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Roberts G. Asthma comorbidities and making progress with food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:1230-1231. [PMID: 28960598 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Gogoi PP, Vinoj V, Swain D, Roberts G, Dash J, Tripathy S. Land use and land cover change effect on surface temperature over Eastern India. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8859. [PMID: 31222135 PMCID: PMC6586851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Land use and land cover (LULC) change has been shown to have significant effect on climate through various pathways that modulate land surface temperature and rainfall. However, few studies have illustrated such a link over the Indian region using observations. Through a combination of ground, satellite remote sensing and reanalysis products, we investigate the recent changes to land surface temperature in the Eastern state of Odisha between 1981 and 2010 and assess its relation to LULC. Our analysis reveals that the mean temperature of the state has increased by ~0.3 °C during the past three decades with the most accelerated warming (~0.9 °C) occurring during the recent decade (2001 to 2010). Our study shows that 25 to 50% of this observed overall warming is associated with LULC. Further we observe that the spatial pattern of LULC changes matches well with the independently estimated warming associated with LULC suggesting a physical association between them. This study also reveals that the largest changes are linked to changing vegetation cover as evidenced by changes to both LULC classes and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Our study shows that the state has undergone an LULC induced warming which accounts for a quarter of the overall temperature rise since 2001. With the expected expansion of urban landscape and concomitant increase in anthropogenic activities along with changing cropping patterns, LULC linked changes to surface temperature and hence regional climate feedback over this region necessitates additional investigations.
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Castellani CM, Andrási A, Giussani A, Pázmándi T, Roberts G. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE ICIDOSE 2017 INTERNATIONAL INTER-COMPARISON ON INTERNAL DOSE ASSESSMENT. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 183:534-540. [PMID: 30239877 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Roberts G. Vocal cord dysfunction, food allergy and a RCT. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:146-147. [PMID: 28134503 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Scadding GK, Kariyawasam HH, Scadding G, Mirakian R, Buckley RJ, Dixon T, Durham SR, Farooque S, Jones N, Leech S, Nasser SM, Powell R, Roberts G, Rotiroti G, Simpson A, Smith H, Clark AT. BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis (Revised Edition 2017; First edition 2007). Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:856-889. [PMID: 30239057 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This is an updated guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, first published in 2007. It was produced by the Standards of Care Committee of the British Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, using accredited methods. Allergic rhinitis is common and affects 10-15% of children and 26% of adults in the UK, it affects quality of life, school and work attendance, and is a risk factor for development of asthma. Allergic rhinitis is diagnosed by history and examination, supported by specific allergy tests. Topical nasal corticosteroids are the treatment of choice for moderate to severe disease. Combination therapy with intranasal corticosteroid plus intranasal antihistamine is more effective than either alone and provides second line treatment for those with rhinitis poorly controlled on monotherapy. Immunotherapy is highly effective when the specific allergen is the responsible driver for the symptoms. Treatment of rhinitis is associated with benefits for asthma. Non-allergic rhinitis also is a risk factor for the development of asthma and may be eosinophilic and steroid-responsive or neurogenic and non- inflammatory. Non-allergic rhinitis may be a presenting complaint for systemic disorders such as granulomatous or eosinophilic polyangiitis, and sarcoidoisis. Infective rhinitis can be caused by viruses, and less commonly by bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
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Roberts G. Quality of life, when to step down asthma therapy and remembering allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:440-441. [PMID: 28370598 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Roberts G. Immunotherapy with lipid protein syndrome and diagnosing asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:298-299. [PMID: 28244260 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roberts G. Nut allergy guideline. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:708-709. [PMID: 28574656 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roberts G. Inheritance and the sunshine vitamin. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:602-603. [PMID: 28449333 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Roberts G. Welcome to Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2017. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:4-5. [PMID: 28028876 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Godfrey B, Nero A, Roberts G, Lakos S. PSXVI-3 Evaluating the lag between body temperature and ambient temperature in hair sheep ewes in the tropics. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Roberts G. A next-generation anti-IgE monoclonal? Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 46:1370-1371. [PMID: 27790844 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Roberts G. Peanut allergy, anaphylaxis, adrenaline and exacerbations of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 46:1504-1505. [PMID: 27893943 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Roberts G. Immunotherapy, asthma and community allergic reactions to food. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 46:780-1. [PMID: 27228569 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Roberts G. One or two? Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 46:1246-7. [PMID: 27682976 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Roberts G. LABAs (again), asthma exacerbations and anaphylaxis. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 46:1020-1. [PMID: 27460428 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roberts G. A call to arms. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 46:1134-5. [PMID: 27574039 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Muraro A, Fernandez-Rivas M, Beyer K, Cardona V, Clark A, Eller E, Hourihane JO, Jutel M, Sheikh A, Agache I, Allen KJ, Angier E, Ballmer-Weber B, Bilò MB, Bindslev-Jensen C, Camargo CA, Cianferoni A, DunnGalvin A, Eigenmann PA, Halken S, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Lau S, Nilsson C, Poulsen LK, Rueff F, Spergel J, Sturm G, Timmermans F, Torres MJ, Turner P, van Ree R, Wickman M, Worm M, Mills ENC, Roberts G. The urgent need for a harmonized severity scoring system for acute allergic reactions. Allergy 2018; 73:1792-1800. [PMID: 29331045 DOI: 10.1111/all.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The accurate assessment and communication of the severity of acute allergic reactions are important to patients, clinicians, researchers, the food industry, and public health and regulatory authorities. Severity has different meanings to different stakeholders with patients and clinicians rating the significance of particular symptoms very differently. Many severity scoring systems have been generated, most focusing on the severity of reactions following exposure to a limited group of allergens. They are heterogeneous in format, none has used an accepted developmental approach, and none has been validated. Their wide range of outcome formats has led to difficulties with interpretation and application. Therefore, there is a persisting need for an appropriately developed and validated severity scoring system for allergic reactions that work across the range of allergenic triggers and address the needs of different stakeholder groups. We propose a novel approach to develop and then validate a harmonized scoring system for acute allergic reactions, based on a data-driven method that is informed by clinical and patient experience and other stakeholders' perspectives. We envisage two formats: (i) a numerical score giving a continuum from mild to severe reactions that are clinically meaningful and are useful for allergy healthcare professionals and researchers, and (ii) a three-grade-based ordinal format that is simple enough to be used and understood by other professionals and patients. Testing of reliability and validity of the new approach in a range of settings and populations will allow eventual implementation of a standardized scoring system in clinical studies and routine practice.
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Merchant FM, Hoskins M, Musat D, Passman R, Fisher A, Kerr MSD, Roberts G, Snell J, Nabutovsky Y, Mittal S. P6592Atrial fibrillation hospitalizations are reduced after implantable cardiac monitor implant. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Roberts G. Improving quality in allergy care. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 46:662-3. [PMID: 27112117 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schwarze J, Openshaw P, Jha A, Giacco SR, Firinu D, Tsilochristou O, Roberts G, Selby A, Akdis C, Agache I, Custovic A, Heffler E, Pinna G, Khaitov M, Nikonova A, Papadopoulos N, Akhlaq A, Nurmatov U, Renz H, Sheikh A, Skevaki C. Influenza burden, prevention, and treatment in asthma-A scoping review by the EAACI Influenza in asthma task force. Allergy 2018; 73:1151-1181. [PMID: 29105786 DOI: 10.1111/all.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To address uncertainties in the prevention and management of influenza in people with asthma, we performed a scoping review of the published literature on influenza burden; current vaccine recommendations; vaccination coverage; immunogenicity, efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of influenza vaccines; and the benefits of antiviral drugs in people with asthma. We found significant variation in the reported rates of influenza detection in individuals with acute asthma exacerbations making it unclear to what degree influenza causes exacerbations of underlying asthma. The strongest evidence of an association was seen in studies of children. Countries in the European Union currently recommend influenza vaccination of adults with asthma; however, coverage varied between regions. Coverage was lower among children with asthma. Limited data suggest that good seroprotection and seroconversion can be achieved in both children and adults with asthma and that vaccination confers a degree of protection against influenza illness and asthma-related morbidity to children with asthma. There were insufficient data to determine efficacy in adults. Overall, influenza vaccines appeared to be safe for people with asthma. We identify knowledge gaps and make recommendations on future research needs in relation to influenza in patients with asthma.
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Bartholomew JB, Golaszewski NM, Jowers E, Korinek E, Roberts G, Fall A, Vaughn S. Active learning improves on-task behaviors in 4th grade children. Prev Med 2018; 111:49-54. [PMID: 29474851 PMCID: PMC5930023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While increased opportunities for physical activity (PA) are a critical, public health need for children, school-based interventions often place teachers in the position to choose between PA and time spent on academic lessons. Active learning is designed to overcome this by combining PA with academic material. Moreover, teachers are likely to be more responsive to change in academic-related outcomes than in PA. This study utilizes a large, cluster randomized control trial in which student attention, or time on task (TOT) and accelerometer-based PA is assessed in conjunction with active learning. Participants were 2716 children (46% male, 46% white) from 28 elementary schools in Central Texas that were assigned to either: 1) active learning (math n = 10; spelling n = 9); or 2) traditional, sedentary academic lessons (n = 9). PA was measured with accelerometers. TOT was measured through a momentary time sampling protocol. A series of three-level (student, classroom, school) regression models estimated the effect of the intervention. The intervention lead to significantly increased TOT. Moreover, the dose of PA (steps) during the intervention was positively associated with the increase in TOT. In contrast, a greater dose of PA was associated with reduced TOT for students in control schools. Race, gender, and SES did not moderate these effects. Planned PA - as a part of an active, academic lesson - positively impacted TOT. In contrast, a traditional, sedentary lesson was associated with lower TOT. This differential impact offers intriguing possibilities to better understand the relationship between PA and academic performance.
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Nicolaou E, Quach J, Lum J, Roberts G, Spencer-Smith M, Gathercole S, Anderson PJ, Mensah FK, Wake M. Changes in verbal and visuospatial working memory from Grade 1 to Grade 3 of primary school: Population longitudinal study. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:392-400. [PMID: 29226355 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive working memory training is being implemented without an adequate understanding of developmental trajectories of working memory. We aimed to quantify from Grade 1 to Grade 3 of primary school (1) changes in verbal and visuospatial working memory and (2) whether low verbal and visuospatial working memory in Grade 1 predicts low working memory in Grade 3. METHOD The study design includes a population-based longitudinal study of 1,802 children (66% uptake from all 2,747 Grade 1 students) at 44 randomly selected primary schools in Melbourne, Australia. Backwards Digit Recall (verbal working memory) and Mister X (visuospatial working memory) screening measures from the Automated Working Memory Assessment (M = 100; SD = 15) were used to assess Grades 1 and 3 (ages 6-7 and 8-9 years) students. Low working memory was defined as ≥1 standard deviation below the standard score mean. Descriptive statistics addressed Aim 1, and predictive parameters addressed Aim 2. RESULTS One thousand seventy (59%) of 1802 Grade 1 participants were reassessed in Grade 3. As expected for typically developing children, group mean standard scores were similar in Grades 1 and 3 for verbal, visuospatial, and overall working memory, but group mean raw scores increased markedly. Compared to "not low" children, those classified as having low working memory in Grade 1 showed much larger increases in both standard and raw scores across verbal, visuospatial, and overall working memory. Sensitivity was very low for Grade 1 low working memory predicting Grade 3 low classifications. CONCLUSION Although mean changes in working memory standard scores between Grades 1 and 3 were minimal, we found that individual development varied widely, with marked natural resolution by Grade 3 in children who initially had low working memory. This may render brain-training interventions ineffective in the early school year ages, particularly if (as population-based programmes usually mandate) selection occurs within a screening paradigm.
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