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Frizziero A, Vittadini F, Pignataro A, Gasparre G, Biz C, Ruggieri P, Masiero S. Conservative management of tendinopathies around hip. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2016; 6:281-292. [PMID: 28066732 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2016.6.3.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anatomy of hip is widely complex and several anatomical structures interact and contribute to its functioning. For position and role, hip and the surrounding tendons, which have their insertion around, are overstressed and often overloaded, especially in athletes. This could lead to the developing of several tendinopathies, among which the differential diagnosis is often complicated. Many conservative treatments are used in clinical practice, while actually, no defined conservative protocol is recommended. METHODS This is a review article. The aim of this manuscript is to evaluate the current evidences about the effectiveness of conservative management in hip tendinopathies. CONCLUSION Conservative treatment is effective in the management of hip tendinopathies and may be considered the first-line approach for patients affected. However, there is lack of evidences about which is the most effective treatment. Exercise therapy seems to provide long-term pain relief, but the literature is still lacking about the correct type, dose, posology, intensity of exercise prescribed. Further studies about different local approaches, as PRP or hyaluronic acid injections, may be encouraged. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
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Clima R, Preste R, Calabrese C, Diroma MA, Santorsola M, Scioscia G, Simone D, Shen L, Gasparre G, Attimonelli M. HmtDB 2016: data update, a better performing query system and human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup predictor. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:D698-D706. [PMID: 27899581 PMCID: PMC5210550 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The HmtDB resource hosts a database of human mitochondrial genome sequences from individuals with healthy and disease phenotypes. The database is intended to support both population geneticists as well as clinicians undertaking the task to assess the pathogenicity of specific mtDNA mutations. The wide application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided an enormous volume of high-resolution data at a low price, increasing the availability of human mitochondrial sequencing data, which called for a cogent and significant expansion of HmtDB data content that has more than tripled in the current release. We here describe additional novel features, including: (i) a complete, user-friendly restyling of the web interface, (ii) links to the command-line stand-alone and web versions of the MToolBox package, an up-to-date tool to reconstruct and analyze human mitochondrial DNA from NGS data and (iii) the implementation of the Reconstructed Sapiens Reference Sequence (RSRS) as mitochondrial reference sequence. The overall update renders HmtDB an even more handy and useful resource as it enables a more rapid data access, processing and analysis. HmtDB is accessible at http://www.hmtdb.uniba.it/.
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Frizziero A, Vittadini F, Fusco A, Giombini A, Gasparre G, Masiero S. Eccentric exercise in lower limb tendinopathies: still a long way to go. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2016; 56:1431-1432. [PMID: 27845504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Sansone P, Claudio C, Berishaj M, Chang Q, Vinagolu R, Perna F, Bowman R, Vidone M, Daly L, Nnoli J, Santini D, Mario T, Shih N, Feldman M, Mao JJ, Colameco C, Chen J, DeMichele A, Fabbri N, Healey J, Cricca M, Gasparre G, Lyden D, Bonafe M, Bromberg JF. Abstract LB-236: Self-renewal of CD133hi cells by IL6/Notch3 signaling regulates endocrine resistance in metastatic breast cancers. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-lb-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mechanisms of metastatic progression from hormonal therapy (HT)-induced tumour dormancy to hormonal therapy resistance is largely unknown in luminal breast cancer. Analysis of clinical specimens revealed the enrichment of CD133hi/ERlo cancer cells in primary tumours following neo-adjuvant endocrine therapy and in HT refractory metastatic disease. We developed spontaneous experimental models of metastatic luminal breast cancer and determined that endocrine therapy can promote the generation of HT- resistant, self-renewing CD133hi/ERlo/IL6hicells. Dual pharmacological inhibition of IL6R-IL6 (tocilizumab) and ER (HT) abrogated the establishment of CD133hi/ERlo/IL6hi cancer stem cells (CSCs), restoring endocrine sensitivity to hormone-refractory metastatic disease, in both experimental and patient-derived endocrine-resistant bone metastasis. Hormonal therapy, initially abrogated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generating dormant (self-renewal deficient-CD133hi/ERlo/OXPHOSlo) cancer cells, These cells exited metabolic dormancy via an IL6 driven feed-forward ERlo-IL6hi-Notchhi loop, activating OXPHOS, in the absence of ER activity. Importantly, the inhibition of IL6R/IL6-Notch pathways switched the self-renewal of CD133hi CSCs, from an IL6/Notch-dependent one to an ER-dependent one, through the re-expression of ER. Thus, HT induces an OXPHOS metabolic editing of luminal breast cancers, paradoxically establishing HT-driven self-renewal of dormant CD133hi/ERlo cells mediating metastatic progression, which is sensitive to dual targeted therapy.
Citation Format: Pasquale Sansone, Ceccarelli Claudio, Marjan Berishaj, Qing Chang, Rajasekhar Vinagolu, Fabiana Perna, Robert Bowman, Michele Vidone, Laura Daly, Jennifer Nnoli, Donatella Santini, Taffurelli Mario, Natalie Shih, Michael Feldman, Jun James Mao, Christopher Colameco, Jinbo Chen, Angela DeMichele, Nicola Fabbri, John Healey, Monica Cricca, Giuseppe Gasparre, David Lyden, Massimiliano Bonafe, Jacqueline F. Bromberg. Self-renewal of CD133hi cells by IL6/Notch3 signaling regulates endocrine resistance in metastatic breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-236.
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Porcelli AM, Calvaruso MA, Iommarini L, Kurelac I, Zuntini R, Ferrari S, Gasparre G. A unique combination of rare mitochondrial ribosomal RNA variants affects the kinetics of complex I assembly. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:117-22. [PMID: 27102412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in respiratory complexes subunits contribute to a large spectrum of human diseases. Nonetheless, ribosomal RNA variants remain largely under-investigated from a functional point of view. We here report a unique combination of two rare mitochondrial rRNA variants detected by serendipity in a subject with chronic granulomatous disease and never reported to co-occur within the same mitochondrial haplotype. In silico prediction of the mitochondrial ribosomal structure showed a dramatic rearrangement of the rRNA secondary structure. Functional investigation of cybrids carrying this unique haplotype demonstrated that the co-occurrence of the two rRNA variants determines a slow-down of the mitochondrial protein synthesis, especially in cells with an elevated metabolic rate, which impairs the assembly kinetics of Complex I, induces a bioenergetic defect and stimulates reactive oxygen species production. In conclusion, our results point to a sub-pathogenic role for these two rare mitochondrial rRNA variants, when found in the unique combination here reported in a single individual.
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Eusebi L, Kurelac I, Guido A, Farioli A, Giaccherini L, Frazzoni L, Gasparre G, Bazzoli F, Morganti A, Fuccio L. PO-0992: The role of HIF-1 in the neo-vascularization of the rectal mucosa after radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)32242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Frizziero A, Salamanna F, Della Bella E, Vittadini F, Gasparre G, Nicoli Aldini N, Masiero S, Fini M. The Role of Detraining in Tendon Mechanobiology. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:43. [PMID: 26973517 PMCID: PMC4770795 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several conditions such as training, aging, estrogen deficiency and drugs could affect the biological and anatomo-physiological characteristics of the tendon. Additionally, recent preclinical and clinical studies examined the effect of detraining on tendon, showing alterations in its structure and morphology and in tenocyte mechanobiology. However, few data evaluated the importance that cessation of training might have on tendon. Basically, we do not fully understand how tendons react to a phase of training followed by sudden detraining. Therefore, within this review, we summarize the studies where tendon detraining was examined. Materials and Methods: A descriptive systematic literature review was carried out by searching three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Knowledge) on tendon detraining. Original articles in English from 2000 to 2015 were included. In addition, the search was extended to the reference lists of the selected articles. A public reference manager (www.mendeley.com) was adopted to remove duplicate articles. Results: An initial literature search yielded 134 references (www.pubmed.org: 53; www.scopus.com: 11; www.webofknowledge.com: 70). Fifteen publications were extracted based on the title for further analysis by two independent reviewers. Abstracts and complete articles were after that reviewed to evaluate if they met inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The revised literature comprised four clinical studies and an in vitro and three in vivo reports. Overall, the results showed that tendon structure and properties after detraining are compromised, with an alteration in the tissue structural organization and mechanical properties. Clinical studies usually showed a lesser extent of tendon alterations, probably because preclinical studies permit an in-depth evaluation of tendon modifications, which is hard to perform in human subjects. In conclusion, after a period of sudden detraining (e.g., after an injury), physical activity should be taken with caution, following a targeted rehabilitation program. However, further research should be performed to fully understand the effect of sudden detraining on tendons.
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Pippucci T, Maresca A, Magini P, Cenacchi G, Donadio V, Palombo F, Papa V, Incensi A, Gasparre G, Valentino ML, Preziuso C, Pisano A, Ragno M, Liguori R, Giordano C, Tonon C, Lodi R, Parmeggiani A, Carelli V, Seri M. Homozygous NOTCH3 null mutation and impaired NOTCH3 signaling in recessive early-onset arteriopathy and cavitating leukoencephalopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:848-58. [PMID: 25870235 PMCID: PMC4459822 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is essential for vascular physiology. Neomorphic heterozygous mutations in NOTCH3, one of the four human NOTCH receptors, cause cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Hypomorphic heterozygous alleles have been occasionally described in association with a spectrum of cerebrovascular phenotypes overlapping CADASIL, but their pathogenic potential is unclear. We describe a patient with childhood-onset arteriopathy, cavitating leukoencephalopathy with cerebral white matter abnormalities presented as diffuse cavitations, multiple lacunar infarctions and disseminated microbleeds. We identified a novel homozygous c.C2898A (p.C966*) null mutation in NOTCH3 abolishing NOTCH3 expression and causing NOTCH3 signaling impairment. NOTCH3 targets acting in the regulation of arterial tone (KCNA5) or expressed in the vasculature (CDH6) were downregulated. Patient's vessels were characterized by smooth muscle degeneration as in CADASIL, but without deposition of granular osmiophilic material (GOM), the CADASIL hallmark. The heterozygous parents displayed similar but less dramatic trends in decrease in the expression of NOTCH3 and its targets, as well as in vessel degeneration. This study suggests a functional link between NOTCH3 deficiency and pathogenesis of vascular leukoencephalopathies.
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Oliva F, Piccirilli E, Bossa M, Via AG, Colombo A, Chillemi C, Gasparre G, Pellicciari L, Franceschetti E, Rugiero C, Scialdoni A, Vittadini F, Brancaccio P, Creta D, Buono AD, Garofalo R, Franceschi F, Frizziero A, Mahmoud A, Merolla G, Nicoletti S, Spoliti M, Osti L, Padulo J, Portinaro N, Tajana G, Castagna A, Foti C, Masiero S, Porcellini G, Tarantino U, Maffulli N. I.S.Mu.L.T - Rotator Cuff Tears Guidelines. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2016; 5:227-63. [PMID: 26958532 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2015.5.4.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high level achieved in the field of shoulder surgery, a global consensus on rotator cuff tears management is lacking. This work is divided into two main sessions: in the first, we set questions about hot topics involved in the rotator cuff tears, from the etiopathogenesis to the surgical treatment. In the second, we answered these questions by mentioning Evidence Based Medicine. The aim of the present work is to provide easily accessible guidelines: they could be considered as recommendations for a good clinical practice developed through a process of systematic review of the literature and expert opinion, in order to improve the quality of care and rationalize the use of resources.
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Sansone P, Ceccarelli C, Berishaj M, Chang Q, Rajasekhar VK, Perna F, Bowman RL, Vidone M, Daly L, Nnoli J, Santini D, Taffurelli M, Shih NNC, Feldman M, Mao JJ, Colameco C, Chen J, DeMichele A, Fabbri N, Healey JH, Cricca M, Gasparre G, Lyden D, Bonafé M, Bromberg J. Self-renewal of CD133(hi) cells by IL6/Notch3 signalling regulates endocrine resistance in metastatic breast cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10442. [PMID: 26858125 PMCID: PMC4748123 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of metastatic progression from hormonal therapy (HT) are largely unknown in luminal breast cancer. Here we demonstrate the enrichment of CD133hi/ERlo cancer cells in clinical specimens following neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and in HT refractory metastatic disease. We develop experimental models of metastatic luminal breast cancer and demonstrate that HT can promote the generation of HT-resistant, self-renewing CD133hi/ERlo/IL6hi cancer stem cells (CSCs). HT initially abrogates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generating self-renewal-deficient cancer cells, CD133hi/ERlo/OXPHOSlo. These cells exit metabolic dormancy via an IL6-driven feed-forward ERlo-IL6hi-Notchhi loop, activating OXPHOS, in the absence of ER activity. The inhibition of IL6R/IL6-Notch pathways switches the self-renewal of CD133hi CSCs, from an IL6/Notch-dependent one to an ER-dependent one, through the re-expression of ER. Thus, HT induces an OXPHOS metabolic editing of luminal breast cancers, paradoxically establishing HT-driven self-renewal of dormant CD133hi/ERlo cells mediating metastatic progression, which is sensitive to dual targeted therapy. ER+ breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapies often acquire resistance and develop metastasis. In this study, the authors demonstrate that endocrine therapies can promote the self-renewal of CD133hi/ERlo drug resistant cells with metastatic potential driven through the IL6-Notch3 axis activation.
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Santorsola M, Calabrese C, Girolimetti G, Diroma MA, Gasparre G, Attimonelli M. A multi-parametric workflow for the prioritization of mitochondrial DNA variants of clinical interest. Hum Genet 2015; 135:121-36. [PMID: 26621530 PMCID: PMC4698288 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Assigning a pathogenic role to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and unveiling the potential involvement of the mitochondrial genome in diseases are challenging tasks in human medicine. Assuming that rare variants are more likely to be damaging, we designed a phylogeny-based prioritization workflow to obtain a reliable pool of candidate variants for further investigations. The prioritization workflow relies on an exhaustive functional annotation through the mtDNA extraction pipeline MToolBox and includes Macro Haplogroup Consensus Sequences to filter out fixed evolutionary variants and report rare or private variants, the nucleotide variability as reported in HmtDB and the disease score based on several predictors of pathogenicity for non-synonymous variants. Cutoffs for both the disease score as well as for the nucleotide variability index were established with the aim to discriminate sequence variants contributing to defective phenotypes. The workflow was validated on mitochondrial sequences from Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy affected individuals, successfully identifying 23 variants including the majority of the known causative ones. The application of the prioritization workflow to cancer datasets allowed to trim down the number of candidate for subsequent functional analyses, unveiling among these a high percentage of somatic variants. Prioritization criteria were implemented in both standalone (http://sourceforge.net/projects/mtoolbox/) and web version (https://mseqdr.org/mtoolbox.php) of MToolBox.
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Lee J, Ham S, Lee MH, Kim SJ, Park JH, Lee SE, Chang JY, Joung KH, Kim TY, Kim JM, Sul HJ, Kweon GR, Jo YS, Kim KS, Shong YK, Gasparre G, Chung JK, Porcelli AM, Shong M. Dysregulation of Parkin-mediated mitophagy in thyroid Hürthle cell tumors. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1407-18. [PMID: 26354775 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of defective mitochondria is the hallmark of oncocytes, which are frequently observed in thyroid Hürthle cell lesions. Autophagy is an essential cellular catabolic mechanism for the degradation of dysfunctional organelles and has been implicated in several human diseases. It is yet unknown how autophagic turnover of defective mitochondria in Hürthle cell tumors is regulated. We characterized the expression patterns of molecular markers including Beclin1, LC3, PINK1 and Parkin, which are required for autophagy or mitophagy, in human oncocytic lesions of the thyroid. To undertake mechanistic studies, we investigated autophagy and mitophagy using XTC.UC1 cells, the only in vitro model of Hürthle cell tumors. Beclin1 and LC3 were highly expressed in oncocytes of Hürthle cell tumors. XTC.UC1 showed autophagic responses to starvation and rapamycin treatment, whereas they displayed ineffective activation of mitophagy, which is triggered by the coordinated action of PINK1 and Parkin in response to CCCP. This resulted in a decreased turnover of abnormal mitochondria. The mechanisms underlying defective mitophagy and mitochondrial turnover were investigated by genetic analysis of the PARK2 gene in XTC.UC1 and Hürthle cell tumor tissues. XTC.UC1 and several tumors harbored the V380L mutation, resulting in dysfunctional autoubiquitination and decreased E3 ligase activity. Consistently, oncocytes in Hürthle cell tumors displayed comparable expression of PINK1 but decreased Parkin expression in comparison to normal thyrocytes. The introduction of wild-type Parkin sensitized XTC.UC1 to death induced by CCCP. This study provides a possible etiological basis for oncocytic formation in heterogeneous Hürthle cell tumors through insufficient mitophagy leading to ineffective turnover of aberrant mitochondria caused by dysfunctional Parkin-mediated pathways of mitochondria quality control.
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Perrone AM, Cima S, Pozzati F, Frakulli R, Cammelli S, Tesei M, Gasparre G, Galuppi A, Morganti AG, De Iaco P. Palliative electro-chemotherapy in elderly patients with vulvar cancer: A phase II trial. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112:529-32. [PMID: 26345705 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary endpoint of this trial was to assess clinical response (cCR) of squamocellular vulvar cancer (V-SCC) in elderly patients treated with electro-chemotherapy (ECT). Secondary endpoints were symptoms relief and local tumor control. METHODS A phase II study was designed and elderly patients with V-SCC unfit for other treatments were treated. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST criteria) were applied to evaluate tumor response. Quality of life (QoL) was evaluated by visual analogue score (VAS) for pain and four items of vulvar cancer subscale (VCS), of functional assessment of vulvar cancer therapy (FACT-V) [16], before, one month after the procedure and during follow-up. RESULTS Median age was 85 years (range 66-96 years). One month after treatment complete response was observed in 13 patients (52%), partial response in 7 (28%), stable disease in 3 (12%), and progressive disease in 2 (8%). Local tumor control at 1 and 6 months was 91% and 53%, respectively. Symptom free survival at 1 and 6 months was 78% and 40%, respectively, with significant reduction of pain (P < 0.01). One-year overall survival was 34%. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that ECT produces high response rate with significant reduction of pain and improvement of local symptoms.
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Kurelac I, de Biase D, Calabrese C, Ceccarelli C, Ng CKY, Lim R, MacKay A, Weigelt B, Porcelli AM, Reis-Filho JS, Tallini G, Gasparre G. High-resolution genomic profiling of thyroid lesions uncovers preferential copy number gains affecting mitochondrial biogenesis loci in the oncocytic variants. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1954-1971. [PMID: 26269756 PMCID: PMC4529616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncocytic change is the result of aberrant mitochondrial hyperplasia, which may occur in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells and is not infrequent in the thyroid. Despite being a well-characterized histologic phenotype, the molecular causes underlying such a distinctive cellular change are poorly understood. To identify potential genetic causes for the oncocytic phenotype in thyroid, we analyzed copy number alterations in a set of oncocytic (n=21) and non-oncocytic (n=20) thyroid lesions by high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Each group comprised lesions of diverse histologic types, including hyperplastic nodules, adenomas and carcinomas. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of categorical aCGH data resulted in two distinct branches, one of which was significantly enriched for samples with the oncocytic phenotype, regardless of histologic type. Analysis of aCGH events showed that the oncocytic group harbored a significantly higher number of genes involved in copy number gains, when compared to that of conventional thyroid lesions. Functional annotation demonstrated an enrichment for copy number gains that affect genes encoding activators of mitochondrial biogenesis in oncocytic cases but not in their non-oncocytic counterparts. Taken together, our data suggest that genomic alterations may represent additional/alternative mechanisms underlying the development of the oncocytic phenotype in the thyroid.
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Evangelisti C, de Biase D, Kurelac I, Ceccarelli C, Prokisch H, Meitinger T, Caria P, Vanni R, Romeo G, Tallini G, Gasparre G, Bonora E. A mutation screening of oncogenes, tumor suppressor gene TP53 and nuclear encoded mitochondrial complex I genes in oncocytic thyroid tumors. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:157. [PMID: 25880213 PMCID: PMC4374372 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid neoplasias with oncocytic features represent a specific phenotype in non-medullary thyroid cancer, reflecting the unique biological phenomenon of mitochondrial hyperplasia in the cytoplasm. Oncocytic thyroid cells are characterized by a prominent eosinophilia (or oxyphilia) caused by mitochondrial abundance. Although disruptive mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are the most significant hallmark of such tumors, oncocytomas may be envisioned as heterogeneous neoplasms, characterized by multiple nuclear and mitochondrial gene lesions. We investigated the nuclear mutational profile of oncocytic tumors to pinpoint the mutations that may trigger the early oncogenic hit. METHODS Total DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues from 45 biopsies of oncocytic tumors. High-resolution melting was used for mutation screening of mitochondrial complex I subunits genes. Specific nuclear rearrangements were investigated by RT-PCR (RET/PTC) or on isolated nuclei by interphase FISH (PAX8/PPARγ). Recurrent point mutations were analyzed by direct sequencing. RESULTS In our oncocytic tumor samples, we identified rare TP53 mutations. The series of analyzed cases did not include poorly- or undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, and none of the TP53 mutated cases had significant mitotic activity or high-grade features. Thus, the presence of disruptive TP53 mutations was completely unexpected. In addition, novel mutations in nuclear-encoded complex I genes were identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that nuclear genetic lesions altering the bioenergetics competence of thyroid cells may give rise to an aberrant mitochondria-centered compensatory mechanism and ultimately to the oncocytic phenotype.
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Vidone M, Clima R, Santorsola M, Calabrese C, Girolimetti G, Kurelac I, Amato LB, Iommarini L, Trevisan E, Leone M, Soffietti R, Morra I, Faccani G, Attimonelli M, Porcelli AM, Gasparre G. A comprehensive characterization of mitochondrial DNA mutations in glioblastoma multiforme. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 63:46-54. [PMID: 25668474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain cancer in adults, with a poor prognosis, whose molecular stratification still represents a challenge in pathology and clinics. On the other hand, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been found in most tumors as modifiers of the bioenergetics state, albeit in GBM a characterization of the mtDNA status is lacking to date. Here, a characterization of the burden of mtDNA mutations in GBM samples was performed. First, investigation of tumor-specific vs. non tumor-specific mutations was carried out with the MToolBox bioinformatics pipeline by analyzing 45 matched tumor/blood samples, from whole genome or whole exome sequencing datasets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium. Additionally, the entire mtDNA sequence was obtained in a dataset of 104 fresh-frozen GBM samples. Mitochondrial mutations with potential pathogenic interest were prioritized based on heteroplasmic fraction, nucleotide variability, and in silico prediction of pathogenicity. A preliminary biochemical analysis of the activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes was also performed on fresh-frozen GBM samples. Although a high number of mutations was detected, we report that the large majority of them does not pass the prioritization filters. Therefore, a relatively limited burden of pathogenic mutations is indeed carried by GBM, which did not appear to determine a general impairment of the respiratory chain. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Energy Metabolism Disorders and Therapies.
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Vatrinet R, Iommarini L, Kurelac I, De Luise M, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. Targeting respiratory complex I to prevent the Warburg effect. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 63:41-5. [PMID: 25668477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, studies of energetic metabolism in different tumors clearly indicate that the definition of Warburg effect, i.e. the glycolytic shift cells undergo upon transformation, ought to be revisited considering the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells. In fact, recent findings show that the shift from glycolysis to re-established oxidative metabolism is required for certain steps of tumor progression, suggesting that mitochondrial function and, in particular, respiratory complex I are crucial for metabolic and hypoxic adaptation. Based on these evidences, complex I can be considered a lethality target for potential anticancer strategies. In conclusion, in this mini review we summarize and discuss why it is not paradoxical to develop pharmacological and genome editing approaches to target complex I as novel adjuvant therapies for cancer treatment. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Energy Metabolism Disorders and Therapies.
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Cormio A, Cormio G, Musicco C, Sardanelli AM, Gasparre G, Gadaleta MN. Mitochondrial changes in endometrial carcinoma: possible role in tumor diagnosis and prognosis (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1011-8. [PMID: 25530491 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a solid neoplasia for which a role for mitochondria in cancer progression is currently emerging and yet represents a diagnostic and prognostic challenge. EC is one of the most frequently occurring gynecological malignancies in the Western world whose incidence has increased significantly during the last decades. Here, we review the literature data on mitochondrial changes reported in EC, namely, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and discuss whether they may be used as new cancer biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of this cancer.
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Guerra F, Girolimetti G, Perrone AM, Procaccini M, Kurelac I, Ceccarelli C, De Biase D, Caprara G, Zamagni C, De Iaco P, Santini D, Gasparre G. Mitochondrial DNA genotyping efficiently reveals clonality of synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1412-20. [PMID: 24633194 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous independent primary tumors of the female genital tract occur in 1-2% of gynecological cancer patients, 50-70% of which are synchronous tumors of the endometrium and ovary. Recognition of synchrony upon multiple tumors is crucial for correct prognosis, therapeutic choice, and patient management. Current guidelines for determining synchrony, based on surgical and histopathological findings, are often ambiguous and may require further molecular analyses. However, because of the uniqueness of each tumor and of its intrinsic heterogeneity, these analyses may sometimes be inconclusive. A role for mitochondrial DNA genotyping was previously demonstrated in the diagnosis of synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinoma. We have analyzed 11 sample pairs of simultaneously revealed endometrial and ovarian cancers and have thereby applied conventional histopathological criteria, current molecular analyses (microsatellite instability, β-catenin immunohistochemical staining/CTNNB1 mutation screening), and mitochondrial DNA sequencing to distinguish separate independent tumors from metastases, comparing the performance and the informative potential of such methods. We have demonstrated that in ambiguous interpretations where histopathological criteria and canonical molecular methods fail to be conclusive, mitochondrial DNA analysis may act as a needle of balance and allow to formulate a diagnosis in 45.5% of our cases. Additional advantages of mitochondrial DNA genotyping, besides the high level of information we demonstrated here, are the easy implementation and the need for small amounts of starting material. Our results show that mitochondrial DNA genotyping may provide a substantial contribution to indisputably recognize the metastatic nature of simultaneously detected endometrial and ovarian cancers and may change the final staging and clinical management of these patients.
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Gasparre G, Vidone M, Cricca M, Savini C, Trevisan E, Soffietti R, Faccani G, Leone M, Morra I. P17.58 * DETECTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS DNA IN A SUBSET OF GLIOBLASTOMA SAMPLES. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Guerra F, Girolimetti G, Kurelac I, Perrone AM, Procaccini M, De Biase D, Ceccarelli C, Caprara G, De Iaco P, Santini D, Gasparre G. Mitochondrial DNA genotyping reveals synchronous nature of endometrial and ovarian cancers. J Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Calabrese C, Simone D, Diroma MA, Santorsola M, Guttà C, Gasparre G, Picardi E, Pesole G, Attimonelli M. MToolBox: a highly automated pipeline for heteroplasmy annotation and prioritization analysis of human mitochondrial variants in high-throughput sequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 30:3115-7. [PMID: 25028726 PMCID: PMC4201154 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Motivation: The increasing availability of mitochondria-targeted and off-target sequencing data in whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing studies (WXS and WGS) has risen the demand of effective pipelines to accurately measure heteroplasmy and to easily recognize the most functionally important mitochondrial variants among a huge number of candidates. To this purpose, we developed MToolBox, a highly automated pipeline to reconstruct and analyze human mitochondrial DNA from high-throughput sequencing data. Results: MToolBox implements an effective computational strategy for mitochondrial genomes assembling and haplogroup assignment also including a prioritization analysis of detected variants. MToolBox provides a Variant Call Format file featuring, for the first time, allele-specific heteroplasmy and annotation files with prioritized variants. MToolBox was tested on simulated samples and applied on 1000 Genomes WXS datasets. Availability and implementation: MToolBox package is available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/mtoolbox/. Contact:marcella.attimonelli@uniba.it Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Frizziero A, Vittadini F, Gasparre G, Masiero S. Impact of oestrogen deficiency and aging on tendon: concise review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2014; 4:324-328. [PMID: 25489550 PMCID: PMC4241423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about tendons and tenocyte biological behaviour during aging and, especially, oestrogen deficiency is limited. Women differ from men with regard to muscle and tendon, most likely due to differences in sex hormones activity and tissue response. To-date the interest in metabolic factors that may induce tendon disorders is growing. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the current findings in the correlation between oestrogen deficiency, aging and tendon pathology and to encourage future researches to ameliorate assessment and management of tendinopathies in postmenopausal women.
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Diroma MA, Calabrese C, Simone D, Santorsola M, Calabrese FM, Gasparre G, Attimonelli M. Extraction and annotation of human mitochondrial genomes from 1000 Genomes Whole Exome Sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2014; 15 Suppl 3:S2. [PMID: 25077682 PMCID: PMC4083402 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-s3-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) is one of the most used and cost-effective next generation technologies that allows sequencing of all nuclear exons. Off-target regions may be captured if they present high sequence similarity with baits. Bioinformatics tools have been optimized to retrieve a large amount of WES off-target mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), by exploiting the aspecificity of probes, partially overlapping to Nuclear mitochondrial Sequences (NumtS). The 1000 Genomes project represents one of the widest resources to extract mtDNA sequences from WES data, considering the large effort the scientific community is undertaking to reconstruct human population history using mtDNA as marker, and the involvement of mtDNA in pathology. Results A previously published pipeline aimed at assembling mitochondrial genomes from off-target WES reads and further improved to detect insertions and deletions (indels) and heteroplasmy in a dataset of 1242 samples from the 1000 Genomes project, enabled to obtain a nearly complete mitochondrial genome from 943 samples (76% analyzed exomes). The robustness of our computational strategy was highlighted by the reduction of reads amount recognized as mitochondrial in the original annotation produced by the Consortium, due to NumtS filtering. An accurate survey was carried out on 1242 individuals. 215 indels, mostly heteroplasmic, and 3407 single base variants were mapped. A homogeneous mismatches distribution was observed along the whole mitochondrial genome, while a lower frequency of indels was found within protein-coding regions, where frameshift mutations may be deleterious. The majority of indels and mismatches found were not previously annotated in mitochondrial databases since conventional sequencing methods were limited to homoplasmy or quasi-homoplasmy detection. Intriguingly, upon filtering out non haplogroup-defining variants, we detected a widespread population occurrence of rare events predicted to be damaging. Eventually, samples were stratified into blood- and lymphoblastoid-derived to detect possibly different trends of mutability in the two datasets, an analysis which did not yield significant discordances. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is likely the most extended population-scale mitochondrial genotyping in humans enriched with the estimation of heteroplasmies.
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Skuza G, Sadaj W, Kabziński M, Cassano G, Gasparre G, Abate C, Berardi F. The effects of new sigma (σ) receptor ligands, PB190 and PB212, in the models predictive of antidepressant activity. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:320-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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