The sorption behavior of a nickel-insolubilized humic acid system in a column arrangement

The sorption characteristics of insolubilized humic acid (IHA) were investigated for Ni (II) in a column arrangement. The sodium form of the IHA (INaA) was used as a solid phase. Column operations were performed with five steps and all of them were monitored continuously by a flowthrough cell-adapted UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Thus, all solid-phase extraction (SPE) steps were visualized by breakthrough curves and analyses progress were evaluated. However, all calculations and evaluations were focused on the atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) analyses of the solutions collected during the stripping steps. There was a high correlation (r(2), 0.972) between peak area and AAS data of stripping steps. The effect of concentration and pH of the loading solution onto sorption of Ni (II) by INaA was investigated. Sorption characteristics were evaluated by using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption isotherms, as well as by Scatchard plot analysis. Multilayer sorption was found to be agreeable for Ni (II). From the D-R isotherm the mean free energy of sorption (E) was calculated (6.65 kJ mol(-1)) and attributed to the multilayer sorption. Finally, the sorption characteristic of the INaA-Ni (II) system was compared with that of the INaA-Cu (II) system, and possible separation of two ions in a binary mixture system is discussed.

Penetrating type intraosseous ganglion cyst of the lunate bone

Intraosseous ganglion cysts of the carpal bones located in the lunate are one of the rarely seen pathologic conditions. Here we present a case of the penetrating type of intraosseous ganglion cyst located in the lunate as an uncommon cause of wrist pain. The patient was successfully treated by surgical intervention. Intraosseous ganglion cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic dull wrist pain.

[Synthesis of two new acetanilide derivatives and their effect on the serum antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C) and the MDA level in rats]

Acetanilide derivatives, 2,2'-thiobis[N-(4-nitrophenyl)acetamide] and 2,2'-thiobis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)acetamide], were synthesized and characterized. They were shown to cause a considerable oxidative stress in rats.

Investigation of antioxidant vitamins (A, E, C) and lipid peroxidation levels in rats injected N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) amine

The present study examined the influence of synthetic N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl) amine (2-Amdz) on levels of vitamins A, E and C and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats. A total of 30 rats, divided into two groups, were used in the study. The control group was given only a subcutaneous injection of 250 µL 75% ethanol, every other day. The other group of rats was administered a subcutaneous injection of 2-Amdz (25 mg kg^-1, dissolved in 250 µL of 75% ethanol). Injections were continued for 16 days. After the application of 2-Amdz for 16 days, the serum levels of vitamins A, E and C and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by HPLC. The serum vitamin A, E, and C levels decreased significantly compared to controls (p<0.05) whereas serum MDA levels were higher than control levels (p<0.005). As a result, it can be suggested that 2-Amdz induced a severe stress and more importantly, increased the amount of free radicals and significantly decreased the levels of serum antioxidant vitamins.

Investigation of the properties of oil at the bleaching unit of an oil refinery

Color removal from neutralized sunflower oil was studied with different kinds of commercial bleaching earths. The effect of changes in time (25 and 35 min), temperature (80-125 degrees C), and bleaching earth dosage (0.1-0.9% by weight) on color, chlorophyll and carotene concentrations, and oxidation degree were investigated. To obtain adsorption curves from coloring compounds adsorbed onto activated bleaching earths, the Langmuir and Freundlich equations was used, the constant parameters and correlation coefficient R were calculated for each type of bleaching earth, and color changes were explained by both adsorption isotherms. It was observed that an increase in bleaching earth dosage decreases color. Its effect on oxidation state, however, is complex and related to both primary and secondary oxidation products. In addition, an increase in temperature seems to decrease chlorophyll and carotene adsorptions. Generally, time beyond equilibrium is considered useless for the removal of unwanted components. This study also confirms this claim and reveals that the peroxide value does not indicate the oxidation state of the oil completely.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of a Dinuclear Nickel(II) Complex Bridged by an Alkoxide and a μ-Pyrazolate Ligand

A nickel(II) complex, [Ni2(L)(3,5-prz)], (L = 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-bromosalicylidene amino) propan-2-ol; 3,5-prz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate), was synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, infrared and electronic spectra. The crystal structure of the complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The nickel(II) ions are bridged by the alkoxo group of the ligand and the N atoms of the μ-pyrazolate group. Each nickel ion is coordinated by two O atoms and two N atoms, forming a square with trans-N2O2 geometry.

Evaluation of quality in patient-controlled analgesia provided by an acute pain service

Institutions with quality management programs need to evaluate the quality of perioperative pain management as well as other aspects of the health service. With the development of anesthesia-based pain services, improvement in this field has been reported. In this prospective study performed in a university hospital, we used a Postoperative Pain Therapy Assessment Questionnaire to quantify the effectiveness of pain therapy and factors affecting the degree of satisfaction and also to pinpoint areas that need improvement. A total of 915 patients who received patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain were included in the study; it seems to be the largest patient population from a single hospital. Data were collected as part of the hospital's quality improvement activities. By analyzing the questionnaires, we found that patients were satisfied with the pain therapy performed under the guidance of anesthesiologists, but predictors of satisfaction such as pain intensity and side effects (nausea, vomiting, constipation and difficulty in walking) decreased patient satisfaction considerably. Patients are aware of the fact that health care givers take postoperative care seriously and they do not want any untoward effects interrupting their postoperative care. They are trying to participate in the decision making and also to learn more about pain medicine.

Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues in pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca L. in Beysehir Lake (Central Anatolia)

Fishes in Beysehir Lake were analysed to determine organochlorine pesticide residues. The more frequently detected compounds are DDT complex (DDT, DDD, DDE and isomers), total HCH complex (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH and gamma-HCH or lindane), aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and heptachlorine. Eighty five percent of the fish samples were found to be contaminated. While 75% of the total samples were contaminated by one or more HCH isomers, 63% of the organochlorinated pesticide is DDT and its metabolites. Aldrin, dieldrin and endrin are minor pesticides in samples. Heptachlorine was found in only one sample. Despite their presence high concentrations are sporadic, the mean values being less than FAO/WHO maximum recommended limits.

Magnesium infusion reduces perioperative pain

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Magnesium has antinociceptive effects in animal and human models of pain. These effects are primarily based on the regulation of calcium influx into the cell. The aim of this study was to determine whether perioperative infusion of magnesium would reduce postoperative pain and anxiety.

METHODS

Twenty-four patients, undergoing elective hysterectomy, received a bolus of 30 mg kg(-1) magnesium sulphate or the same volume of isotonic sodium chloride solution intravenously before the start of surgery and 0.5 g h(-1) infusion for the next 20 h. Intraoperative and postoperative analgesia were achieved with fentanyl and morphine respectively. Patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively for anxiety.

RESULTS

Fentanyl consumption and total morphine requirements were significantly decreased in the magnesium group compared to the control group. Postoperative anxiety scores and sedation were similar between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Continuous magnesium infusion, including the pre-, intra-, and postoperative periods reduces analgesic requirements. These results demonstrate that magnesium can be an adjuvant for perioperative analgesic management.

2-[1-(Hydroxyimino)ethyl]-2,5,5-trimethylperhydropyrimidine-butane-2,3-dione monooxime (1/1)

The title compound, C(9)H(19)N(3)O.C(4)H(7)NO(2), displays strong intramolecular O-H...N [O...N 2.6743 (13) A] and N-H...N [N...N 2.6791 (15) A] hydrogen bonds, and strong intermolecular O-H...N [O...N 2.7949 (15) A] and N-H...O [N...O 3.0924 (16) A] hydrogen bonds. This creates chains of perhydropyrimidine molecules, linked by hydrogen bonds. Each chain is linked to a partner chain, through hydrogen bonds to two butane-2,3-dione monooxime molecules, in a structure reminiscent of a ladder.

Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Transfer through Charged Polysulfonated Cation Exchange Membranes

The transport of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions through charged polysulfonated ion exchange membranes under Donnan dialysis conditions has been studied as a function of pH gradient at 25 degrees C. In the Donnan dialysis process, the membrane is bounded by two electrolyte solutions, the one side (donor phase) initially containing metal salts and the other H(2)SO(4) with no external potential field applied. The transport of metal ions through membranes was correlated with the flux data as well as with estimated diffusion coefficients and was found to depend on the interaction between the fixed groups in the membrane and the metal ions. It was observed that the pH gradient influences the transport of metals and the flux of ions increases with H ion concentration in the receiver phase. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.