51
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Kanai R, Carmel D, Bahrami B, Rees G. Human parietal cortex structure determines individual differences in perceptual rivalry. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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52
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Russell M, Rees G, Benton D, Kingsley M. An Exercise Protocol that Replicates Soccer Match-Play. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32:511-8. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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53
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Datta S, Dolphin T, Molyneux B, Wilson I, Rees G. Medical education and training. Assoc Med J 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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54
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Laurance-Young P, Bozec L, Gracia L, Rees G, Lippert F, Lynch RJM, Knowles JC. A review of the structure of human and bovine dental hard tissues and their physicochemical behaviour in relation to erosive challenge and remineralisation. J Dent 2011; 39:266-72. [PMID: 21277346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review sets out to examine the suitability of bovine hard dental material in lieu of human material when investigating dental erosion, to review the evidence for the major factors popularly attributed to dental erosion: pH, pKa, acid type, erosion duration, temperature and stirring rate as well as examine the case for the use of fluoride in an anti-erosion capacity. DATA SOURCES Published works were selected using online search software ICI Web of Knowledge and Pubmed, with key terms such as "enamel", "erosion" and "bovine AND human" and cross referenced with relevant papers cited in the indices. RESULTS The growing trend of dental erosion, coupled to legislative changes has precipitated a recent shortage of human enamel and dentine for experimental work. This in turn has resulted in the increasing use of cheap and readily available alternate supplies being sourced. This alternate supply principally originates from beef cattle under 20 months of age, under the assumption that bovine enamel and dentine will behave in a manner similar to human material. Recent experiments attempting to compare the physicochemical properties of these two species have shown that erosion is not simply a matter of bulk tissue loss resulting from acid exposure, but a multi-factorial event encompassing ever increasing and varied complexity of the inter-relationship between solvent and substrate. CONCLUSIONS Accurate data from the published literature regarding the comparative properties of human and bovine hard dental tissue remains scarce but consensus appears to accept the continuing use of bovine enamel as a substitute for human enamel. This lack of comparative data is further hampered by the lack of an established, standardised protocol with which to evaluate the two species. In addition, much debate remains regarding the significant principal factors responsible for dental erosion and ways to minimise the pathological manifestation.
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Gilaie-Dotan S, Bentin S, Harel M, Rees G, Saygin AP. Normal form from biological motion despite impaired ventral stream function. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:1033-1043. [PMID: 21237181 PMCID: PMC3083513 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We explored the extent to which biological motion perception depends on ventral stream integration by studying LG, an unusual case of developmental visual agnosia. LG has significant ventral stream processing deficits but no discernable structural cortical abnormality. LG's intermediate visual areas and object-sensitive regions exhibit abnormal activation during visual object perception, in contrast to area V5/MT+ which responds normally to visual motion (Gilaie-Dotan, Perry, Bonneh, Malach, & Bentin, 2009). Here, in three studies we used point light displays, which require visual integration, in adaptive threshold experiments to examine LG's ability to detect form from biological and non-biological motion cues. LG's ability to detect and discriminate form from biological motion was similar to healthy controls. In contrast, he was significantly deficient in processing form from non-biological motion. Thus, LG can rely on biological motion cues to perceive human forms, but is considerably impaired in extracting form from non-biological motion. Finally, we found that while LG viewed biological motion, activity in a network of brain regions associated with processing biological motion was functionally correlated with his V5/MT+ activity, indicating that normal inputs from V5/MT+ might suffice to activate his action perception system. These results indicate that processing of biologically moving form can dissociate from other form processing in the ventral pathway. Furthermore, the present results indicate that integrative ventral stream processing is necessary for uncompromised processing of non-biological form from motion.
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Thomas R, Brenton K, Harris B, Ham R, Rees G, Gorvett T, Boregowda K, Stephens JW, Price DE. Foot ulceration in a secondary care diabetic clinic population: a 4-year prospective study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 90:e37-9. [PMID: 20828850 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes guidelines recommend that feet are stratified into low-risk, increased-risk and high-risk. We examined prospective foot ulceration in our secondary care diabetes clinic. At 4-year follow-up, foot ulceration was present in 1/586 (0.17%) in the low-risk, 10/305 (3.3%) in those at increased-risk and 28/236 (11.9%) in the high-risk group.
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Fenwick EK, Pesudovs K, Rees G, Dirani M, Kawasaki R, Wong TY, Lamoureux EL. The impact of diabetic retinopathy: understanding the patient's perspective. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 95:774-82. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.191312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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58
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Kaul C, Bahrami B, Rees G. Multivoxel fMRI analysis reveals the representation of spatial frequency information in human primary visual cortex. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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59
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Weil R, Furl N, Ruff C, Seymour B, Flandin G, Dolan R, Driver J, Rees G. Reward facilitates hemodynamic responses in higher visual areas. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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60
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Gilaie-Dotan S, Kanai R, Rees G. Individual differences in time perception indicate different modality-independent mechanisms for different temporal durations. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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61
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Song C, Schwarzkopf DS, Rees G. Does size matter more in the same eye? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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62
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Schwarzkopf DS, Rees G. Grouping of orientation but not position cues in the absence of awareness. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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63
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Silvanto J, Schwarzkopf DS, Gilaie-Dotan S, Geraint GD, Rees G. State-dependent TMS reveals rotation-invariant shape representations in Lateral Occipital Cortex and Occipital Face Area. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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64
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Apthorp D, Bahrami B, Kaul C, Schwarzkopf DS, Alais D, Rees G. The neural correlates of motion streaks: an fMRI study. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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65
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Kaul C, Rees G, Ishai A. Perception of gender is a distributed attribute in the human face processing network. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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66
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Machizawa M, Kanai R, Rees G, Driver J. Cortical anatomy relates to individual differences in dissociable aspects of attention and visual working memory capacity. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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67
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Saygin AP, Bentin S, Harel M, Rees G, Gilaie-Dotan S. Dissociation between biological motion and shape integration. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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68
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Konstantinou N, Bahrami B, Rees G, Lavie N. Visual Short-Term Memory Load Induced Blindness. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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69
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Dong M, Kanai R, Bahrami B, Rees G. The anatomy of superior parietal cortex links everyday distractibility with attentional capture. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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70
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Weil RS, Furl N, Ruff CC, Symmonds M, Flandin G, Dolan RJ, Driver J, Rees G. Rewarding feedback after correct visual discriminations has both general and specific influences on visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 2010; 104:1746-57. [PMID: 20660419 PMCID: PMC2944687 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00870.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward can influence visual performance, but the neural basis of this effect remains poorly understood. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how rewarding feedback affected activity in distinct areas of human visual cortex, separating rewarding feedback events after correct performance from preceding visual events. Participants discriminated oriented gratings in either hemifield, receiving auditory feedback at trial end that signaled financial reward after correct performance. Greater rewards improved performance for all but the most difficult trials. Rewarding feedback increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. It also increased BOLD signals in visual areas beyond retinotopic cortex, but not in primary visual cortex representing the judged stimuli. These modulations were seen at a time point in which no visual stimuli were presented or expected, demonstrating a novel type of activity change in visual cortex that cannot reflect modulation of response to incoming or anticipated visual stimuli. Rewarded trials led on the next trial to improved performance and enhanced visual activity contralateral to the judged stimulus, for retinotopic representations of the judged visual stimuli in V1. Our findings distinguish general effects in nonretinotopic visual cortex when receiving rewarding feedback after correct performance from consequences of reward for spatially specific responses in V1.
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71
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de Haas B, Rees G. Multiple stages of cross-modal integration in visual processing. Comment on "Crossmodal influences on visual perception" by L. Shams & R. Kim. Phys Life Rev 2010; 7:287-8; discussion 295-8. [PMID: 20598657 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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72
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Silvanto J, Schwarzkopf DS, Gilaie-Dotan S, Rees G. Differing causal roles for lateral occipital cortex and occipital face area in invariant shape recognition. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:165-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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73
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Tibber M, Elaine A, Rees G, Morgan M. The neural correlates of the 3-dot vernier task: Visuospatial extrapolation examined within the framework of a duplex model of vision. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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74
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Carmel D, Saker P, Rees G, Lavie N. Perceptual load modulates the temporal resolution of visual awareness. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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75
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Carmel D, Walsh V, Lavie N, Rees G. A causal role for right parietal cortex in binocular rivalry demonstrated with TMS. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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