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Ma F, Zhang G, Gao J, Fang C, Bo Y, Huang G, Zhang A. Clinical screening method and risk factors’ analysis of congenital cardiovascular defects: a case control study from a Chinese local region. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2017. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog3369.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Fang C, Zhu Y, Li L, Feng N, Zhe C, Hu S, Jia H, Yu B. P5562Morphological features of culprit lesions in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease: an optical coherence tomography study. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cai H, Zhu Y, Hu S, Jia H, Li L, Zhao C, Lv Y, Fang C, Feng N, Zhe C, Gao H, Hu Y, Hou J, Zhang S, Yu B. P4636Association of isolated low HDL-C level with morphological features of culprit plaques in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: an optical coherence tomography study. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zhe C, Hu S, Jia H, Fang C, Feng N, Zhao C, Li L, Zhu Y, Gao H, Lv Y, Hu Y, Yu B. P471OCT vs angiography guided primary percutaneous coronary intervention in STEMI. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fang CH, Liang HB, Chi CW, Tao HS, Fang C, Zhu W, Mo ZK, Yang J, Xiang N, Zeng N, Tian J. [Application of indocyanine green-fluorescent imaging technique in planning resection line and real-time surgical navigation in small hepatocellular carcinoma]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2017; 54:444-450. [PMID: 27938579 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the value of near-infrared technology guided by indolecyanine green(ICG) in planning resection line and real-time surgical navigation in small liver cancer. Methods: From March to September 2015, 11 patients with hepatic tumors received hepatectomy were treated in First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University.There were 5 male and 6 female patients with average age of (55±10)years (range 39-70 years). Among whom, there were 9 cases with hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 cases with colorectal cancer. A near-infrared light camera system was used to detect the liver surfaces before resection, and to plan resection line and surgical specimens. A student's t test was used to compare continuous parametric variables. Results: The ICG-fluorescent imaging and histological examination had been used in the 15 lesions of the 11 patients. Among the 15 lesions, 7 lesions were detected by visual inspections, palpation and ICG-fluorescent imaging, 6 lesions were identified only by ICG-fluorescent imaging, 2 lesions were detected only by ICG-fluorescent imaging after resection.Results of pathologic examination indicated that the total fluorescent type include 5 well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 cirrhotic nodule; the partial fluorescent type include 3 moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas and 1 well differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas; the rim fluorescent type included 2 liver metastatic carcinoma and 2 poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. The average diameter of the tumor size measured by CT was (1.7±0.2)cm, while the average diameter measured by ICG-fluorescent imaging was (1.7±0.3)cm(t=-0.188, P>0.05). Conclusion: Near-infrared technology guided by ICG has important value in planning resection line and real-time surgical navigation in small liver cancer.
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Lu P, Fang C, Cheng Q, Ke WJ, Huang T, Zhang J, Zheng HP, Yang B. Serum microRNA profiles in patients with syphilis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e326-e328. [PMID: 28079920 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lau TW, Fang C, Leung F. The effectiveness of a multidisciplinary hip fracture care model in improving the clinical outcome and the average cost of manpower. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:791-798. [PMID: 27888286 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED After the implementation of the multidisciplinary geriatric hip fracture clinical pathway in 2007, the hospital length of stay and the clinical outcomes improves. Moreover, the cost of manpower for each hip fracture decreases. It proves that this care model is cost-effective. INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes and the cost of manpower before and after the implementation of the multidisciplinary geriatric hip fracture clinical pathway (GHFCP). METHODS The hip fracture data from 2006 was compared with the data of four consecutive years since 2008. The efficiency of the program is assessed using the hospital length of stay. The clinical outcomes include mortality rates and complication rates are compared. Cost of manpower was also analysed. RESULTS After the implementation of the GHFCP, the preoperative length of stay shortened significantly from 5.8 days in 2006 to 1.3 days in 2011. The total length of stay in both acute and rehabilitation hospitals were also shortened by 6.1 days and 14.2 days, respectively. The postoperative pneumonia rate also decreased from 1.25 to 0.25%. The short- and long-term mortalities also showed a general improvement. Despite allied health manpower was increased to meet the increased workload, the shortened length of stay accounted for a mark decrease in cost of manpower per hip fracture case. CONCLUSION This study proves that the GHFCP shortened the geriatric hip fracture patients' length of stay and improves the clinical outcomes. It is also cost-effective which proves better care is less costly.
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Fang C, Shu Z, Gao D. Determination of cell membrane transport properties under temperature dynamic. Cryobiology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Park CS, Fang C, Ragland D, Adeola O. 0985 Effects of casein on digestibility of amino acids in distillers dried grains with solubles fed to pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zeng LK, Lou R, Wu DS, Xu QN, Guo PJ, Kong LY, Zhong YG, Ma JZ, Fu BB, Richard P, Wang P, Liu GT, Lu L, Huang YB, Fang C, Sun SS, Wang Q, Wang L, Shi YG, Weng HM, Lei HC, Liu K, Wang SC, Qian T, Luo JL, Ding H. Compensated Semimetal LaSb with Unsaturated Magnetoresistance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:127204. [PMID: 27689296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.127204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and quantum oscillation measurements, we performed a comprehensive investigation on the electronic structure of LaSb, which exhibits near-quadratic extremely large magnetoresistance (XMR) without any sign of saturation at magnetic fields as high as 40 T. We clearly resolve one spherical and one intersecting-ellipsoidal hole Fermi surfaces (FSs) at the Brillouin zone (BZ) center Γ and one ellipsoidal electron FS at the BZ boundary X. The hole and electron carriers calculated from the enclosed FS volumes are perfectly compensated, and the carrier compensation is unaffected by temperature. We further reveal that LaSb is topologically trivial but shares many similarities with the Weyl semimetal TaAs family in the bulk electronic structure. Based on these results, we have examined the mechanisms that have been proposed so far to explain the near-quadratic XMR in semimetals.
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Wang H, Ma YY, Zhang DW, Wu BY, Fang C, Chen L. [Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 45:646-647. [PMID: 27646897 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Li X, Huang R, Fang C, Wang Y, Liang X. Live birth rate after fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfers in relation to maternal age: a retrospective cochort study of 13426 cycles. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu X, Barrett DM, Jiang S, Fang C, Kalos M, Grupp SA, June CH, Zhao Y. Improved anti-leukemia activities of adoptively transferred T cells expressing bispecific T-cell engager in mice. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e430. [PMID: 27258611 PMCID: PMC5141353 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the impressive clinical efficacy of T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-Ts), the current applications of CAR-T cell therapy are limited by major treatment-related toxicity. Thus, safer yet effective alternative approaches must be developed. In this study, we compared CD19 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE)-transferred T cells that had been transfected by RNA electroporation with CD19 CAR RNA-transferred T cells both in vitro and in an aggressive Nalm6 leukemia mouse model. BiTEs were secreted from the transferred T cells and enabled both the transferred and bystander T cells to specifically recognize CD19+ cell lines, with increased tumor killing ability, prolonged functional persistence, increased cytokine production and potent proliferation compared with the CAR-T cells. More interestingly, in comparison with CD3/CD28 bead-stimulated T cells, T cells that were expanded by a rapid T-cell expansion protocol (REP) showed enhanced anti-tumor activities for both CAR and BiTE RNA-electroporated T cells both in vitro and in a Nalm6 mouse model (P<0.01). Furthermore, the REP T cells with BiTE RNAs showed greater efficacy in the Nalm6 leukemia model compared with REP T cells with CAR RNA (P<0.05) and resulted in complete leukemia remission.
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Wang H, Fang C, Cai L, Dong B, Deng J. Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment among the very old in China. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:475-82. [PMID: 26264248 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have confirmed that chronic kidney disease (CKD) influences the cognitive function of adults. However, few studies focused the relationships among the very old. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CKD is associated with cognitive impairment among nonagenarians and centenarians in China. METHOD This work was conducted as a cross-sectional study. 767 unrelated Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians participated in the study. The 30-item mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (Chinese version). CKD was defined as eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). RESULTS The cohort was 68.2 % female and mean (SD) age was 93.8 (3.5) years. There were 113 (14.7 %) and 577 (75.2 %) prevalent cases of CKD and cognitive impairment, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, multivariate logistic regression showed CKD was not significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR 0.81, 95 % CI 0.49-1.33). When other disease-related variables were adjusted, the result remained substantially unchanged. However, age, gender, education and income may largely or entirely explain the lack of association between CKD and cognitive impairment as measured according to the MMSE. CONCLUSION Among Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians, CKD was not directly correlated with cognitive impairment.
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Li YJ, Dai Q, Deng CY, Sun RX, Zheng J, Chen Z, Sun Y, Wang H, Yuan ZD, Fang C, Deng ZG. Field homogeneity improvement of maglev NdFeB magnetic rails from joints. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:372. [PMID: 27066380 PMCID: PMC4807185 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An ideal magnetic rail should provide a homogeneous magnetic field along the longitudinal direction to guarantee the reliable friction-free operation of high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev vehicles. But in reality, magnetic field inhomogeneity may occur due to lots of reasons; the joint gap is the most direct one. Joint gaps inevitably exist between adjacent segments and influence the longitudinal magnetic field homogeneity above the rail since any magnetic rails are consisting of many permanent magnet segments. To improve the running performance of maglev systems, two new rail joints are proposed based on the normal rail joint, which are named as mitered rail joint and overlapped rail joint. It is found that the overlapped rail joint has a better effect to provide a competitive homogeneous magnetic field. And the further structure optimization has been done to ensure maglev vehicle operation as stable as possible when passing through those joint gaps. The results show that the overlapped rail joint with optimal parameters can significantly reduce the magnetic field inhomogeneity comparing with the other two rail joints. In addition, an appropriate gap was suggested when balancing the thermal expansion of magnets and homogenous magnetic field, which is considered valuable references for the future design of the magnetic rails.
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Husainy M, Fang C, Nicolescu A, Lewis D, Vincent R, Kane P. Improving the radiological and biochemical success in adrenal venous sampling. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Luo X, Xie X, Yan F, Chen G, Zhao W, Jiang Z, Fang C, Shen J. Influences of teriparatide administration on marrow fat content in postmenopausal osteopenic women using MR spectroscopy. Climacteric 2016; 19:285-91. [PMID: 26744910 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1126576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Teriparatide could induce osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells while inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. However, there are significant differences between ex vivo and in vivo models. We aimed to evaluate the impact of teriparatide on marrow and abdominal fat accumulation in postmenopausal osteopenic women. Methods Postmenopausal osteopenic women were randomly assigned to receive teriparatide or placebo for 12 months. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), marrow fat fraction (MFF), bone density (BMD) and bone biomarkers were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Results At 12 months, mean percentage changes in BMD from baseline were 3.51%, 2.21% and 1.80% at lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck for the teriparatide group, respectively. Relative to baseline conditions, teriparatide reduced MFF (-3.54% at 6 months; -5.87% at 12 months, all p < 0.01). A significant difference in MFF, but not BMD, was first detected at 6 months (p = 0.012) between groups. MFF was negatively associated with SAT (r = -0.479) and positively associated with VAT (r = 0.531) and VAT/SAT (r = 0.415, all p < 0.05). Teriparatide treatment did not alter abdominal fat composition. Conclusion Teriparatide effectively lowers marrow adiposity but not abdominal fat accumulation in postmenopausal osteopenic women.
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Fang C, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of fluorosurfactants in firefighting foams. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated SERS (surface-enhanced Raman scattering) detection of fluorosurfactants (FSs), which are commonly formulated in aqueous firefighting foams (AFFFs), by increasing their loading affinity and boosting their Raman activity.
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Fang C, Song YT, Wei J, Xin JJ, Wu HP, Salminen A, Handroos H. Design and Analysis of the Laser Robotic Welding System for ITER Correction Coil Case. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-015-9915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ke Z, Zhu Z, Xu Z, Fang C, Hu S. Formulation Design and In vitro Evaluation of Berberine- Loaded Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Fang C, Schmitz L, Ferree PM. An unusually simple HP1 gene set in Hymenopteran insects. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:596-603. [PMID: 26419616 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) gene family includes a set of paralogs in higher eukaryotes that serve fundamental roles in heterochromatin structure and maintenance, and other chromatin-related functions. At least 10 full and 16 partial HP1 genes exist among Drosophila species, with multiple gene gains, losses, and sub-functionalizations within this insect group. An important question is whether this diverse set of HP1 genes and their dynamic evolution represent the standard rule in eukaryotic groups. Here we have begun to address this question by bio-informatically identifying the HP1 family genes in representative species of the insect order Hymenoptera, which includes all ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies. Compared to Drosophila species, Hymenopterans have a much simpler set of HP1 genes, including one full and two partial HP1s. All 3 genes appear to have been present in the common ancestor of the Hymenopterans and they derive from a Drosophila HP1B-like gene. In ants, a partial HP1 gene containing only a chromoshadow domain harbors amino acid changes at highly conserved sites within the PxVxL recognition region, suggesting that this gene has undergone sub-functionalization. In the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis, the full HP1 and partial chromoshadow-only HP1 are expressed in both germ line and somatic tissues. However, the partial chromodomain-only HP1 is expressed exclusively in the ovary and testis, suggesting that it may have a specialized chromatin role during gametogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that the HP1 gene family is much simpler and evolutionarily less dynamic within the Hymenopterans compared to the much younger Drosophila group, a pattern that may reflect major differences in the range of chromatin-related functions present in these and perhaps other insect groups.
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Vining V, Cotugna N, Fang C, Snider S. Dieting Habits of Men. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mak W, Fang C, Lin H. Pumilio 1 is required for normal primordial follicle formation during the perinatal period. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fang C, Gibson W, Lau TW, Fang B, Wong TM, Leung F. Important tips and numbers on using the cortical step and diameter difference sign in assessing femoral rotation--should we abandon the technique? Injury 2015; 46:1393-9. [PMID: 25912184 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Rotational malalignment during femoral nailing is common despite having various intraoperative assessment methods. The cortical step sign and diameter difference sign (CSSDDS) is commonly used because of convenience, yet it lack proper scientific scrutiny and is thought to be error prone. Using a software algorithm, cross-sectional dimensions were obtained from CT scans of 22 intact adult femurs at the proximal, mid and distal diaphysis. With multiple simulated scenarios the sensitivity of CSSDDS was comprehensively determined at all possible C-arm positions. At rotation, cortical width changed most significantly around the thick linea aspera and femoral diameter changed most significantly at the sagittal plane. At 15 degrees of rotation and with the linea aspera in view, CSSDDS thresholds of 0.3mm, 0.6mm and 1mm had sensitivities of 98.8%, 93.1% and 73.8%. With the linea aspera masked behind the femur and out of view, the sensitivities significantly deteriorated to 96.4%, 77.1% and 44.1% respectively. CSSDDS is sufficiently sensitive only when strict rules are followed. It is imperative that the operator position the image intensifier in lateral view under proper magnification so that steps of less than 0.6mm around the linea aspera may be appreciated.
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Sun JQ, Cheng X, Ding MD, Guo Y, Priest ER, Parnell CE, Edwards SJ, Zhang J, Chen PF, Fang C. Extreme ultraviolet imaging of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in a solar eruption. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7598. [PMID: 26113464 PMCID: PMC4491808 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection, a change of magnetic field connectivity, is a fundamental physical process in which magnetic energy is released explosively, and it is responsible for various eruptive phenomena in the universe. However, this process is difficult to observe directly. Here, the magnetic topology associated with a solar reconnection event is studied in three dimensions using the combined perspectives of two spacecraft. The sequence of extreme ultraviolet images clearly shows that two groups of oppositely directed and non-coplanar magnetic loops gradually approach each other, forming a separator or quasi-separator and then reconnecting. The plasma near the reconnection site is subsequently heated from ∼1 to ≥5 MK. Shortly afterwards, warm flare loops (∼3 MK) appear underneath the hot plasma. Other observational signatures of reconnection, including plasma inflows and downflows, are unambiguously revealed and quantitatively measured. These observations provide direct evidence of magnetic reconnection in a three-dimensional configuration and reveal its origin. Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental energy release process taking place in various astrophysical environments, but it is difficult to observe it directly. Here, the authors provide evidence of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in a solar eruption using combined perspectives of two spacecraft.
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