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Aljurf M, Rizzo JD, Mohty M, Hussain F, Madrigal A, Pasquini MC, Passweg J, Chaudhri N, Ghavamzadeh A, Solh HE, Atsuta Y, Szer J, Kodera Y, Niederweiser D, Gratwohl A, Horowitz MM. Challenges and opportunities for HSCT outcome registries: perspective from international HSCT registries experts. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49:1016-21. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sennoune SR, Arutunyan A, del Rosario C, Castro-Marin R, Hussain F, Martinez-Zaguilan R. V-ATPase regulates communication between microvascular endothelial cells and metastatic cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2014; 60:19-25. [PMID: 24606724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To metastasize distant organs, tumor cells and endothelial cells lining the blood vessels must crosstalk. The nature of this communication that allows metastatic cells to intravasate and travel through the circulation and to extravasate to colonize different organs is poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated one of the first steps in this process—the proximity and physical interaction of endothelial and metastatic cells. To do this, we developed a cell separator chamber that allows endothelial and metastatic cells to grow side by side. We have shown in our previous studies that V-ATPases at the cell surface (pmV-ATPase) are involved in angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that the physical proximity/interaction between endothelial and metastatic cells expressing pmV-ATPase will increase its activity in both cell types, and such activity in turn will increase pmV-ATPase expression on the membranes of both cell types. To determine pmV-ATPase activity we measured the proton fluxes (JH+) across the cell membrane. Our data indicated that interaction between endothelial and metastatic cells elicited a significant increase of JH+ via pmV-ATPase in both cell types. Bafilomycin, a V-ATPase inhibitor, significantly decrease JH+. In contrast, JH+ of the non-metastatic cells were not affected by the endothelial cells and vice-versa. Altogether, our data reveal that one of the early consequences of endothelial and metastatic cell interaction is an increase in pmV-ATPase that helps to acidify the extracellular medium and favors protease activity. These data emphasize the significance of the acidic tumor microenvironment enhancing a metastatic and invasive phenotype.
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Aldehaim M, Mahmood R, Hussain F, Memon A, Al-Hebshi A, Al-Rajhi N, El-Sebaie M, Khalil E, Ahmad M. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: a Retrospective analysis of 120 cases. Gulf J Oncolog 2014; 1:32-37. [PMID: 24610286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with very short survival and extremely poor treatment outcome. ATC accounts for 2-5% of all thyroid cancers worldwide with an annual incidence of about 2 million. OBJECTIVE To review the natural history and treatment outcome of ATC patients treated at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH and RC) located at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective review of 120 Saudi cancer patients collected from registry data at KFSH & RC from 1976-2008. Search key words included: thyroid cancer, anaplastic, undifferentiated and not otherwise specified. Search was not restricted to particular age, gender, treatment or tumor size. Demographic information, baseline patient characteristics including date of diagnosis, type of treatment and date of death were obtained from KFSH & RC registry data and Saudi death registry. RESULTS A total of 120 cases were identified at our cancer centre from 1976 to 2008. Of these total, 73 were females (60.8%) and 47 were males (39.2%). The average age at diagnosis was 63.34 +/- 12.8 years. Thirty-four patients underwent surgery (28.3%), 52 had a palliative radiation treatment (43.3%) and only 5 had chemotherapy (4.2%). The median survival was 53 days (0-457). CONCLUSION Our review proves that ATC is rapidly fatal cancer and is unresponsive to currently available therapeutic options. More research is needed to understand the tumor biology and novel treatment options. KEYWORDS thyroid cancer, anaplastic, undifferentiated, radiation treatment, chemotherapy, median survival, Riyadh and Saudi Arabia.
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Bafadhel M, Greening NJ, Harvey-Dunston T, Williams J, Morgan MDL, Hussain F, Pavord L, Singh SJ, Steiner MC. S26 Severe hospitalised exacerbations of COPD with an eosinophilic phenotype have favourable outcomes with prednisolone therapy: sub-analysis from a prospective multi-centre randomised control trial. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hussain F, Saydam S, Mitra R, Cinar Y. Experimental study for reducing gas inflow by use of thin spray-on liners in underground coal mines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1743286312y.0000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Allen D, Chelvanathan A, Hayes C, Finlayson A, Jassal D, Hussain F. Comparisons of Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest Patients Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia With and Without Cardiac Catheterization: Return of Spontaneous Circulation, Cooling and Catheterization Registry (Rosccc Registry). Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Liu S, Wassef A, Moussa M, Jassal D, Hussain F. The Utility of Diastolic Dysfunction on Echocardiography for Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Burden as Defined by the Syntax Score. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ducas RA, Burns T, Koley L, Grierson R, Minhas K, Hussain F, Tam J. Facilitated Interhospital Transfer of Patients for Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: New Systems of Care to Expedite Treatment. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Allen D, Hayes C, Finlayson A, Chelvanathan A, Jassal D, Hussain F. Outcomes and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Cardiac Arrest Patients Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia Without Cardiac Catheterization: Return of Spontaneous Circulation, Cooling and Catheterization Registry (Rosccc Registry). Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Wassef AW, Philipp R, Ducas J, Minhas K, Vo M, Kass M, Parmar G, Ravandi A, Hussain F. Quantification of the Determinants of Radiation Reduction in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Using the Novel Eco™ System. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Throndson K, Avery L, Duhamel T, Coupland K, Kuttnig C, Nguyen T, Hussain F, Zalnasky J, Mamchuk A. Cardiovascular Care Poverty: Where Do Individuals With Non-Occlusive Cardiac Disease Go? Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Abdullah A, Omar AN, Mulcahy R, Clapp A, Tullo E, Carrick-Sen D, Newton J, Hirst B, Krishnaswami V, Foster A, Vahidassr D, Chavan T, Matthew A, Trolan CP, Steel C, Ellis G, Ahearn DJ, Lotha K, Shukla P, Bourne DR, Mathur A, Musarrat K, Patel A, Nicholson G, Nelson E, McNicholl S, McKee H, Cuthbertson J, Nelson E, Nicholson G, McNicholl S, McKee H, Cuthbertson J, Lunt E, Lee S, Okeke J, Daniel J, Naseem A, Ramakrishna S, Singh I, Barker JR, Weatherburn AJ, Thornton L, Daniel J, Okeke J, Holly C, Jones J, Varanasi A, Verma A, Singh I, Foster JAH, Carmichael C, Cawston C, Homewood S, Leitch M, Martin J, McDicken J, Lonnen J, Bishop-Miller J, Beishon LC, Harrison JK, Conroy SP, Gladman JRF, Sim J, Byrne F, Currie J, Ollman S, Brown S, Wilkinson M, Manoj A, Hussain F, Druhan A, Thompson M, Tsang J, Soh J, Offiah C, Coughlan T, O'Brien P, McCabe DJH, Murphy S, McManus J, O'Neill D, Collins DR, Warburton K, Maini N, Cunnington AL, Mathew P, Hoyles K, Lythgoe M, Brewer H, Western-Price J, Colquhoun K, Ramdoo K, Bowen J, Dale OT, Corbridge R, Chatterjee A, Gosney MA, Richardson L, Daunt L, Ali A, Harwood R, Beveridge LA, Harper J, Williamson LD, Bowen JST, Gosney MA, Wentworth L, Wardle K, Ruddlesdin J, Baht S, Roberts N, Corrado O, Morell J, Baker P, Whiller N, Wilkinson I, Barber M, Maclean A, Frieslick J, Reoch A, Thompson M, Tsang J, McSorley A, Crawford A, Sarup S, Niruban A, Edwards JD, Bailey SJ, May HM, Mathieson P, Jones H, Ray R, Prettyman R, Gibson R, Heaney A, Hull K, Manku B, Bellary S, Ninan S, Chhokar G, Sweeney D, Nivatongs W, Wong SY, Aung T, Kalsi T, Babic-Illman G, Harari D, Aljaizani M, Pattison AT, Pattison AT, Aljaizani M, Fox J, Reilly S, Chauhan V, Azad M, Youde J, Lagan J, Cooper H, Komrower D, Price V, von Stempel CB, Gilbert B, Bouwmeester N, Jones HW, Win T, Weekes C, Hodgkinson R, Walker S, Le Ball K, Muir ZN. Clinical effectiveness. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ayas M, Nassar A, Hamidieh AA, Kharfan-Dabaja M, Othman TB, Elhaddad A, Seraihy A, Hussain F, Alimoghaddam K, Ladeb S, Fahmy O, Bazarbachi A, Mohamed SY, Bakr M, Korthof E, Aljurf M, Ghavamzadeh A. Reduced intensity conditioning is effective for hematopoietic SCT in dyskeratosis congenita-related BM failure. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:1168-72. [PMID: 23542225 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BM failure (BMF) is a major and frequent complication of dyskeratosis congenita (DKC). Allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (allo-HSCT) represents the only curative treatment for BMF associated with this condition. Transplant-related morbidity/mortality is common especially after myeloablative conditioning regimens. Herein, we report nine cases of patients with DKC who received an allo-SCT at five different member centers within the Eastern Mediterranean Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry. Between October 1992 and February 2011, nine DKC patients (male, 7 and female, 2), with a median age at transplantation of 19.1 (4.9-31.1) years, underwent an allo-HSCT from HLA-matched, morphologically normal-related donors (100%). Preparative regimens varied according to different centers, but was reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) in eight patients. Graft source was unstimulated BM in five cases (56%) and G-CSF-mobilized PBSCs in four (44%) cases. The median stem cell dose was 6.79 (2.06-12.4) × 10(6) cells/kg body weight. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of CsA in all nine cases; MTX or mycophenolate mofetil were added in five (56%) and two (22%) cases, respectively. Anti-thymocyte globulin was administered at various doses and scheduled in four (44%) cases. Median time-to-neutrophil engraftment was 21 (17-27) days. In one case, late graft failure was noted at 10.4 months post allo-HSCT. Only one patient developed grade II acute GVHD (11%). Extensive chronic GVHD was reported in one case, whereas limited chronic GVHD occurred in another four cases. At a median follow-up of 61 (0.8-212) months, seven (78%) patients were still alive and transfusion independent. One patient died of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma and graft failure was the cause of death in another patient. This study suggests that RIC preparative regimens are successful in inducing hematopoietic cell engraftment in patients with BMF from DKC. Owing to the limited sample size, the use of registry data and heterogeneity of preparative as well as GVHD prophylaxis regimens reported in this series, we are unable to recommend a particular regimen to be considered as the standard for patients with this disease.
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Sciumè G, Shelton S, Gray WG, Miller CT, Hussain F, Ferrari M, Decuzzi P, Schrefler BA. A multiphase model for three-dimensional tumor growth. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2013; 15:015005. [PMID: 24554920 PMCID: PMC3926362 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/15/1/015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Several mathematical formulations have analyzed the time-dependent behaviour of a tumor mass. However, most of these propose simplifications that compromise the physical soundness of the model. Here, multiphase porous media mechanics is extended to model tumor evolution, using governing equations obtained via the Thermodynamically Constrained Averaging Theory (TCAT). A tumor mass is treated as a multiphase medium composed of an extracellular matrix (ECM); tumor cells (TC), which may become necrotic depending on the nutrient concentration and tumor phase pressure; healthy cells (HC); and an interstitial fluid (IF) for the transport of nutrients. The equations are solved by a Finite Element method to predict the growth rate of the tumor mass as a function of the initial tumor-to-healthy cell density ratio, nutrient concentration, mechanical strain, cell adhesion and geometry. Results are shown for three cases of practical biological interest such as multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) and tumor cords. First, the model is validated by experimental data for time-dependent growth of an MTS in a culture medium. The tumor growth pattern follows a biphasic behaviour: initially, the rapidly growing tumor cells tend to saturate the volume available without any significant increase in overall tumor size; then, a classical Gompertzian pattern is observed for the MTS radius variation with time. A core with necrotic cells appears for tumor sizes larger than 150 μm, surrounded by a shell of viable tumor cells whose thickness stays almost constant with time. A formula to estimate the size of the necrotic core is proposed. In the second case, the MTS is confined within a healthy tissue. The growth rate is reduced, as compared to the first case - mostly due to the relative adhesion of the tumor and healthy cells to the ECM, and the less favourable transport of nutrients. In particular, for tumor cells adhering less avidly to the ECM, the healthy tissue is progressively displaced as the malignant mass grows, whereas tumor cell infiltration is predicted for the opposite condition. Interestingly, the infiltration potential of the tumor mass is mostly driven by the relative cell adhesion to the ECM. In the third case, a tumor cord model is analyzed where the malignant cells grow around microvessels in a 3D geometry. It is shown that tumor cells tend to migrate among adjacent vessels seeking new oxygen and nutrient. This model can predict and optimize the efficacy of anticancer therapeutic strategies. It can be further developed to answer questions on tumor biophysics, related to the effects of ECM stiffness and cell adhesion on tumor cell proliferation.
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Pei J, Chen J, She ZS, Hussain F. Model for propagation speed in turbulent channel flows. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:046307. [PMID: 23214677 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.046307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The propagation speed Vc of the streamwise velocity fluctuations u' in turbulent channel flows is calculated using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data at four Mach numbers (M=0, 0.8, 2.0, and 3.0). The profiles of Vc are shown to display remarkable similarity at different M. Quantitative models are developed based on a statistical structure called Velocity-Vorticity Correlation Structure (VVCS), defined as the vorticity region most correlated to velocity fluctuations at a fixed location. Good agreement with DNS-measured propagation velocities is obtained throughout the channel and for all M. The result confirms earlier speculation that the near-wall propagation is due to an advection by coherent vortex structures, and validates the concept of the VVCS.
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Chelvanathan A, Allan D, Philipp R, Ducas J, Minhas K, Vo M, Kass M, Parmar G, Ravandi A, Tam J, Jassal D, Hussain F. 185 Predictors of Good Neurologic Outcome Based on the CPC Score (Cerebral Performace Category) in Post Cardiac Arrest Return of Circulation Patients Undergoing Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia and Catheterization: The Importance of Immediate CPR. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Sciumè G, Shelton SE, Gray WG, Millers CT, Hussain F, Ferrari M, Decuzzi P, Schrefler BA. Tumor growth modeling from the perspective of multiphase porous media mechanics. MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOMECHANICS : MCB 2012; 9:193-212. [PMID: 23285734 PMCID: PMC3877847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase porous media mechanics is used for modeling tumor growth, using governing equations obtained via the thermodynamically constrained averaging theory (TCAT). This approach incorporates the interaction of more phases than legacy tumor growth models. The tumor is treated as a multiphase system composed of an extracellular matrix, tumor cells which may become necrotic depending on nutrient level and pressure, healthy cells and an interstitial fluid which transports nutrients. The governing equations are numerically solved within a Finite Element framework for predicting the growth rate of the tumor mass, and of its individual components, as a function of the initial tumor-to-healthy cell ratio, nutrient concentration, and mechanical strain. Preliminary results are shown.
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Chelvanathan A, Allan D, Philipp R, Ducas J, Minhas K, Vo M, Kass M, Parmar G, Ravandi A, Tam J, Jassal D, Hussain F. 282 Incidence and Outcomes of Patients With Pneumonia Post Cardiac Arrest - A Pre-Specified Analysis of the Return of Spontaneous Circulation, Cooling and Catheterization Registry (ROSCCC Registry). Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Okolica D, Bishawi M, Karas JR, Reed JF, Hussain F, Bergamaschi R. Factors influencing postoperative adverse events after Hartmann's reversal. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:369-73. [PMID: 21689318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study was performed to evaluate factors influencing postoperative adverse events after Hartmann's reversal (HR). METHOD This was a retrospective study of unselected patients who underwent HR after the Hartmann's procedure (HP) for left colonic perforation with peritonitis at a single institution. Data were retrieved from an Institutional Review Board-approved database. The study end-point was postoperative adverse events, which included mortality, complications, reoperations and 30-day readmission. Lag time was defined as the time from HP to HR. The results are expressed as mean±SD. RESULTS From 1997 to 2007, 204 (39.1%) of all patients who underwent the HP [60±16 years of age; 58% men; body mass index (BMI) 27.6±5.7; 2% were American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) 1, 50.2% were ASA 2, 39.9% were ASA 3 and 7.9% were ASA 4) underwent HR at an interval of 158±107 days. There were 24 laparoscopic and 180 open HRs, with no deaths. The operating time was 167±64 min, estimated blood loss was 245±283 ml and the 30-day readmission rate was 4.9%. Eleven (5.4%) patients developed 14 (6.8%) complications and five (2.4%) of these patients required a new stoma at the time of HR or later. On multivariate analysis controlling for confounders, chronic renal failure requiring dialysis (OR=21.0; 95% CI: 1.5-284; P=0.02) was significantly associated with increased adverse events. CONCLUSION The study showed that chronic renal failure requiring dialysis was the only independent predictor of postoperative adverse event rates following HR.
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Hussain F, Cinar Y, Bedrikovetsky P. A Semi-Analytical Model for Two Phase Immiscible Flow in Porous Media Honouring Capillary Pressure. Transp Porous Media 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-011-9897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ducas R, Philipp R, Wassef A, Jassal D, Khadem A, Hussain F, Ducas J, Dooley J, Schmidt C, Weldon E, Grierson R, Tam J. 388 How good are paramedic responders in the diagnosis of STEMI? Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Ziemys A, Grattoni A, Fine D, Hussain F, Ferrari M. Confinement effects on monosaccharide transport in nanochannels. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11117-26. [PMID: 20738139 DOI: 10.1021/jp103519d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transport theories based on the continuum hypothesis may not be appropriate at the nanoscale in view of surface effects. We employed molecular dynamics simulations to study the effects of confinement and concentration on diffusive transport of glucose in silica nanochannels (10 nm or smaller). We found that glucose modifies the electrical properties of nanochannels and that, below 5 nm in channel height, glucose adsorption and diffusivity are significantly reduced. With increasing concentration, the diffusivity is reduced linearly in the bulk, while it is reduced nonlinearly at the interface. The effective diffusivity reduction is related to the interface thickness, which can be 2-4 nm depending on concentration, and has an unexpected reduction at low concentrations. Results suggest that nanochannels present a one-dimensional cage environment that affects diffusivity in a fashion similar to cage-breaking diffusion. Our simulation results, consistent with the experimental observations presented here, suggest that nanoconfinement is the essential cause of the observed altered fluid diffusive transport, not accounted for by classical theories, because of coupling of confinement and concentration effects.
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Li F, Zhang M, Hussain F, Triantaphyllopoulos K, Clark AR, Bhavsar PK, Zhou X, Chung KF. Inhibition of p38 MAPK-dependent bronchial contraction after ozone by corticosteroids. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:933-42. [PMID: 20693246 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00021110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We determined the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractile responses following ozone and modulation by corticosteroids. Mice were exposed to air or ozone (3 ppm for 3 h) and isometric contractile responses of bronchial rings to acetylcholine (ACh) were measured using a myograph in the presence of p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB239063 (10⁻⁶ M) or dexamethasone (10⁻⁶ M). Because MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1 is a negative regulator of p38 MAPK, we also studied these effects in MKP-1(-/-) mice. Bronchial rings from ozone-exposed wild-type and MKP-1(-/-) mice showed increased contractile responses, with a leftward shift of the dose-response curve in MKP-1(-/-) mice. SB239063 inhibited bronchial contraction equally in air- and ozone-exposed C57/BL6 and MKP-1(-/-) mice. Dexamethasone inhibited ACh-induced bronchial contraction in both air- and ozone-exposed C57/BL6 mice, but not in air- or ozone-exposed MKP-1(-/-) mice. ACh-stimulated p38 MAPK and heat shock protein (HSP)27 phosphorylation, as measured by Western blotting, and this effect was suppressed by SB239063 in C57/BL6 and MKP-1(-/-) mice, but not by dexamethasone in either air- or ozone-exposed MKP-1(-/-) mice. p38 MAPK plays a role in maximal ACh-induced isometric contractile responses and increased contractility induced by ozone. Dexamethasone inhibits ACh-induced ASM contraction through phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27.
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Marzouk S, Duff Canning S, Naglie G, Tomlinson GA, Leach M, Hussain F, Tannock I, Alibhai SM. The effect of ADT on objective cognitive performance and self-reported cognitive functionin men with prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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