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Schneider M, Richter MJR, Carreira EM. Total Synthesis of (-)-Mitrephorone A Enabled by Stereoselective Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition and Tetrasubstituted Olefin Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17802-17809. [PMID: 33021371 PMCID: PMC7564100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A highly enantioselective and
diastereoselective total
synthesis of the diterpenoid (−)-mitrephorone A is presented.
Key to the synthesis are stereocontrolled 1,4-semihydrogenation
of a 1,3-diene to a tetrasubstituted double bond, enzyme-catalyzed
malonate desymmetrization, and highly diastereoselective nitrile
oxide cycloaddition. The streamlined strategy is a considerable improvement
to those reported earlier in terms of diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
For the first time, the combination of modern Pd-cross-coupling with
Cr-catalyzed reduction allows for rapid access to tetrasubstituted
olefins with full stereocontrol.
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Sarott RC, Westphal MV, Pfaff P, Korn C, Sykes DA, Gazzi T, Brennecke B, Atz K, Weise M, Mostinski Y, Hompluem P, Koers E, Miljuš T, Roth NJ, Asmelash H, Vong MC, Piovesan J, Guba W, Rufer AC, Kusznir EA, Huber S, Raposo C, Zirwes EA, Osterwald A, Pavlovic A, Moes S, Beck J, Benito-Cuesta I, Grande T, Ruiz de Martı N Esteban S, Yeliseev A, Drawnel F, Widmer G, Holzer D, van der Wel T, Mandhair H, Yuan CY, Drobyski WR, Saroz Y, Grimsey N, Honer M, Fingerle J, Gawrisch K, Romero J, Hillard CJ, Varga ZV, van der Stelt M, Pacher P, Gertsch J, McCormick PJ, Ullmer C, Oddi S, Maccarrone M, Veprintsev DB, Nazaré M, Grether U, Carreira EM. Development of High-Specificity Fluorescent Probes to Enable Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Studies in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16953-16964. [PMID: 32902974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) holds promise for the treatment of numerous conditions, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, pain, and cancer. Despite the significance of this receptor, researchers lack reliable tools to address questions concerning the expression and complex mechanism of CB2R signaling, especially in cell-type and tissue-dependent contexts. Herein, we report for the first time a versatile ligand platform for the modular design of a collection of highly specific CB2R fluorescent probes, used successfully across applications, species, and cell types. These include flow cytometry of endogenously expressing cells, real-time confocal microscopy of mouse splenocytes and human macrophages, as well as FRET-based kinetic and equilibrium binding assays. High CB2R specificity was demonstrated by competition experiments in living cells expressing CB2R at native levels. The probes were effectively applied to FACS analysis of microglial cells derived from a mouse model relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
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Muri J, Wolleb H, Broz P, Carreira EM, Kopf M. Electrophilic Nrf2 activators and itaconate inhibit inflammation at low dose and promote IL-1β production and inflammatory apoptosis at high dose. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101647. [PMID: 32863237 PMCID: PMC7387846 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling inflammation is critical for preventing many diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders and hypersensitivity reactions. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that controls the cellular antioxidant and cytoprotective response. Moreover, Nrf2 has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory processes, although the ultimate mechanism by which this is achieved is unknown. Here, we investigated mechanisms of inflammation and cell death pathways induced by a variety of Nrf2 activators including dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and the endogenous metabolite itaconate. We found that exposure of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to low concentrations of a variety of electrophilic Nrf2 activators including itaconate prior to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation inhibits transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin [IL]-12 and IL-1β) by activation of Nrf2. By contrast, high doses of these electrophilic compounds after TLR activation promote inflammatory apoptosis and caspase-8-dependent IL-1β processing and release independently of Nrf2. Interestingly, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a non-electrophilic Nrf2-activator, failed to induce IL-1β production. These results have important implications for clinical application of electrophilic compounds.
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Vorobyeva E, Gerken VC, Mitchell S, Sabadell-Rendón A, Hauert R, Xi S, Borgna A, Klose D, Collins SM, Midgley PA, Kepaptsoglou DM, Ramasse QM, Ruiz-Ferrando A, Fako E, Ortuño MA, López N, Carreira EM, Pérez-Ramírez J. Activation of Copper Species on Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Activity in the Arylation of Amines. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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56
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Carreira EM, Chirik PJ, Miller SJ. Actions at J. Org. Chem., Org. Lett. and Organometallics to Combat Discrimination and Bias. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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57
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Carreira EM, Chirik PJ, Miller SJ. Actions at J. Org. Chem., Org. Lett., and Organometallics to Combat Discrimination and Bias. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10285-10286. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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58
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Carreira EM, Chirik PJ, Miller SJ. Actions at J. Org. Chem., Org. Lett., and Organometallics to Combat Discrimination and Bias. Org Lett 2020; 22:6221-6222. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59
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Glatz F, Petrone DA, Carreira EM. Ir-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Diversely Protected Allenylic Amines Employing Ammonia Surrogates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16404-16408. [PMID: 32558158 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first iridium catalyzed, enantioconvergent amination of allenylic carbonates is reported. This process utilizes various commercially available carbamates and sulfonamides to generate allenylic amines including commonly employed protected groups (Boc, Fmoc, Cbz, Ts, Ns) in 62-82 % yield and 87-98 % ee. The products generated through this scalable procedure serve as effective linchpins for the rapid, enantiospecific synthesis of a wide range of complex structures.
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Glatz F, Petrone DA, Carreira EM. Ir‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Synthesis of Diversely Protected Allenylic Amines Employing Ammonia Surrogates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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61
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Sandmeier T, Sievertsen N, Carreira EM. Derailed
Ohira‐Bestmann
Reaction of
γ
,
δ
‐Unsaturated Aldehydes for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopenta[
c
]pyrazoles. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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62
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Eichenberger S, Hönig M, Richter MJR, Gershoni-Poranne R, Carreira EM. Ring-fused cyclobutanes via cycloisomerization of alkylidenecyclopropane acylsilanes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5294-5298. [PMID: 34122987 PMCID: PMC8159344 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel Lewis acid-catalyzed cycloisomerization of alkylidenecyclopropane acylsilanes is disclosed. The readily available starting materials participate in tandem Prins addition/ring expansion/1,2-silyl shift to grant access to bicyclo[4.2.0]octanes and bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes, which are common motifs in terpenoid natural products. Notably, the transformation relies on the ability of acylsilanes to act sequentially as acceptors and donors on the same carbon atom. A novel Lewis acid-catalyzed cycloisomerization of alkylidenecyclopropane acylsilanes is disclosed that involves tandem Prins addition/ring expansion/1,2-silyl shift to grant access to bicyclo[4.2.0]octanes and bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes.![]()
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Hauser N, Kraft P, Carreira EM. The Serendipitous Discovery of a Rose Odorant. Chimia (Aarau) 2020; 74:247-251. [PMID: 32331541 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2020.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serendipity has played a role in many groundbreaking scientific discoveries. Key to their identification and exploitation is the ability to recognize the unexpected and invest time trying to understand it. Like any other field of scientific research, total synthesis requires determination and perseverance. When the first-generation route towards a target compound fails, new approaches are developed based on insights gained in the initial studies. Careful analysis of data obtained in a 'failed' approach, e.g. when a reaction did not yield the desired or any expected outcome, can lead to spectacularly improved routes and discoveries that have impact beyond the synthesis of the selected target compound. Serendipity has further led to the identification of intriguing properties that materials or single molecules have, as exemplified by the discovery of electrically conductive polymers. During our total synthesis endeavors towards a complex natural product, we identified a small molecule with interesting olfactory properties, which we decided to investigate further.
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Rössler SL, Jelier BJ, Magnier E, Dagousset G, Carreira EM, Togni A. Pyridinium Salts as Redox‐Active Functional Group Transfer Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9264-9280. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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65
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Rössler SL, Jelier BJ, Magnier E, Dagousset G, Carreira EM, Togni A. Pyridiniumsalze als redoxaktive Reagenzien zur Übertragung funktioneller Gruppen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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66
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Schreib BS, Fadel M, Carreira EM. Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Alkynylation of Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7818-7822. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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67
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Schreib BS, Fadel M, Carreira EM. Palladiumkatalysierte C‐H‐Alkinylierung unaktivierter Alkene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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68
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Gropp C, Fischer S, Husch T, Trapp N, Carreira EM, Diederich F. Molecular Recognition and Cocrystallization of Methylated and Halogenated Fragments of Danicalipin A by Enantiopure Alleno-Acetylenic Cage Receptors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4749-4755. [PMID: 32114766 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure (P)4- and (M)4-configured alleno-acetylenic cage (AAC) receptors offer a highly defined interior for the complexation and structure elucidation of small molecule fragments of the stereochemically complex chlorosulfolipid danicalipin A. Solution (NMR), solid state (X-ray), and theoretical investigations of the formed host-guest complexes provide insight into the conformational preferences of 14 achiral and chiral derivatives of the danicalipin A chlorohydrin core in a confined, mostly hydrophobic environment, extending previously reported studies in polar solvents. The conserved binding mode of the guests permits deciphering the effect of functional group replacements on Gibbs binding energies ΔG. A strong contribution of conformational energies toward the binding affinities is revealed, which explains why the denser packing of larger apolar domains of the guests does not necessarily lead to higher association. Enantioselective binding of chiral guests, with energetic differences ΔΔG293 K up to 0.7 kcal mol-1 between diastereoisomeric complexes, is explained by hydrogen- and halogen-bonding, as well as dispersion interactions. Calorimetric studies (ITC) show that the stronger binding of one enantiomer is accompanied by an increased gain in enthalpy ΔH but at the cost of a larger entropic penalty TΔS stemming from tighter binding.
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Hunter AM, Carreira EM, Miller SJ. Encouraging Submission of FAIR Data at The Journal of Organic Chemistry and Organic Letters. Org Lett 2020; 22:1231-1232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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70
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Hunter AM, Carreira EM, Miller SJ. Encouraging Submission of FAIR Data at The Journal of Organic Chemistry and Organic Letters. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1773-1774. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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71
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Carreira EM, Nenajdenko VG, Miller SJ, Chirik PJ, Meyer K. From Russia, With Chemistry. Org Lett 2020; 22:765-767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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72
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Carreira EM, Nenajdenko VG, Miller SJ, Chirik PJ, Meyer K. From Russia, With Chemistry. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1325-1327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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73
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74
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Sandmeier T, Carreira EM. Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed α-Allylation with Aqueous Solutions of Acetaldehyde. Org Lett 2020; 22:1135-1138. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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75
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Carreira EM. 2019: A Tremendous Year for Organic Letters. Org Lett 2020; 22:345-347. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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