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Veitch J, Hume C, Salmon J, Crawford D, Ball K. What helps children to be more active and less sedentary? Perceptions of mothers living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Child Care Health Dev 2013; 39:94-102. [PMID: 22040271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing children's participation in physical activity and decreasing time spent in sedentary behaviours is of great importance to public health. Despite living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, some children manage to engage in health-promoting physical activity and avoid high levels of screen-based activities (i.e. watching TV, computer use and playing electronic games). Understanding how these children manage to do well and whether there are unique features of their home or neighbourhood that explain their success is important for informing strategies targeting less active and more sedentary children. The aim of this qualitative study was to gain in-depth insights from mothers regarding their child's resilience to low physical activity and high screen-time. METHODS Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 38 mothers of children who lived in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in urban and rural areas of Victoria, Australia. The interviews were designed to gain in-depth insights about perceived individual, social and physical environmental factors influencing resilience to low physical activity and high screen-time. RESULTS Themes relating to physical activity that emerged from the interviews included: parental encouragement, support and modelling; sports culture in a rural town; the physical home and neighbourhood environment; child's individual personality; and dog ownership. Themes relating to screen-time behaviours encompassed: parental control; and child's individual preferences. CONCLUSIONS The results offer important insights into potential avenues for developing 'resilience' and increasing physical activity and reducing screen-time among children living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. In light of the negative effects of low physical activity and high levels of screen-time on children's health, this evidence is urgently needed.
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Goot K, Hazeldine S, Bentley P, Olynyk J, Crawford D. Elevated serum ferritin - what should GPs know? AUSTRALIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 2012; 41:945-949. [PMID: 23210117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum ferritin is commonly encountered in general practice. Ninety percent of elevated serum ferritin is due to noniron overload conditions, where venesection therapy is not the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE This article aims to outline the role of the Australian Red Cross Blood Service Therapeutic Venesection program, to clarify the interpretation of the HFE gene test and iron studies, and to describe the steps in evaluating a patient with elevated serum ferritin. DISCUSSION After exclusion of hereditary haemochromatosis, investigation of elevated serum ferritin involves identifying alcohol consumption, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, malignancy, infection or inflammation as causative factors. Referral to a gastroenterologist, haematologist or physician with an interest in iron overload is appropriate if serum ferritin is >1000 µg/L or if the cause of elevated serum ferritin is still unclear.
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Cleland V, Sodergren M, Otahal P, Timperio A, Ball K, Crawford D, Salmon J, McNaughton S. Are physical environments and physical activity differentially associated by urban-rural status among mid-older aged adults? The WELL study. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Veitch J, Salmon J, Ball K, Crawford D, Timperio A. Features of public open spaces: Are there differences between urban and rural areas? J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Carver A, Timperio A, Crawford D. Young and free? A study of children's independent mobility in urban and rural Australia. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hesketh K, Salmon J, Crawford D, Abbott G, Campbell K. How do infants spend their time? Physical activity and restraint in 3, 9 and 19 month old children. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Harrison KD, Kadaba NS, Kelly RB, Crawford D. Building a Life Sciences Innovation Ecosystem. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:157fs37. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Dixon H, Scully M, Kelly B, Chapman K, Donovan R, Martin J, Baur L, Crawford D, Maloney S, Wakefield M. Can counter-advertising reduce parent's susceptibility to nutrition content claims and sports celebrity endorsements on energy-dense, nutrient poor foods? Experimental research. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Morley B, Scully M, Niven P, Baur L, Crawford D, Flood V, Okely A, Pratt S, Salmon J, Wakefield M. Fail! Australian secondary school students’ adherence to national dietary and physical activity recommendations. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Salazar R, Jones RJ, Oaknin A, Crawford D, Cuadra C, Hopkins C, Gil M, Coronado C, Soto-Matos A, Cullell-Young M, Iglesias Dios JL, Evans TRJ. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of elisidepsin (PM02734) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 70:673-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Paul-Clark MJ, George PM, Gatheral T, Parzych K, Wright WR, Crawford D, Bailey LK, Reed DM, Mitchell JA. Pharmacology and therapeutic potential of pattern recognition receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:200-15. [PMID: 22627269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologists have used pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for decades as a stimulus for studying mediators involved in inflammation and for the screening of anti-inflammatory compounds. However, in the view of immunologists, LPS was too non-specific for studying the mechanisms of immune signalling in infection and inflammation, as no receptors had been identified. This changed in the late 1990s with the discovery of the Toll-like receptors. These 'pattern recognition receptors' (PRRs) were able to recognise highly conserved sequences, the so called pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present in or on pathogens. This specificity of particular PAMPs and their newly defined receptors provided a common ground between pharmacologists and immunologists for the study of inflammation. PRRs also recognise endogenous agonists, the so called danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which can result in sterile inflammation. The signalling pathways and ligands of many PRRs have now been characterised and there is no doubt that this rich vein of research will aid the discovery of new therapeutics for infectious conditions and chronic inflammatory disease.
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Williams L, Abbott G, Crawford D, Ball K. Associations between mothers' perceptions of the cost of fruit and vegetables and children's diets: Will children pay the price? Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 66:276-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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63
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Crawford D, Blohm G. Calculation of accurate 3-D reach commands from initial retinal and extra-retinal conditions. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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65
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Hesketh K, Campbell K, Crawford D, Salmon J, Ball K, McNaughton S, McCallum Z. O1-5.1 Cluster-randomised controlled trial of an early childhood obesity prevention program: the Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) program. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976a.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Baird RD, Venugopal B, Kristeleit RS, Charlton J, Blanco-Codesido M, Saunders E, Shah KJ, Crawford D, Stephens P, Wilkins D, Sweeting L, Forslund A, Smit JW, Palmer PA, Fourneau N, Hellemans P, De Bono JS, Plummer R, Banerji U, Evans TRJ. A first-in-human phase I study of JNJ-26481585, a novel oral histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), in patients with advanced cancer with evidence of target modulation and antitumor activity. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tak N, Te Velde S, Oenema A, Van der Horst K, Timperio A, Crawford D, Brug J. The association between home environmental variables and soft drink consumption among adolescents. Exploration of mediation by individual cognitions and habit strength. Appetite 2011; 56:503-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Thomas GB, Crawford D. London Tideway Tunnels: tackling London's Victorian legacy of combined sewer overflows. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2011; 63:80-87. [PMID: 21245557 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It takes a few millimetres of rainfall to cause the 34 most polluting combined sewer overflows (CSOs) to discharge into the River Thames. Currently, in a typical year, spillages to the tidal reaches of the River Thames occur about 60 times, with an estimated spill volume of 39 million cubic metres. Both the UK Government and the European Union have determined that the CSO discharges have an adverse environmental impact on fish species, introduce unacceptable aesthetics and elevate the health risks for recreational users of the Thames, with a frequency of discharge which is in breach of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. Studies have established that the environmental objectives can be fully met on the most cost-effective basis by completing both quality improvements to treatment works and by the provision of a storage and transfer tunnel to intercept unsatisfactory CSOs. Extensive modelling has been undertaken to develop an optimised solution. In parallel with the design development a rigorous and comprehensive site selection methodology has been established to select sites and consult stakeholders and the public on the preferred sites and scheme, with the first stage of public consultation planned for later in 2010. The London Tideway Tunnels are an essential part of the delivery of improvements to the water quality of the tidal River Thames, and this ambitious, historic scheme represents a vital strategic investment in London's infrastructure.
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Baleriola C, Rawlinson WD, Dore GJ, Chaverot S, Stelzer-Braid S, Yoshihara M, Crawford D, Sievert W, McCaughan G, Weltman M, Cheng W, Rizkalla B, Dubois D, Thommes J, Roberts S. Effect of low-level HCV viraemia at week 24 on HCV treatment response in genotype 1 patients. Antivir Ther 2011; 16:173-80. [DOI: 10.3851/imp1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pearson N, Ball K, Crawford D. Predictors of changes in adolescent eating behaviours. Obes Res Clin Pract 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2010.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cheng WSC, Roberts SK, McCaughan G, Sievert W, Weltman M, Crawford D, Rawlinson W, Marks PS, Thommes J, Rizkalla B, Yoshihara M, Dore GJ. Low virological response and high relapse rates in hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with advanced fibrosis despite adequate therapeutic dosing. J Hepatol 2010; 53:616-23. [PMID: 20619475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The impact of fibrosis stage on chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment response was explored in CHARIOT, a study of high dose peginterferon alfa-2a (PEG-IFNalpha-2a) induction therapy in treatment naïve genotype 1 infection. METHODS Eight hundred and ninety-six patients were randomised 1:1 to 360 microg (n=448) or 180 microg (n=448) PEG-IFNalpha-2a weekly with RBV 1000-1200 mg/day for 12 weeks followed by 36 weeks of 180 microg PEG-IFNalpha-2a weekly plus RBV 1000-1200 mg/day. Virological responses were assessed at week 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 (end of therapy), and 24 weeks following therapy (sustained virological response, SVR). As previously reported, there was no significant difference in SVR in the induction (53%) and standard (50%) arms, therefore the pooled study population was used for analysis of SVR and relapse. RESULTS A marked step-wise decline in SVR was evident by fibrosis stage: F0 (70%); F1 (60%); F2 (51%); F3 (31%); F4 (10%) (p<0.0001). Early virological responses were lower among F3/4 patients, including rapid virological response (RVR) (21% vs. 34% for F3/4 and F0-2, respectively) (p=0.0072), and the RVR positive predictive value was also lower (63% vs. 80%). Virological relapse rates were similar in early disease stages (F0, 16%; F1, 23%; F2, 26%), but increased markedly in advanced fibrosis (F3, 50%; F4, 80%) (p<0.0001). Cumulative PEG-IFNalpha-2a and ribavirin doses were similar among patients with F3/4 and F0-2 within treatment arms through week 4, 8, 12, and week 24. CONCLUSIONS Low virological response in hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with advanced fibrosis is not explained by inadequate cumulative PEG-IFN and ribavirin doses.
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Veitch J, Salmon J, Timperio A, Crawford D, Abbott G, Giles-Corti B. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the neighbourhood environment and sedentary behaviours among children. Obes Res Clin Pract 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2010.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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75
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Hinkley T, Salmon J, Hesketh K, Crawford D, Okely A. Parental influences on preschool children's physical activity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2010.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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