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Shim KW, Lee YH, Park EK, Park YS, Choi JU, Kim DS. Treatment option for arachnoid cysts. Childs Nerv Syst 2009; 25:1459-66. [PMID: 19536550 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-009-0930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to establish which treatment is the best operative intervention for arachnoid cyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed a series of 209 cases with arachnoid cysts focusing on the effectiveness and safety. The cysts were treated with several surgical procedures including open surgery for fenestration, endoscopic fenestration, or cystoperitoneal shunting. RESULTS Follow-up imaging studies showed that 176 out of 209 arachnoid cysts (84.2%) reduced in size during a mean postoperative follow-up period of 6.9 years (range, 1 to 14 years). Although a cystoperitoneal shunt was the best method for early achieving an obliteration of the sylvian cyst (89%), it had the danger of shunt dependency (42%) in addition to four early complications. Although endoscopic fenestration tended to be less effective in reducing the size of a sylvian cyst, it was safe and particularly effective in completely obliterating a suprasellar, quadrigeminal, and prepontine cyst. CONCLUSION Although the shunt for arachnoid cyst can get the more rapid good radiological outcome, the shunt-related complication and dependency would be hazardous. We suggest that endoscopic or reduced open procedures offer the advantage of avoiding a large craniotomy or the known complications of a cystoperitoneal shunt in treatment of arachnoid cysts. We could get the nearly same surgical outcome without shunt complications with endoscopic or open procedures.
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Park EK, Park MJ, Lee SH, Li YC, Kim J, Lee JS, Lee JW, Ye SK, Park JW, Kim CW, Park BK, Kim YN. Cholesterol depletion induces anoikis-like apoptosis via FAK down-regulation and caveolae internalization. J Pathol 2009; 218:337-49. [PMID: 19288501 DOI: 10.1002/path.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae (lipid rafts), microdomains of the plasma membrane, are known to contain various signalling molecules and consequently are involved in the regulation of many biological functions. To investigate the role of the caveolae in cell survival and adhesion, we disrupted the caveolae by depletion of cholesterol, a major lipid component of the caveolae, with methyl-beta cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) treatment of A431 cells. We found that cholesterol depletion induced an anoikis-like cell death involving actin reorganization, resulting in a decrease in cell spreading and an increase in cell detachment, which was reversed by cholesterol addition. Disruption of caveolae led to the down-regulation of FAK, Src activation, tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and mobilization of caveolae markers, GM1 and caveolin-1, from the cell surface to the cytoplasm, which were also recovered by cholesterol addition. The expression of dominant-active FAK was able to delay caveolae internalization and apoptosis and attenuated Akt inactivation by MbetaCD, whereas dominant-negative FAK expression resulted in enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, FAK down-regulation by si-RNA resulted in Akt inactivation and thus increased cell death by MbetaCD treatment. Our results suggest that the cholesterol content and/or surface levels of the caveolae affect the activity of FAK, which in turn regulates caveolae internalization and cell survival.
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Park EK, Park B, Choi JH, Choi K, Cho M. Chirality Transfer Effects in Proline-Substituted Coumarin Compounds. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11301-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9038732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hu X, Park EK, Zhang X. Microarray gene cluster identification and annotation through cluster ensemble and EM-based informative textual summarization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 13:832-40. [PMID: 19527962 DOI: 10.1109/titb.2009.2023984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Generating high-quality gene clusters and identifying the underlying biological mechanism of the gene clusters are the important goals of clustering gene expression analysis. To get high-quality cluster results, most of the current approaches rely on choosing the best cluster algorithm, in which the design biases and assumptions meet the underlying distribution of the dataset. There are two issues for this approach: 1) usually, the underlying data distribution of the gene expression datasets is unknown and 2) there are so many clustering algorithms available and it is very challenging to choose the proper one. To provide a textual summary of the gene clusters, the most explored approach is the extractive approach that essentially builds upon techniques borrowed from the information retrieval, in which the objective is to provide terms to be used for query expansion, and not to act as a stand-alone summary for the entire document sets. Another drawback is that the clustering quality and cluster interpretation are treated as two isolated research problems and are studied separately. In this paper, we design and develop a unified system Gene Expression Miner to address these challenging issues in a principled and general manner by integrating cluster ensemble, text clustering, and multidocument summarization and provide an environment for comprehensive gene expression data analysis. We present a novel cluster ensemble approach to generate high-quality gene cluster. In our text summarization module, given a gene cluster, our expectation-maximization based algorithm can automatically identify subtopics and extract most probable terms for each topic. Then, the extracted top k topical terms from each subtopic are combined to form the biological explanation of each gene cluster. Experimental results demonstrate that our system can obtain high-quality clusters and provide informative key terms for the gene clusters.
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Kim C, Spano J, Park EK, Wi S. Evidence of pores and thinned lipid bilayers induced in oriented lipid membranes interacting with the antimicrobial peptides, magainin-2 and aurein-3.3. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1482-96. [PMID: 19409370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic structures of supramolecular lipid assemblies, such as toroidal pores and thinned bilayers induced in oriented lipid membranes, which are interacting with membrane-acting antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), magainin-2 and aurein-3.3, were explored by 31P and 2H solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. Various types of phospholipid systems, such as POPC-d31, POPC-d31/POPG, and POPC-d31/cholesterol, were investigated to understand the membrane disruption mechanisms of magainin-2 and aurein-3.3 peptides at various peptide-to-lipid (P:L) ratios. The experimental lineshapes of anisotropic 31P and 2H ssNMR spectra measured on these peptide-lipid systems were simulated reasonably well by assuming the presence of supramolecular lipid assemblies, such as toroidal pores and thinned bilayers, in membranes. Furthermore, the observed decrease in the anisotropic frequency span of either 31P or 2H ssNMR spectra of oriented lipid bilayers, particularly when anionic POPG lipids are interacting with AMPs at high P:L ratios, can directly be explained by a thinned membrane surface model with fast lateral diffusive motions of lipids. The spectral analysis protocol we developed enables extraction of the lateral diffusion coefficients of lipids distributed on the curved surfaces of pores and thinned bilayers on a few nanometers scale.
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Park HH, Park KS, Im KC, Jung JM, Kim JK, Kim KH, Park HJ, Kim R, Lee HJ, Park EK, Lee HY, Lee HJ. The Effect Of The Bench Press Grip On The Upper Body Muscle Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000355174.69682.0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Park EK, Chung JK. Reply to: False-negative thyroglobulin measurement in recurrent/metastatic thyroid carcinomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-1006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Park EK, Jeon JS, Noh HJ, Won JH, Park HS. Complete remission of IgA nephropathy after bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia. NDT Plus 2008; 1:420-422. [PMID: 28657023 PMCID: PMC5477877 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfn147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, but the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy is still unclear. A 32-year-old woman was found to have IgA nephropathy and acute myeloid leukaemia. She was treated with allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). After BMT, immunoflourescent staining of IgA and proteinuria disappeared. These findings suggest bone marrow cells are involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. We herein report a case of complete remission of IgA nephropathy after BMT for acute myeloid leukaemia.
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Kim TH, Hong JM, Oh B, Cho YS, Lee JY, Kim HL, Shin ES, Lee JE, Park EK, Kim SY. Genetic association study of polymorphisms in the catalase gene with the risk of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the Korean population. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:1060-6. [PMID: 18353692 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head frequently leads to progressive collapse of the femoral head followed by degenerative arthritis of the hip joint. Oxidative stress, which has been implicated in many pathological conditions, including vascular injury, recently has been suggested to play a part in the development of ON. Catalase (CAT) is a major antioxidant enzyme and a number of polymorphisms in the CAT have been described as being associated with several diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and vitiligo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CAT gene polymorphisms with ON of the femoral head (ONFH) in a case-control study. METHODS Eight polymorphic sites of CAT were selected from public databases, and genotyped in 443 ONFH patients and 273 control subjects using the Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping (TG) 3K chip array. The association analysis of genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes was performed with ONFH. RESULTS The -89A>T, -20T>C, +3033C>T, +14539A>T, +22348C>T, and +24413T>C polymorphisms of the CAT gene were significantly associated with the risk of ONFH in all alternative analysis models (P range; 0.0001-0.035, odds ratio [OR]: 0.52-3.47). Particularly, the minor allele of -89A>T, -20T>C and +3033C>T had a protective effect on ONFH with significance (P range: 0.0014-0.035, OR: 0.52-0.73). Further analysis based on pathological etiology showed that the genotypes of -89A>T, -20T>C, +3033C>T, +14539A>T, and +22348C>T, and +24413T>C were also associated with the risk of ONFH in each subgroup with significant P values. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the polymorphisms of CAT are associated with the ONFH, and suggest that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ONFH.
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Park EK, Lee JK, Kim YS, Kim GP, Baeck SH. Electrosynthesis of mesoporous Pt–Au alloy electrode for DMFC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1464-2859(08)70252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kim YS, Kim JJ, Cho KH, Jung WS, Moon SK, Park EK, Kim DH. Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, hesperidin, poncirin, glycyrrhizin, and baicalin by human fecal microflora and its relation to cytotoxicity against tumor cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 18:1109-1114. [PMID: 18600055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To understand the role of intestinal microflora in the biological effect of functional herbs, which have been used in Korea, Japan, and China as traditional medicines, and suggest new bioactive compounds transformed from herbal constituents, the metabolic activities of the functional herb components (ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, poncirin, hesperidin, glycyrrhizin, and baicalin) toward their bioactive compounds (compound K, crocetin, benzaldehyde, genipin, daidzein, ginsenoside Rh1, ponciretin, hesperetin, 18b-glycyrrhetic acid, and baicalein) were measured in fecal specimens. The metabolic activities of these components were 882.7 +/- 814.5, 3,938.1+/- 2,700.8, 2,375.5 +/- 913.7, 1,179.4 +/- 795.7, 24.6 +/- 10.5, 11.4 +/- 10.8, 578.8+/- 206.1, 1,150.0+/- 266.1, 47.3 +/- 58.6, and 12,253.0 +/- 6,527.6 mmol/h/g, respectively. No differences were found in the metabolic activities of the tested components between males and females, although these metabolic activities between individuals are extensively different. The metabolites of functional herb components showed more potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells than nonmetabolites. These findings suggest that intestinal microflora may activate the pharmacological effect of herbal food and medicines and must be the biocatalytic converter for the transformation of herbal components to bioactive compounds.
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Park EK, Joo KC, Brubaker P, Ahn WH, Jin YS. The Effects of 12-Week Dome Ball Exercise Program on Physical Function in Post-Stroke Patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000322150.34736.d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee KS, Lee HY, Park EK, Jang JS, Lee SJ. A phase II study of leucovorin, 5-FU and docetaxel combination chemotherapy in patients with inoperable or postoperative relapsed gastric cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2008; 40:11-5. [PMID: 19688059 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2008.40.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the effect and toxicity of bimonthly low-dose leucovorin (LV) and fluorouracil (5-FU) bolus plus continuous infusion(LV5FU2) with docetaxel combination chemotherapy in patients with inoperable or postoperative relapsed gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 27 patients are enrolled in this study. LV 20 mg/m(2) (bolus), 5FU 400 mg/m(2) (bolus), 5-FU 600 mg/m(2) (24-hour continuous infusion) on day 1, 2, 15, and 16, docetaxel 60 mg/m(2) (1-hour infusion) on day 15 every 4 weeks. RESULTS Total of 141 cycles were administered and response rate were 36.8% with 2 complete response (10.5%) and 5 partial response (26.3%) in 19 evaluable patients. The median response duration is 8.1 months (95% CI, 4.0 approximately 12.1). The median progression-free survival time is 6.7 months (95% CI, 5.0 approximately 8.5) and the median overall survival time is 11.9 months (95% CI, 4.8 approximately 19.1). The grade 3-4 toxicity of neutropenia (24.8%) and anemia (11.3%), neutropenic fever (2.8%) is observed. The grade 1 toxicity of injection site reaction is observed all patients and the grade 1-2 toxicity of alopecia is observed 60%. CONCLUSIONS LV5FU2 with docetaxel combination chemotherapy is effective and tolerable in patients with inoperable or postoperative relapsed gastric cancer.
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Kim TH, Hong JM, Lee JY, Oh B, Park EK, Lee CK, Bae SC, Kim SY. Promoter polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene is associated with an osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the Korean population. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:287-91. [PMID: 17698375 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disruption of the vascular supply to the bone and subsequent hypoxia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major inducer of angiogenesis, has been correlated with several pathological conditions, from inflammation to ischemic processes. A number of polymorphisms in the VEGF gene have been described as being associated with several diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, prostate cancer and breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of VEGF gene polymorphisms with ONFH in a case--control study. METHODS Three polymorphisms (-2578C>A, -634G>C and +936C>T) in VEGF were genotyped in 317 ONFH patients and 497 control subjects, using the TaqMan 5' allelic discrimination assay. We performed the association analysis of genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes with ONFH. RESULTS The -634G>C genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk for ONFH in dominant model with odds ratio (OR) of 1.47, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.08-2.01 with P value 0.015. Further analysis stratified by sex showed that the -634G>C genotype was also significantly associated with a high risk for male patients considering the dominant model with OR of 1.60, 95% CI 1.13-2.26 with P value 0.008. Haplotype association analysis did not provide a further delineation of the risk allele. CONCLUSION Our study is, to our knowledge, the first report that shows the -634G>C polymorphism in the VEGF promoter was associated with an increased susceptibility of ONFH in the Korean population.
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Park EK, Sung JH, Trinh HT, Bae EA, Yun HK, Hong SS, Kim DH. Lactic acid bacterial fermentation increases the antiallergic effects of Ixeris dentata. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 18:308-313. [PMID: 18309276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ixeris dentata (ID, family Asteraceae), called Seumbakuy in Korea, was fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their antiallergic activities were investigated. Fermentation of ID with Bifidobacterium breve or Lactobacillus acidophilus increased its inhibition of degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells induced by the IgE-antigen complex. Oral administration of these extracts to mice inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by the IgE-antigen complex and scratching behaviors induced by compound 48/80. The fermented ID more potently inhibited the PCA reaction and scratching behaviors than the non-fermented one. These extracts also inhibited mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-4, as well as NF-kappaB activation in RBL-2H3 cells induced by the IgE-antigen complex. These findings suggest that LAB fermentation improves ID-mediated inhibition of IgE-induced allergic diseases such as rhinitis and asthma, and that ID works by inhibiting degranulation and NF-kB activation in mast cells and basophils.
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Lee YA, Hong SJ, Lee SH, Kim KS, Park EK, Jung K, Han CS, Yoo MC, Yang HI. Coptis chinensisExtract Inhibits the Production of Inflammatory Mediators and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity in Mice. Immune Netw 2008. [DOI: 10.4110/in.2008.8.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Lee SH, Bae EA, Park EK, Shin YW, Baek NI, Han EJ, Chung HG, Kim DH. Inhibitory effect of eupatilin and jaceosidin isolated from Artemisia princeps in IgE-induced hypersensitivity. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1678-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim YS, Lee JK, Ahn JH, Park EK, Kim GP, Baeck SH. Fabrication of mesoporous cerium dioxide films by cathodic electrodeposition. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 7:4198-4201. [PMID: 18047150 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2007.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous cerium dioxide (Ceria, CeO2) thin films have been successfully electrodeposited onto ITO-coated glass substrates from an aqueous solution of cerium nitrate using CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide) as a templating agent. The synthesized films underwent detailed characterizations. The crystallinity of synthesized CeO2 film was confirmed by XRD analysis and HR-TEM analysis, and surface morphology was investigated by SEM analysis. The presence of mesoporosity in fabricated films was confirmed by TEM and small angle X-ray analysis. As-synthesized film was observed from XRD analysis and HR-TEM image to have well-crystallized structure of cubic phase CeO2. Transmission electron microscopy and small angle X-ray analysis revealed the presence of uniform mesoporosity with a well-ordered lamellar phase in the CeO2 films electrodeposited with CTAB templating.
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Kim YS, Lee HJ, Cho KH, Bae HS, Park EK, Kim DH. The role of intestinal microflora on daidzein excretion in urine in humans treated with Chungpesagantang. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:481-5. [PMID: 17489365 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between the metabolism of the constituents of herbal medicines by human intestinal microflora and the level of metabolites excreted in the urine. This was performed by administering Chungpesagantang (CST) to volunteers and measuring their fecal metabolic activity CST to and urine excretion of daidzein, one of the metabolite of CST The metabolic activity of of CST dadizein was 54.8 +/- 16.7 mmol/h/g wet feces. When CST was administered orally to the subjects, the amount of daidzein excreted in the urine over 24 h was 103.7 +/- 55.8 mg, which accounted for 20.2% of the puerarin, daidzin and daidzein contained in CST. However, neither puerarin nor daidzin were excreted in the urine. The profile of daidzein excreted in the urine was found to be in proportion to that of the metabolic activity of the CST components. This suggests that the daidzein level excreted in the urine of the subjects administered CST is associated with the daidzein glycoside-hydrolyzing activity of the fecal microflora.
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Park EK, Jung HS, Yang HI, Yoo MC, Kim C, Kim KS. Optimized THP-1 differentiation is required for the detection of responses to weak stimuli. Inflamm Res 2007; 56:45-50. [PMID: 17334670 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-007-6115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into macrophages is mainly conducted at a phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) concentration of 10-400 ng/ml. However, this concentration might be high enough to upregulate the expressions of some genes in differentiated macrophages, which could overwhelm gene expression increases induced by other stimuli. The present study was performed to optimize the PMA concentration required to differentiate monocytes whilst minimizing gene upregulation. METHODS THP-1 cells were treated with 2.5-100 ng/ml PMA and analyzed for the extent of cell adherence, the surface marker of macrophages, and stable differentiation without undesirable gene upregulation. The stably differentiated THP-1 cells at the minimum PMA concentration were treated with 10 ng/ml LPS or 125 nM amyloid beta (Abeta(1-42)). RESULTS The treatment of THP-1 with 5 ng/ml PMA was found to be sufficient to induce stable differentiation without undesirable gene upregulation. These macrophages differentiated at 5 ng/ml responded well to secondary weak stimuli like 10 ng/ml LPS or 125 nM of amyloid beta (Abeta(1-42)). CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that THP-1 cells are well differentiated by 5 ng/ml PMA, and that the resulting differentiated macrophages respond well to secondary weak stimuli without being overwhelmed by undesirable gene upregulation induced by PMA.
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Park EK, Rhee HI, Jung HS, Ju SM, Lee YA, Lee SH, Hong SJ, Yang HI, Yoo MC, Kim KS. Antiinflammatory effects of a combined herbal preparation (RAH13) of Phellodendron amurense and Coptis chinensis in animal models of inflammation. Phytother Res 2007; 21:746-50. [PMID: 17450506 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop an antiinflammatory herbal remedy that is as potent as current synthetic medicines, the cortex of Phellodendron amurense Rupr (Rutaceae) and the rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch (Ranunculaceae) were combined in a 2:1 ratio. This ratio was chosen based on in vitro experiments and traditional Asian medicine prescriptions. The combined ethanol extract, named RAH13, was evaluated for antiinflammatory properties using animal models of acute inflammation such as the croton oil-induced ear edema test and an acetic acid-induced capillary permeability test. Models of chronic inflammation were also tested using the cotton pellet test and a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test. Oral administration of RAH13 at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed in vivo antiinflammatory activity as potent as the effects associated with 100 mg/mL of celecoxib or 1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. These effects were seen in both acute and chronic inflammation models, suggesting that RAH13 may be effective in controlling some inflammation-related diseases.
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Koh JM, Park BL, Kim DJ, Kim GS, Cheong HS, Kim TH, Hong JM, Shin HI, Park EK, Kim SY, Shin HD. Identification of novel RANK polymorphisms and their putative association with low BMD among postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18:323-31. [PMID: 17115234 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-006-0244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone mineral density (BMD) is the major factor for determining bone strength, which is closely correlated to osteoporotic fracture risk and is largely determined by multiple genetic factors. The RANK (TNFRSF11A), receptor for RANKL, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and plays a central role in osteoclast development. METHODS In order to investigate the effects of RANK polymorphism on BMD and osteoporosis, we directly sequenced the RANK gene in 24 Korean individuals and identified 25 sequence variants. Eleven of these polymorphisms were selected and genotyped in a larger-scale study of postmenopausal women (n = 560). Areal BMD (g/cm(2)) of the anterior-posterior lumbar spine and the nondominant proximal femur were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS We found that two intronic polymorphisms in the RANK gene [RANK + 34863G > A (rs12458117) and RANK + 35928insdelC (new polymorphism found in this study) in intron 6] were significantly associated with the BMD of the lumbar spine, i.e., rare alleles were significantly associated with low BMD of the lumbar spine among Korean postmenopausal women (p = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). These polymorphisms were also associated with low BMD of proximal femur sites, including Ward's triangle, trochanter, and total femur. Our results suggest that +34863G > A and +35928insdelC polymorphisms in RANK are possible genetic factors for low BMD in postmenopausal women.
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Lee SH, Lee YA, Woo DH, Song R, Park EK, Ryu MH, Kim YH, Kim KS, Hong SJ, Yoo MC, Yang HI. Association of the programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) gene polymorphism with ankylosing spondylitis in the Korean population. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:R163. [PMID: 17064404 PMCID: PMC1794506 DOI: 10.1186/ar2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The PD-1 (programmed death 1) molecule is a negative regulator of T cells. PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1) has been reported to have a genetic association in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in Caucasians. However, there are no reports on the association between this gene and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The present study investigated the association of the PD-1 polymorphisms and the haplotypes with AS in a Korean population sample. In a case-control association study, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, PD-1.5 C/T and PD-1.9 T/C, were genotyped in 95 AS patients and 130 healthy controls. The T allele of the PD-1.9 polymorphism was more frequent in the Korean male population with AS than in the Korean male controls (21.0% versus 6.9%, odds ratio 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.483 to 2.408). The frequency of the CT haplotype (PD-1.5 C/T and PD-1.9 T/C) was higher in the AS patients (19%) than the controls (5.4%) (odds ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.559 to 2.521). The PD-1 polymorphism was demonstrated in Korean AS patients. The results suggest a genetic association between the PD-1 polymorphism and susceptibility to AS.
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Park EK, Shin J, Bae EA, Lee YC, Kim DH. Intestinal bacteria activate estrogenic effect of main constituents puerarin and daidzin of Pueraria thunbergiana. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 29:2432-5. [PMID: 17142977 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To understand the relationship between the metabolites and estrogenic activity of the main isoflavones puerarin and daidzin of the rhizome of Pueraria thunbergiana (PT, family Leguminosae), PT and its isoflavones were transformed by human intestinal bacteria and their estrogenic effects were investigated. All human fecal specimens hydrolyzed puerarin and daidzin to daidzein, but their hydrolyzing activities varied depending on the individuals. All intestinal bacteria isolated from human also hydrolyzed daidzin to daidzein, but a few bacteria transformed puerarin to daidzein. When the estrogenic effect of PT, puerarin and daidzin was compared with those of their metabolites, the metabolites more potently increased proliferation of MCF-7 cells than PT, puerarin and daidzin. The metabolite daidzein also potently increased estrogen-response c-fos mRNA and PR protein expressions. These findings suggest that intestinal bacteria, which can hydrolyze puerarin and/or daidzin, may activate a potent estrogenic activity of PT.
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Bae EA, Park EK, Yang HJ, Baek NI, Kim DH. Hinokiresinol inhibits IgE-induced mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. PLANTA MEDICA 2006; 72:1328-30. [PMID: 17051467 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-947264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The antiallergic effect of hinokiresinol isolated from the whole plant of TRAPA Pseudoincisa S. at. Z. was measured in vitro and in vivo. Hinokiresinol not only potently inhibited beta-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE, with an IC50 value of 98 microM, but also inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-4 and TNF-alpha in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated by IgE. Orally and intraperitoneally administered hinokiresinol potently inhibited the passive anaphylaxis reaction in mice induced by IgE.
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