C, Hartmann GH, Karger CP. Experimental determination of the effective point of measurement for cylindrical ionization chambers in60Co gamma radiation. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:3463-75. [PMID: 22581186 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/11/3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hollevoet K, Nackaerts K, Gosselin R, De Wever W, Bosquée L, De Vuyst P, Germonpre PR, Kellen E, Legrand C, Kishi Y, Delanghe JR, Van Meerbeeck JP. Soluble mesothelin, megakaryocyte potentiating factor, and osteopontin as markers of patient response and outcome in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Meyer N, Legrand C, Giaccone G. Taille d’échantillon dans les essais thérapeutiques en oncologie. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Collet J, Tharaud O, Legrand C, Chapoton A, Vuillaume D. Performances of Sexithiophene Based Thin-Film Transistor Using Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-488-407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHigh performance thin-film transistors (TFT) made of conducting oligomers are obtained when the organic films are well ordered at a molecular level. Highly ordered films are obtained provided that oligomers have a sufficient mobility on the substrate surface during film formation. One possible way to fulfill such a condition is to evaporate oligomers on heated substrates [1,2]. In this work, we suggest that a high surface mobility is obtained by a chemical functionalization of the silicon dioxide surface, and the corresponding improvements of the TFT performances are evidenced. A self-assembled monolayer of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) was deposited on the SiO2 by chemisorption from solution before the evaporation of sexithiophene film. Room temperature current-voltage measurements indicate that the presence of the OTS monolayer improves TFT performances : threshold voltage is decreased, subthreshold slope is decreased, a high current ratio Ion/Ioff is obtained for a reduced gate voltage excursion, the fieldeffect mobility is slightly increased. We have also fabricated and characterized a nanometer scale organic FET (gate length = 50 nm) made of 6T films and only with a self-assembled monolayer as the insulating film between the degenerated silicon substrate (gate) and the conducting channel (no thick SiO2, we call it « oxide-free » organic FET). Performances of this nanometer size organic FETs are the following : subthreshold slope of 0.35V/dec, threshold voltage of −1.3V, effective mobility of 2×10−4 cm2/V.s.
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Legrand C, Dupont L, Davoisne C, Le Marrec F, Perrière J, Baudrin E. Unexpected formation by pulsed laser deposition of nanostructured Fe/olivine thin films on MgO substrates. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rethore S, Leblond P, Thebaud E, Sonna M, Legrand C, Rocourt N, Defachelles AS. Présentation inhabituelle d’un scorbut faisant craindre un neuroblastome. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:37-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cherfi Y, Hemine J, Douali R, Beldjoudi N, Ismaili M, Leblond JM, Legrand C, Daoudi A. Linear and non-linear dielectric properties of a short-pitch ferroelectric liquid crystal stabilized by a polymer network. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2010; 33:335-342. [PMID: 21107879 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2010-10679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Linear and non-linear dielectric measurements were carried out on a ferroelectric liquid crystal stabilized by an anisotropic polymer network. The polymerization process was achieved at room temperature. It was performed from an achiral monomer in the ferroelectric chiral smectic C phase, exhibiting a very short helical pitch and a large polarization. The linear and non-linear dielectric spectroscopy were also completed by textural morphology as well as structural and ferroelectric characterizations. All these measurements were carried out on a pure ferroelectric liquid crystal material and on composite films containing two polymer concentrations. The increase of the polymer network density leads to a decrease of the dielectric strength determined in the linear and non-linear dielectric spectroscopy. The complementarity between the linear and non-linear dielectric measurements and their confrontation with a theoretical model allowed the simultaneous determination of some physical parameters such as macroscopic polarization, rotational viscosity and twist elastic energy. We also discuss the effect of the polymer network density on the obtained physical parameters.
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Legrand C, Pidard D, Beiso P, Tenza D, Edelman L. Interaction of a Monoclonal Antibody to Glycoprotein IV (CD36) with Human Platelets and its Effect on Platelet Function. Platelets 2010; 2:99-105. [DOI: 10.3109/09537109109113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Surmont V, Aerts JGJV, van Klaveren RJ, Tournoy K, Tan KY, Vernhout RM, Schmitz PIM, Legrand C, Hoogsteden HC, van Meerbeeck JP. A randomized phase II study comparing two schedules of the 21-day regimen of gemcitabine and carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Oncology 2010; 78:267-70. [PMID: 20523087 DOI: 10.1159/000315733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 5 ml/min on day 1 with gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m(2) on day 1 and day 8 is a widely used regimen in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia are frequent. The aim of this study is to investigate whether toxicity of gemcitabine/carboplatin could be reduced by administering carboplatin on day 8 instead of day 1 without a decrease in response rate (RR). METHODS Patients received gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, carboplatin AUC 5 on day 1 (arm A) or day 8 (arm B). Drugs were administered over a 21-day cycle. Toxicity and RR were evaluated weekly and every second cycle, respectively. RESULTS 71 patients were enrolled into the study. We found 79% (95% CI 61-91%) grade 3-4 toxicity (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) in arm A and 50% (95% CI 32-68%) in arm B; 66% grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia in arm A and 26% in arm B. We observed 30% grade 4 hematological toxicity in arm A and 3% in arm B. In arm A an overall RR of 20% (95% CI 7.7-38.6%) was seen, and 18.2% (95% CI 7-35.5%) in arm B. CONCLUSIONS Although the study was prematurely closed, the current data are of interest. The schedule with carboplatin on day 8 is associated with substantially lower grade 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia with comparable dose intensity and RR.
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Hollevoet K, Nackaerts K, Thimpont J, Germonpré P, De Vuyst P, Bosqueé L, Legrand C, Yoshiro K, Delanghe J, van Meerbeeck J. OP82 Diagnostic performance of soluble mesothelin and megakaryocyte potentiating factor as biomarkers of mesothelioma. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)72136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Legrand C, Dubernard V, Rabhi-Sabile S, Morandi da Silva V. Functional and clinical significance of thrombospondin. Platelets 2009; 8:211-23. [PMID: 16793652 DOI: 10.1080/09537109777258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Legrand C, Duchateau L, Janssen P, Ducrocq V, Sylvester R. Validation of prognostic indices using the frailty model. LIFETIME DATA ANALYSIS 2009; 15:59-78. [PMID: 18618249 DOI: 10.1007/s10985-008-9092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A major issue when proposing a new prognostic index is its generalisibility to daily clinical practice. Validation is therefore required. Most validation techniques assess whether "on average" the results obtained by the prognostic index in classifying patients in a new sample of patients are similar to the results obtained in the construction set. We introduce a new important aspect of the generalisibility of a prognostic index: the heterogeneity of the prognostic index risk group hazard ratios over different centers. If substantial variability between centers exists, the prognostic index may have no discriminatory capability in some of the centers. To model such heterogeneity, we use a frailty model including a random center effect and a random prognostic index by center interaction. Statistical inference is based on a Bayesian approach using a Laplacian approximation for the marginal posterior distribution of the variances of the random effects. We investigate different ways to summarize the information available from this marginal posterior distribution. Our approach is applied to a real bladder cancer database for which we demonstrate how to investigate and interpret heterogeneity in prognostic index effect over centers.
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Hemine J, Legrand C, Daoudi A, Isaert N, Kaaouachi AE, Nguyen HT. Electro-optical and dielectric characterizations of the Goldstone mode relaxation in ferroelectric chiral smectic C liquid crystals. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2007; 19:296203. [PMID: 21483074 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/29/296203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report structural (helical pitch), electro-optical (tilt angle and spontaneous polarization) and dielectric (Goldstone mode) investigations of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) exhibiting the chiral smectic C phase (SmC(*)). All these characterizations were performed on two pure FLCs showing the SmC(*)-SmA-N(*) phase sequence and having small pitch, high spontaneous polarization and a large relaxation frequency. We have determined the Goldstone rotational viscosity and the twist elastic constant in the SmC(*) phase from the helical pitch, tilt angle, polarization, dielectric strength experimental data and from the relaxation frequency of the Goldstone-mode relaxation. An Arrhenius-type behaviour of the Goldstone rotational viscosity was obtained and the corresponding activation energies were evaluated.
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Koskas P, Stirati S, Lagadec J, Desban JG, Legrand C, Lebon F, Gaudin AS, Pent C, Drunat O, Wolmark Y. [Multidisciplinary management of elderly patients with Parkinson's disease]. SOINS. GERONTOLOGIE 2007:9-11. [PMID: 17583277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Deltombe T, Jamart J, Recloux S, Legrand C, Vandenbroeck N, Theys S, Hanson P. Reliability and limits of agreement of circumferential, water displacement, and optoelectronic volumetry in the measurement of upper limb lymphedema. Lymphology 2007; 40:26-34. [PMID: 17539462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a reliability comparison study to determine the intrarater and inter-rater reliability and the limits of agreement of the volume estimated by circumferential measurements using the frustum sign method and the disk model method, by water displacement volumetry, and by infrared optoelectronic volumetry in the assessment of upper limb lymphedema. Thirty women with lymphedema following axillary lymph node dissection surgery for breast cancer surgery were enrolled. In each patient, the volumes of the upper limbs were estimated by three physical therapists using circumference measurements, water displacement and optoelectronic volumetry. One of the physical therapists performed each measure twice. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), relative differences, and limits of agreement were determined. Intrarater and interrater reliability ICCs ranged from 0.94 to 1. Intrarater relative differences were 1.9% for the disk model method, 3.2% for the frustum sign model method, 2.9% for water displacement volumetry, and 1.5% for optoelectronic volumetry. Intrarater reliability was always better than interrater, except for the optoelectronic method. Intrarater and interrater limits of agreement were calculated for each technique. The disk model method and optoelectronic volumetry had better reliability than the frustum sign method and water displacement volumetry, which is usually considered to be the gold standard. In terms of low-cost, simplicity, and reliability, we recommend the disk model method as the method of choice in clinical practice. Since intrarater reliability was always better than interrater reliability (except for optoelectronic volumetry), patients should therefore, ideally, always be evaluated by the same therapist. Additionally, the limits of agreement must be taken into account when determining the response of a patient to treatment.
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Pearlman D, Villaran C, Loeys T, Legrand C, Reiss T, Philip G. Prevention of Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction by a Single Dose of Montelukast or Salmeterol. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Surmont V, van Klaveren RJ, Goor C, Schramel F, Manegold C, Legrand C, Van Schil P, Van Meerbeeck JP. Lessons to learn from EORTC study 08981: A feasibility study of induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection for stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2007; 55:95-9. [PMID: 17069931 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present EORTC phase II feasibility study in stage IIIB (T4-N3) NSCLC was conducted to investigate whether an induction regimen with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery after restaging by re-mediastinoscopy and/or fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was feasible in a multicenter setting. Unfortunately, the study closed prematurely because of poor accrual. The combination of more stringent selection criteria, the incorrect prevailing view of Ethical Boards that a tri-modality approach is too toxic, competing studies in the participating centers and the fact that patients with N3 disease could only be enrolled if a re-mediastinoscopy could be performed, underlie the low accrual. Although this study illustrates that the conduct of a tri-modality study across Europe appeared to be difficult at that time, the number of centers with highly qualified and experienced specialists involved in this kind of multi-modality approaches is rapidly increasing. Future initiatives should, therefore, certainly be encouraged. Minimally invasive procedures such as EUS and EBUS should preferably be used for up-front mediastinal staging, mediastinoscopy with or without EUS should preferably be reserved for restaging, and especially right-sided pneumonectomies should be avoided. Though evident, the feasibility to complete this kind of studies within a reasonable time period is still a condition sine qua non.
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Efficace F, Bottomley A, Smit EF, Lianes P, Legrand C, Debruyne C, Schramel F, Smit HJ, Gaafar R, Biesma B, Manegold C, Coens C, Giaccone G, Van Meerbeeck J. Is a patient's self-reported health-related quality of life a prognostic factor for survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients? A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of EORTC study 08975. Ann Oncol 2006; 17:1698-704. [PMID: 16968876 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this prognostic factor analysis was to investigate if a patient's self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) provided independent prognostic information for survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pretreatment HRQOL was measured in 391 advanced NSCLC patients using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the EORTC Lung Cancer module (QLQ-LC13). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for both univariate and multivariate analyses of survival. In addition, a bootstrap validation technique was used to assess the stability of the outcomes. RESULTS The final multivariate Cox regression model retained four parameters as independent prognostic factors for survival: male gender with a hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32 (95% CI 1.03-1.69; P = 0.03); performance status (0 to 1 versus 2) with HR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.04-2.54; P = 0.032); patient's self-reported score of pain with HR= 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.16; P < 0.001) and dysphagia with HR = 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.21; P = 0.003). A 10-point shift worse in the scale measuring pain and dysphagia translated into an 11% and 12% increased in the likelihood of death respectively. A risk group categorization was also developed. CONCLUSION The results suggest that patients' self-reported HRQOL provide independent prognostic information for survival. This finding supports the collection of such data in routine clinical practice.
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Strogyloudi E, Giannakourou A, Legrand C, Ruehl A, Granéli E. Estimating the accumulation and transfer of Nodularia spumigena toxins by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis: An appraisal from culture and mesocosm experiments. Toxicon 2006; 48:359-72. [PMID: 16876217 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of Nodularia spumigena toxins by Mytilus edulis was studied during laboratory and mesocosm experiments in order to investigate the possible pathways of nodularin in mussels and calculate toxin budgets. Mussels were exposed to 0.2-15.6 microg nodularin l(-1), fed for up to 5 days with Nodularia cells from culture, or blooming in different nutrient-treated seawater. Toxin concentration was monitored with LC-ESI-MS. During different exposures, the amount of nodularin detected in mussels increased linearly with increasing toxin concentration in food and attained 0.28-13.8 microg of nodularin g dw(-1) of the mussel whole body tissue after 12 h. The digestive gland was found to be the tissue with the highest toxin concentration. Nodularin concentration in faeces was not proportional to faeces production or to toxin concentration in food; however, it seemed to be mostly related to food quality as well as to food availability. The percentage of nodularin taken up by the mussels, relative to the amount contained in the offered food, varied from 10% to 20%, depending on food quality. During a 5-day toxin accumulation experiment, the acute reduction of the toxin in mussel tissues the second day and the following stabilization, showed that probably mussels maintain low toxin levels via efficient elimination and/or toxin metabolism. After a 72 h depuration period, mussels showed 75% reduction in their toxin content.
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