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Grossi P, Bertoni G, Cappelli FP, Trevisi E. Effects of the precalving administration of omega-3 fatty acids alone or in combination with acetylsalicylic acid in periparturient dairy cows1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2657-66. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Osorio J, Trevisi E, Ballou M, Bertoni G, Drackley J, Loor J. Effect of the level of maternal energy intake prepartum on immunometabolic markers, polymorphonuclear leukocyte function, and neutrophil gene network expression in neonatal Holstein heifer calves. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3573-87. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Graugnard D, Moyes K, Trevisi E, Khan M, Keisler D, Drackley J, Bertoni G, Loor J. Liver lipid content and inflammometabolic indices in peripartal dairy cows are altered in response to prepartal energy intake and postpartal intramammary inflammatory challenge. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:918-35. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Loor JJ, Bertoni G, Hosseini A, Roche JR, Trevisi E. Functional welfare – using biochemical and molecular technologies to understand better the welfare state of peripartal dairy cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/an12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal welfare is an important social construct showing that humans recognise the sentient nature of animals and manage them accordingly; however, because the concept differs depending on individual perceptions of the acceptability of different practices and appropriate endpoint measurements, objective evaluation of an animal’s welfare state is challenging. A good level of welfare, however, is not achieved merely by the absence of difficulties (e.g. pain, injury, disease, distress) but by the animal’s capacity to overcome them. Production-oriented (utilitarian) opinions contend that high production indicates good welfare, as an animal must be healthy and well nourished to achieve it. Although there is truth in this premise, high production can, in itself, result in stresses, with no obvious signs that potentially predispose animals to ill health. The focus of the present paper is on peripartal dairy cattle as it relates to development of better measures for an objective evaluation of welfare state. Advances in high-throughput metabolite (metabolomics) and gene expression (transcriptomics) analysis techniques have enabled the rapid identification of multiple biomarkers that, in combination, reflect the metabolic and immunocompetence functional capacity of the animal. With this knowledge, the effects of management, nutrition, physiological state, and their interactions can be evaluated for their effect on functional capacity. As the links between metabolism, immunology (immunometabolism) and mental state are elucidated, these techniques also offer a means to assess whether the animal also experiences feelings of malaise. Collectively, these measurements, thus, can indicate ‘functional welfare’, which encompasses biological function, physical state, and some components of mental state as part of animal welfare.
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Soriani N, Trevisi E, Calamari L. Relationships between rumination time, metabolic conditions, and health status in dairy cows during the transition period1. J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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106
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Trevisi E, Amadori M, Cogrossi S, Razzuoli E, Bertoni G. Metabolic stress and inflammatory response in high-yielding, periparturient dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:695-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marconi V, Carraro E, Trevisi E, Capelli C, Martinuzzi A, Zamparo P. The Locomotory Index in diplegic and hemiplegic children: the effects of age and speed on the energy cost of walking. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2012; 48:403-412. [PMID: 22820823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The energy cost of locomotion (C) is a useful tool for quantifying the level of walking disability in the clinical evaluation of patients with cerebral palsy (CP). In addition to clinical condition, also age and velocity (v) can influence C, a fact that is often overlooked. AIM To show: i) that C differs in the clinical subtypes of CP (hemiplegia or diplegia) and ii) that C should be measured at comparable speeds in CP patients and controls (of the same age). DESIGN Controlled study. SETTING Pediatric Rehabilitation Unit of "E. Medea" Scientific Institute (Conegliano, TV); Exercise Physiology Lab of University of Verona. POPULATION Forty-three CP children (32 diplegic: Dg; 11 hemiplegic: Hg) and 20 healthy children (Cg) with an age range of 4-14 years. METHODS C was measured as the ratio of net oxygen uptake to walking speed (at v from 1 to 6 km·h(-1)). The Locomotory index (LI) was calculated as the ratio of C in Dg/Hg and Cg (of the same age) at the same speed. RESULTS C decreases with increasing speed in all groups but evolves differently in Hg and Dg: in the former C decreases by increasing age, becoming similar to that of Cg at 12-14 years; in the latter C does not change as a function of age being always larger than in Cg. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Our data highlight the reduction in C with increasing speed and suggest a better prognosis of locomotion for Hg compared to Dg.
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Russo E, Trevisi E, Zulian F, Battaglia MA, Viel D, Facchin D, Chiusso A, Martinuzzi A. Psychological profile in children and adolescents with severe course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:841375. [PMID: 22629213 PMCID: PMC3354719 DOI: 10.1100/2012/841375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic pediatric rheumatic disease. It is recognized that only reliance on clinical signs of disease outcome is inadequate for understanding the impact of illness and its treatment on child's life and functioning. There is a need for a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to children with arthritis which considers both physical and emotional functioning. This study investigated the psychosocial functioning of children and adolescent with JIA and the disease-related changes in their family. Methods. The sample consisted of 33 hospitalized patients, aged 6–16 years. Both parents and the children were given a number of questionnaire to fill out. Clinical information was extracted from the interviews. Results. Self-reported psychological functioning (depression, anxiety, and behavior) was not different from the normal population; however significant psychological suffering was detected by the clinical interview. Conclusions. Children and adolescents with JIA do not show overt psychopathology by structured assessment; nevertheless a more clinically oriented holistic approach confirms JIA as a disrupting event causing relevant changes in the quality of life of the affected families.
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Graugnard D, Bionaz M, Trevisi E, Moyes K, Salak-Johnson J, Wallace R, Drackley J, Bertoni G, Loor J. Blood immunometabolic indices and polymorphonuclear neutrophil function in peripartum dairy cows are altered by level of dietary energy prepartum. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1749-58. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Trevisi E, Gualdi S, De Conti C, Salghetti A, Martinuzzi A, Pedrocchi A, Ferrante S. Cycling induced by functional electrical stimulation in children affected by cerebral palsy: case report. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2012; 48:135-145. [PMID: 21508913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling have been demonstrated on the improvement of strength and motor control in adults with stroke. FES-cycling, providing a repetitive goal-oriented task, could facilitate cortical reorganization and utilization of residual cortico-spinal pathways. These benefits could be more enhanced in children because of the greater plasticity and flexibility of their central nervous system. AIM The aim of the present case report study was to explore the feasibility of FES-cycling in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to provide a set of instrumental measures able to evaluate the effects of this novel treatment on cycling and walking ability. DESIGN Interventional study. SETTING AND POPULATION Two ambulant outpatient children with diplegic CP were recruited by the "E. Medea" Scientific Institute. METHODS Patients followed a FES-cycling treatment for 30 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 7 weeks. Pre and post treatment tests were performed, namely clinical measures and electromyographic, kinematic and oxygen expenditure analysis during gait and cycling. RESULTS The treatment was safe, feasible and well accepted by the 2 children. After treatment both patients achieved a more symmetrical muscular strategy during voluntary cycling and gait and a significant reduction of muscle co-contractions during cycling. These improvements were corroborated by a decrease in oxygen expenditure during the post test for one of the two children, the less impaired, implying a better exploiting of bi-articular muscles. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT FES-cycling is feasible and safe and it may be an alternative rehabilitation method for diplegic CP patients. The set of instrumental measurements proposed seems to be a valuable tool for functional assessment to identify subclinical anomalies and improvements on cycling and gait in CP patients.
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Trevisi E, Ferrari AR, Bertoni G. Productive and metabolic consequences induced by the retained placenta in dairy cows. Vet Res Commun 2009; 32 Suppl 1:S363-6. [PMID: 18712615 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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112
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Trevisi E, Amadori M, Bakudila AM, Bertoni G. Metabolic changes in dairy cows induced by oral, low-dose interferon-alpha treatment1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:3020-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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113
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Bertoni G, Trevisi E, Han X, Bionaz M. Effects of Inflammatory Conditions on Liver Activity in Puerperium Period and Consequences for Performance in Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:3300-10. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-0995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Martinuzzi A, Liava A, Trevisi E, Antoniazzi L, Frare M. Chronic therapy for McArdle disease: the randomized trial with ACE inhibitor. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2007; 26:64-6. [PMID: 17915574 PMCID: PMC2949319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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115
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Bionaz M, Trevisi E, Calamari L, Librandi F, Ferrari A, Bertoni G. Plasma Paraoxonase, Health, Inflammatory Conditions, and Liver Function in Transition Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:1740-50. [PMID: 17369214 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase (PON) is a liver protein with hydrolase activity that is released into the blood stream. Paraoxonase may serve as an index of liver function because it is drastically reduced in chronic liver damage. Sixty-seven periparturient dairy cows were used to evaluate the relationship between plasma PON, health problems, inflammatory conditions, and liver function. Baseline plasma PON concentrations during the first 30 d in milk (DIM) were retrospectively used to group cows into quartiles. Metabolic profile, lipid metabolites (e.g., nonesterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate), inflammatory indices (haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin), low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, vitamin A, vitamin E, reactive oxygen metabolites, total antioxidants, and PON in plasma were measured 2 wk before to 8 wk after calving. Weekly milk yield, body condition score, and all health problems were recorded. After parturition (7 DIM), cows in the lower PON group had the lowest plasma concentrations of negative acute phase proteins compared with the higher PON group for retinol binding protein (23.2 +/- 2.86 vs. 36.0 +/- 2.96 microg/dL of vitamin A), albumin (31.6 +/- 0.73 vs. 33.9 +/- 0.75 g/L), total cholesterol (2.04 +/- 0.30 vs. 2.45 +/- 0.42 mmol/L), and the highest concentrations of haptoglobin (0.67 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.03 g/L; positive acute phase protein) and globulins (37.2 vs. 32.3 +/- 1.4 g/L). Plasma bilirubin was highest in the cows (10.1 vs. 6.2 +/- 0.6 micromol/L) in the lowest PON quartile. Plasma PON was negatively correlated with haptoglobin (r = -0.39) and bilirubin (r = -0.42) and positively correlated with retinol binding protein (r = 0.54), albumin (r = 0.38), and cholesterol (r = 0.55) fractions. A total of 82.3% of cows in the lower quartile and no cows in the upper quartile experienced serious inflammation. Lower quartile cows produced 28.1 +/- 10.3 kg of milk/d; whereas upper quartile cows produced 38.3 +/- 7.7 kg of milk/d during the first 30 DIM. A reduction in the ability of the liver to cope with the increased metabolic demand near parturition in dairy cows can be diagnosed using changes in baseline plasma PON.
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Cappelli FP, Trevisi E, Mbuta B, Gubbiotti A. Change of selenium in plasma of dairy cows receiving two levels of sodium-selenite during the transition period. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bertoni G, Lombardelli R, Trevisi E. Circadian blood variations and performance effects
in dairy cows fed during the day or the night. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2004. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/73966/2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bertoni G, Trevisi E, Piccioli-Cappelli F. Effects of Acetyl-salicylate Used in Post-calving of Dairy Cows. Vet Res Commun 2004; 28 Suppl 1:217-9. [PMID: 15372961 DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000045410.86004.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
In recent years a progressive worsening of fertility indices in dairy cow herds has been observed. Several factors (genetic, dietary and management) seem to be more related to poor fertility than milk yield level. The degree and the length of the energy deficit during the transition period are inversely related to reproductive indices (e.g. conception rate is <30% for BCS decreases over one unit). A serious energy deficit reduces (or suppresses) pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins (ovarian dysfunction and/or smaller follicles): IGF-I and insulin plasma levels (slower follicle growth and higher embryonic mortality); and progesterone production from the corpus luteum (higher rate of embryonic abortions). The diet influences fertility in several ways. Excess of rumen degradable proteins, apart from negative energy balance, negatively affects reproductive activity. Conversely, some nutrients (i.e. some polyunsaturated fatty acids or some amino acids) seem to show positive effects on fertility. Finally, the relationship between health status, often compromised during the transition period, and fertility efficiency is discussed. The release of cytokines seems to be related directly and indirectly (mainly by the change in usual hepatic metabolism to the malfunction of reproductive apparatus. Quick recovery of reproductive activity requires the adoption of strategies around calving to cover the higher environmental and nutritive requirements and to prevent disorders of any kind.
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Bertoni G, Trevisi E, Ferrari A, Archetti I. Preliminary Studies on Compatibility between High Yield Levels and the Well-being of Dairy Cows. Vet Res Commun 2003; 27 Suppl 1:639-41. [PMID: 14535486 DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000014236.97129.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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121
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Trevisi E, Bani P, Bertoni G. Effect of the Use of Maize-silage with Low Aerobic Stability on the Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows. Vet Res Commun 2003; 27 Suppl 1:273-5. [PMID: 14535408 DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000014158.33631.bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hoeben D, Burvenich C, Trevisi E, Bertoni G, Hamann J, Bruckmaier RM, Blum JW. Role of endotoxin and TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced coliform mastitis in periparturient cows. J DAIRY RES 2000; 67:503-14. [PMID: 11131064 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900004489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Twelve cows were experimentally infected in two quarters with 1 x 10(4) cfu Escherichia coli per quarter and six cows were infused with 500 microg endotoxin into two quarters. Six cows infected intramammarily with Esch. coli were treated intravenously with a bactericidal antibiotic 10 h after infection and subcutaneously 20 h later. Blood and milk samples were collected from all cows at regular time intervals. Milk production decreased more rapidly, but was less pronounced, after endotoxin infusion than (during Esch. coli mastitis. The milk production losses in the noninflamed quarters were negligible in endotoxin mastitis, but were substantial during Esch. coli mastitis, probably due to more pronounced systemic effects. Reticulorumen motility was inhibited only during Esch. coli mastitis. Changes in plasma haptoglobin were more pronounced during Esch. coli mastitis, although they occurred sooner during endotoxin mastitis. No changes in plasma activities of enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were observed. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha increased in both types of mastitis. Absorption of these cytokines into the circulation was highest during Esch. coli mastitis, especially in the untreated control group. We found only minor differences between the treated and untreated Esch. coli groups, but there were larger differences between the Esch. coli groups and the endotoxin group. These differences were probably due to differences in kinetics, composition and amounts of different cytokines released in the mammary gland and subsequently absorption into the circulation. Endotoxin is probably not directly responsible for the systemic changes during coliform mastitis.
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