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Hodges J, Boike T, Lotan Y, Benton R, Pistenmaa D, Choy H, Timmerman R. Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) versus Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Low or Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: A Markov Model Decision Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Wolfson AH, Bae K, Komaki R, Meyers C, Movsas B, Le Pechoux C, Werner-Wasik M, Videtic GMM, Garces YI, Choy H. Primary analysis of a phase II randomized trial Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0212: impact of different total doses and schedules of prophylactic cranial irradiation on chronic neurotoxicity and quality of life for patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81:77-84. [PMID: 20800380 PMCID: PMC3024447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of dose and fractionation schedule of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on the incidence of chronic neurotoxicity (CNt) and changes in quality of life for selected patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD SCLC). METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with LD SCLC who achieved a complete response after chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation were eligible for randomization to undergo PCI to a total dose of 25 Gy in 10 daily fractions (Arm 1) vs. the experimental cohort of 36 Gy. Those receiving 36 Gy underwent a secondary randomization between daily 18 fractions (Arm 2) and twice-daily 24 fractions (Arm 3). Enrolled patients participated in baseline and follow-up neuropsychological test batteries along with quality-of-life assessments. RESULTS A total of 265 patients were accrued, with 131 in Arm 1, 67 in Arm 2, and 66 in Arm 3 being eligible. There are 112 patients (42.2%) alive with 25.3 months of median follow-up. There were no significant baseline differences among groups regarding quality-of-life measures and one of the neuropsychological tests, namely the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. However, at 12 months after PCI there was a significant increase in the occurrence of CNt in the 36-Gy cohort (p=0.02). Logistic regression analysis revealed increasing age to be the most significant predictor of CNt (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Because of the increased risk of developing CNt in study patients with 36 Gy, a total PCI dose of 25 Gy remains the standard of care for patients with LD SCLC attaining a complete response to initial chemoradiation.
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Gondi V, Paulus R, Bruner D, Meyers CA, Gore E, Wolfson AH, Werner-Wasik M, Choy H, Movsas B. Prognostic significance of QOL deterioration during early lung cancer survivorship: Secondary analysis of RTOG 0212 and 0214. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.6061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Blumenschein GR, Paulus R, Curran WJ, Robert F, Fossella F, Werner-Wasik M, Herbst RS, Doescher PO, Choy H, Komaki R. Phase II study of cetuximab in combination with chemoradiation in patients with stage IIIA/B non-small-cell lung cancer: RTOG 0324. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:2312-8. [PMID: 21555682 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.31.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) commonly expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is associated with poor clinical outcome. Cetuximab is a chimerized monoclonal antibody that targets the EGFR and, in preclinical models, it demonstrates radiosensitization properties. We report a phase II trial testing the combination of cetuximab with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in unresectable stage III NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligibility criteria included unresectable stage III NSCLC, Zubrod performance status ≤ 1, weight loss ≤ 5%, forced expiratory volume in 1 second ≥ 1.2 L, and adequate organ function. Patients received an initial dose of cetuximab (400 mg/m(2)) on day 1 of week 1 and then weekly doses of cetuximab (250 mg/m(2)) until completion of therapy (weeks 2 through 17). During week 2, patients started CRT (63 Gy in 35 fractions) with weekly carboplatin at area under the [concentration-time] curve (AUC) 2 and six doses of paclitaxel at 45 mg/m(2) followed by carboplatin (AUC 6) and two cycles of paclitaxel (200 mg/m(2)) during weeks 12 through 17. Primary end points included safety and compliance of concurrent cetuximab and CRT. RESULTS In all, 93 patients were enrolled and 87 were evaluable. Median follow-up was 21.6 months. Response rate was 62% (n = 54), median survival was 22.7 months, and 24-month overall survival was 49.3%. Adverse events related to treatment included 20% grade 4 hematologic toxicities, 8% grade 3 esophagitis, and 7% grade 3 to 4 pneumonitis. There were five grade 5 events. CONCLUSION The combination of cetuximab with CRT is feasible and shows promising activity. The median and overall survival achieved with this regimen were longer than any previously reported by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.
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Mukherjee B, Choy H, Nirodi C, Burma S. Targeting nonhomologous end-joining through epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition: rationale and strategies for radiosensitization. Semin Radiat Oncol 2011; 20:250-7. [PMID: 20832017 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal type of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic drugs used to eradicate cancer cells. The ability of cancer cells to effectively repair DSBs significantly influences the outcome of therapeutic regimens. Therefore, a new and important area of clinical cancer research is the development of DNA repair inhibitors that can be used as radio- or chemosensitizers. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is the predominant pathway for the repair of radiation-induced DSBs. A series of recent reports indicates that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or its downstream components may modulate NHEJ through direct interaction with the DNA repair enzyme, DNA-dependent protein kinase. Because EGFR is overexpressed or activated in many cancers, these findings provide a compelling rationale for combining radiotherapy with therapies that block EGFR or its downstream signaling components. In this review, we delineate how these novel connections between a cell-surface receptor (EGFR) and a predominantly nuclear event (NHEJ) provide vulnerable nodes that can be selectively targeted to improve cancer therapy.
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Sun A, Bae K, Gore EM, Movsas B, Wong SJ, Meyers CA, Bonner JA, Schild SE, Gaspar LE, Bogart JA, Werner-Wasik M, Choy H. Phase III trial of prophylactic cranial irradiation compared with observation in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: neurocognitive and quality-of-life analysis. J Clin Oncol 2010; 29:279-86. [PMID: 21135267 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.29.6053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There are scant data regarding the effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on neurocognitive function (NCF) and quality of life (QOL). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 0214 showed no overall survival (OS) benefit for PCI in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 1 year. However, there was a significant decrease in brain metastases (BM). This analysis focuses on the impact of PCI on NCF and QOL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage III NSCLC who completed definitive therapy without progression were randomly assigned to PCI or observation. NCF was assessed with Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). QOL was assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core tool (QOL Questionnaire-QLQC30) and brain module (QLQBN20). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences at 1 year between the two arms in any component of the EORTC-QLQC30 or QLQBN20 (P > .05), although a trend for greater decline in patient-reported cognitive functioning with PCI was noted. There were no significant differences in MMSE (P = .60) or ADLS (P = .88). However, for HVLT, there was greater decline in immediate recall (P = .03) and delayed recall (P = .008) in the PCI arm at 1 year. CONCLUSION PCI in stage III NSCLC significantly decreases the risk of BM without improving 1-year OS. There were no significant differences in global cognitive function (MMSE) or QOL after PCI, but there was a significant decline in memory (HVLT) at 1 year. This study provides prospective data regarding the relative risks and benefits of PCI in this setting and the need to use sensitive cognitive assessments.
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Gore EM, Bae K, Wong SJ, Sun A, Bonner JA, Schild SE, Gaspar LE, Bogart JA, Werner-Wasik M, Choy H. Phase III comparison of prophylactic cranial irradiation versus observation in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: primary analysis of radiation therapy oncology group study RTOG 0214. J Clin Oncol 2010; 29:272-8. [PMID: 21135270 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.29.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine if prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) improves survival in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage III NSCLC without disease progression after treatment with surgery and/or radiation therapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy were eligible. Participants were stratified by stage (IIIA v IIIB), histology (nonsquamous v squamous), and therapy (surgery v none) and were randomly assigned to PCI or observation. PCI was delivered to 30 Gy in 15 fractions. The primary end point of the study was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points were disease-free survival (DFS), neurocognitive function (NCF), and quality of life. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analyses were used for OS and DFS. The incidence of brain metastasis (BM) was evaluated with the logistic regression model. RESULTS Overall, 356 patients were accrued of the targeted 1,058. The study was closed early because of slow accrual; 340 of the 356 patients were eligible. The 1-year OS (P = .86; 75.6% v 76.9% for PCI v observation) and 1-year DFS (P = .11; 56.4% v 51.2% for PCI v observation) were not significantly different. The hazard ratio for observation versus PCI was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.36). The 1-year rates of BM were significantly different (P = .004; 7.7% v 18.0% for PCI v observation). Patients in the observation arm were 2.52 times more likely to develop BM than those in the PCI arm (unadjusted odds ratio, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.32 to 4.80). CONCLUSION In patients with stage III disease without progression of disease after therapy, PCI decreased the rate of BM but did not improve OS or DFS.
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Bradley J, Bae K, Choi N, Forster K, Siegel BA, Brunetti J, Purdy J, Faria S, Vu T, Thorstad W, Choy H. A phase II comparative study of gross tumor volume definition with or without PET/CT fusion in dosimetric planning for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): primary analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0515. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 82:435-41.e1. [PMID: 21075551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0515 is a Phase II prospective trial designed to quantify the impact of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) compared with CT alone on radiation treatment plans (RTPs) and to determine the rate of elective nodal failure for PET/CT-derived volumes. METHODS Each enrolled patient underwent definitive radiation therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (≥ 60 Gy) and had two RTP datasets generated: gross tumor volume (GTV) derived with CT alone and with PET/CT. Patients received treatment using the PET/CT-derived plan. The primary end point, the impact of PET/CT fusion on treatment plans was measured by differences of the following variables for each patient: GTV, number of involved nodes, nodal station, mean lung dose (MLD), volume of lung exceeding 20 Gy (V20), and mean esophageal dose (MED). Regional failure rate was a secondary end point. The nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test was used with Bonferroni adjustment for an overall significance level of 0.05. RESULTS RTOG 0515 accrued 52 patients, 47 of whom are evaluable. The follow-up time for all patients is 12.9 months (2.7-22.2). Tumor staging was as follows: II = 6%; IIIA = 40%; and IIIB = 54%. The GTV was statistically significantly smaller for PET/CT-derived volumes (98.7 vs. 86.2 mL; p < 0.0001). MLDs for PET/CT plans were slightly lower (19 vs. 17.8 Gy; p = 0.06). There was no significant difference in the number of involved nodes (2.1 vs. 2.4), V20 (32% vs. 30.8%), or MED (28.7 vs. 27.1 Gy). Nodal contours were altered by PET/CT for 51% of patients. One patient (2%) has developed an elective nodal failure. CONCLUSIONS PET/CT-derived tumor volumes were smaller than those derived by CT alone. PET/CT changed nodal GTV contours in 51% of patients. The elective nodal failure rate for GTVs derived by PET/CT is quite low, supporting the RTOG standard of limiting the target volume to the primary tumor and involved nodes.
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Nedzi L, Sumer B, Myers L, Truelson J, Hughes R, Young G, Barker J, Yao M, Choy H. Phase I Study of Nab-paclitaxel, Cisplatin and Cetuximab with Concurrent Radiation Therapy for Local-regionally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kong FMS, Ritter T, Quint DJ, Senan S, Gaspar LE, Komaki RU, Hurkmans CW, Timmerman R, Bezjak A, Bradley JD, Movsas B, Marsh L, Okunieff P, Choy H, Curran WJ. Consideration of dose limits for organs at risk of thoracic radiotherapy: atlas for lung, proximal bronchial tree, esophagus, spinal cord, ribs, and brachial plexus. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 81:1442-57. [PMID: 20934273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the dose limits and standardize the three-dimenional (3D) radiographic definition for the organs at risk (OARs) for thoracic radiotherapy (RT), including the lung, proximal bronchial tree, esophagus, spinal cord, ribs, and brachial plexus. METHODS AND MATERIALS The present study was performed by representatives from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, and Soutwestern Oncology Group lung cancer committees. The dosimetric constraints of major multicenter trials of 3D-conformal RT and stereotactic body RT were reviewed and the challenges of 3D delineation of these OARs described. Using knowledge of the human anatomy and 3D radiographic correlation, draft atlases were generated by a radiation oncologist, medical physicist, dosimetrist, and radiologist from the United States and reviewed by a radiation oncologist and medical physicist from Europe. The atlases were then critically reviewed, discussed, and edited by another 10 radiation oncologists. RESULTS Three-dimensional descriptions of the lung, proximal bronchial tree, esophagus, spinal cord, ribs, and brachial plexus are presented. Two computed tomography atlases were developed: one for the middle and lower thoracic OARs (except for the heart) and one focusing on the brachial plexus for a patient positioned supine with their arms up for thoracic RT. The dosimetric limits of the key OARs are discussed. CONCLUSIONS We believe these atlases will allow us to define OARs with less variation and generate dosimetric data in a more consistent manner. This could help us study the effect of radiation on these OARs and guide high-quality clinical trials and individualized practice in 3D-conformal RT and stereotactic body RT.
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Lu C, Lee JJ, Komaki R, Herbst RS, Feng L, Evans WK, Choy H, Desjardins P, Esparaz BT, Truong MT, Saxman S, Kelaghan J, Bleyer A, Fisch MJ. Chemoradiotherapy with or without AE-941 in stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase III trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:859-65. [PMID: 20505152 PMCID: PMC2902826 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AE-941 is a standardized aqueous shark cartilage extract with antiangiogenic properties that has previously been evaluated in phase I and II clinical trials. Our objective was to determine the effect of adding AE-941 to chemoradiotherapy on overall survival of patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial was designed to test the efficacy of AE-941 in unresectable stage III NSCLC patients who were treated with chemoradiotherapy. Between June 5, 2000, and February 6, 2006, 379 eligible patients were enrolled in community and academic oncology centers across the United States and Canada. In February 2006, the trial was closed to new patient entry before meeting the target sample size because of insufficient accrual. All subjects received induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemotherapy with chest radiotherapy. Each participating center administered one of the two chemotherapy regimens, either carboplatin and paclitaxel, or cisplatin and vinorelbine. The primary endpoint was overall survival, and secondary endpoints were time to progression, progression-free survival, tumor response rate, and toxic effects. Event-time distributions were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between the chemoradiotherapy plus AE-941 group (n = 188; median survival = 14.4 months, 95% confidence interval = 12.6 to 17.9 months) and the chemoradiotherapy plus placebo group (n = 191; median survival = 15.6 months, 95% confidence interval = 13.8 to 18.1 months) (P = .73). Time to progression, progression-free survival, and tumor response rates were not statistically significantly different between the AE-941 and the placebo groups. No differences between the two groups were observed in common grade 3 or higher toxic effects attributable to chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The addition of AE-941 to chemoradiotherapy did not improve overall survival in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. This study does not support the use of shark cartilage-derived products as therapy for lung cancer.
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Bradley JD, Moughan J, Graham MV, Byhardt R, Govindan R, Fowler J, Purdy JA, Michalski JM, Gore E, Choy H. A phase I/II radiation dose escalation study with concurrent chemotherapy for patients with inoperable stages I to III non-small-cell lung cancer: phase I results of RTOG 0117. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 77:367-72. [PMID: 20457350 PMCID: PMC2869096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In preparation for a Phase III comparison of high-dose versus standard-dose radiation therapy, this Phase I/II study was initiated to establish the maximum tolerated dose of radiation therapy in the setting of concurrent chemotherapy, using three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eligibility included patients with histologically proven, unresectable Stages I to III non-small-cell lung cancer. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel, 50 mg/m(2), and carboplatin, AUC of 2, given weekly. The radiation dose was to be sequentially intensified by increasing the daily fraction size, starting from 75.25 Gy/35 fractions. RESULTS The Phase I portion of this study accrued 17 patients from 10 institutions and was closed in January 2004. After the initial 8 patients were accrued to cohort 1, the trial closed temporarily on September 26, 2002, due to reported toxicity. Two acute treatment-related dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were reported at the time: a case of grade 5 and grade 3 radiation pneumonitis. The protocol, therefore, was revised to de-escalate the radiation therapy dose (74 Gy/37 fractions). Patients in cohort 1 continued to develop toxicity, with 6/8 (75%) patients eventually developing grade >or=3 events. Cohort 2 accrued 9 patients. There was one DLT, a grade 3 esophagitis, in cohort 2 in the first 5 patients (1/5 patients) and no DLTs for the next 2 patients (0/2 patients). CONCLUSIONS The maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 74 Gy/37 fractions (2.0 Gy per fraction) using three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with concurrent paclitaxel and carboplatin therapy. This dose level in the Phase II portion has been well tolerated, with low rates of acute and late lung toxicities.
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Suntharalingam M, Paulus R, Edelman MJ, Krasna M, Burrows W, Gore E, Yom S, Choy H. RTOG 0229: A phase II trial of neoadjuvant therapy with concurrent chemotherapy and high-dose radiotherapy (XRT) followed by resection and consolidative therapy for LA-NSCLC. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Choy H, Schwartzberg LS, Dakhil SR, Garon EB, Choksi JK, Govindan R, Peng G, Koustenis AG, Treat J, Obasaju CK. Ongoing phase II study of pemetrexed plus carboplatin or cisplatin with concurrent radiation therapy followed by pemetrexed consolidation in patients with favorable-prognosis inoperable stage IIIA/b non-small cell lung cancer: Interim update. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.7082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lawrence YR, Pfeffer RM, Werner-Wasik M, Choy H, Dicker A. Combination of vorinostat with whole-brain radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.tps181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bradley JD, Bae K, Graham MV, Byhardt R, Govindan R, Fowler J, Purdy JA, Michalski JM, Gore E, Choy H. Primary analysis of the phase II component of a phase I/II dose intensification study using three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy for patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer: RTOG 0117. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2475-80. [PMID: 20368547 PMCID: PMC2881726 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Phase I of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0117 determined that 74 Gy was the maximum-tolerated dose with concurrent weekly carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy for inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Phase II results are reported here. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with unresectable stages I-III NSCLC were eligible. Chemotherapy consisted of weekly paclitaxel at 50 mg/m(2) and carboplatin at area under the curve 2 mg/m(2). The radiation dose was 74 Gy given in 37 fractions. Radiation therapy volumes included those of the gross tumor and involved nodes. The volume of lung at or exceeding 20 Gy (V20) was mandated to be RESULTS Of the combined phase I/II enrollment, a total of 55 patients received 74 Gy, of whom 53 were evaluable. The median follow-up was 19.3 months (range, 0.9 to 57.9 months) for all patients and 25.4 months (range, 13.1 to 57.9 months) for those still alive. The median survival for all patients was 25.9 months. The percentage surviving at least 12 months was 75.5% (95% CI, 65.7% to 85.2%). The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) times for stage III patients (n = 44) were 21.6 months and 10.8 months, respectively. OS and PFS rates at 12 months were 72.7% and 50.0%, respectively. Twelve patients experienced grade >or= 3 lung toxicity (two patients had grade 5 lung toxicity). CONCLUSION The median survival time and OS rate at 12 months for this regimen are encouraging. These results serve as projection expectations for the high-dose radiation arms of the current RTOG 0617 phase III intergroup trial.
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Siddiqui F, Bae K, Langer CJ, Coyne JC, Gamerman V, Komaki R, Choy H, Curran WJ, Watkins-Bruner D, Movsas B. The influence of gender, race, and marital status on survival in lung cancer patients: analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trials. J Thorac Oncol 2010; 5:631-9. [PMID: 20432520 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181d5e46a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the influence of gender, race, and marital status on overall survival (OS) in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group nonoperative non-small cell lung cancer trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 1365 patients treated on nine prospective Radiation Therapy Oncology Group studies activated during the 1990s were analyzed. Impact of gender, marital status, and race was considered in the Cox proportional hazards models. Age, Karnofsky performance status, weight loss, stage, histology, location of primary tumor, biologic equivalent dose, deviation from protocol dose, and education level were adjusted in the model. A two-sided p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Males had significantly higher mortality than females adjusted for other covariates (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.08 -1.38). Race and marital status were not independently predictive for OS. Single females had significantly better OS than single males (HR 0.72), and married males had lower OS than single females (HR 1.36). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that although certain subgroups of gender, race, and/or marital status have better outcomes with respect to OS; gender seems to be the most significant factor influencing survival results among nonoperative non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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Abstract
Cetuximab, a chimeric IgG(1) monoclonal antibody directed against the ligand-binding domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor, offers a paradigm for the combination of molecularly targeted therapies with cytotoxic agents. In preclinical models, the addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy or radiation therapy enhances antitumor activity. Proposed mechanisms include reducing tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and DNA repair capacity; increasing apoptosis; and inducing cell cycle arrest at treatment-sensitive points. These effects may enhance and restore tumor sensitivity to cytotoxic therapies. In clinical trials, the addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy improves outcomes of patients who had previously failed such agents, as illustrated in irinotecan-resistant and oxaliplatin-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. As initial therapy, the addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy extends survival in colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and head and neck cancer. Combining cetuximab with radiation therapy extends survival in locally advanced head and neck cancer. As predictive biomarkers are identified, it may become possible to select patients most likely to benefit from such combinations.
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Timmerman R, Paulus R, Galvin J, Michalski J, Straube W, Bradley J, Fakiris A, Bezjak A, Videtic G, Johnstone D, Fowler J, Gore E, Choy H. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for inoperable early stage lung cancer. JAMA 2010; 303:1070-6. [PMID: 20233825 PMCID: PMC2907644 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1863] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with early stage but medically inoperable lung cancer have a poor rate of primary tumor control (30%-40%) and a high rate of mortality (3-year survival, 20%-35%) with current management. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy in a high-risk population of patients with early stage but medically inoperable lung cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Phase 2 North American multicenter study of patients aged 18 years or older with biopsy-proven peripheral T1-T2N0M0 non-small cell tumors (measuring <5 cm in diameter) and medical conditions precluding surgical treatment. The prescription dose was 18 Gy per fraction x 3 fractions (54 Gy total) with entire treatment lasting between 1(1/2) and 2 weeks. The study opened May 26, 2004, and closed October 13, 2006; data were analyzed through August 31, 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was 2-year actuarial primary tumor control; secondary end points were disease-free survival (ie, primary tumor, involved lobe, regional, and disseminated recurrence), treatment-related toxicity, and overall survival. RESULTS A total of 59 patients accrued, of which 55 were evaluable (44 patients with T1 tumors and 11 patients with T2 tumors) with a median follow-up of 34.4 months (range, 4.8-49.9 months). Only 1 patient had a primary tumor failure; the estimated 3-year primary tumor control rate was 97.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.3%-99.7%). Three patients had recurrence within the involved lobe; the 3-year primary tumor and involved lobe (local) control rate was 90.6% (95% CI, 76.0%-96.5%). Two patients experienced regional failure; the local-regional control rate was 87.2% (95% CI, 71.0%-94.7%). Eleven patients experienced disseminated recurrence; the 3-year rate of disseminated failure was 22.1% (95% CI, 12.3%-37.8%). The rates for disease-free survival and overall survival at 3 years were 48.3% (95% CI, 34.4%-60.8%) and 55.8% (95% CI, 41.6%-67.9%), respectively. The median overall survival was 48.1 months (95% CI, 29.6 months to not reached). Protocol-specified treatment-related grade 3 adverse events were reported in 7 patients (12.7%; 95% CI, 9.6%-15.8%); grade 4 adverse events were reported in 2 patients (3.6%; 95% CI, 2.7%-4.5%). No grade 5 adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer who received stereotactic body radiation therapy had a survival rate of 55.8% at 3 years, high rates of local tumor control, and moderate treatment-related morbidity.
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Yung KC, Liem H, Choy H, Yue TM. A study of critical processing technologies of liquid crystal polymer printed circuit board for high speed application. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jolly S, Kong F, Komaki R, Gaspar L, Bonner J, Sun A, Sandler H, Choy H, Movsas B. Factors Associated with Patterns of Practice for Elective Nodal Irradiation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients among US Radiation Oncologists. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Watkins Bruner D, Bae K, Siddiqui F, Langer C, Coyne J, Gamerman V, Komaki R, Choy H, Curran W, Movsas B. The Influence of Gender, Race, and Marital Status on Survival in Lung Cancer Patients: Meta-analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wolfson A, Bae K, Komaki R, Meyers C, Movsas B, Le Pechoux C, Werner-Wasik M, Videtic G, Garces Y, Choy H. Secondary Endpoints of a Phase II Randomized Trial (RTOG 0212): Impact of Different Total Doses and Schedules of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation on Chronic Neurotoxicity and Quality of Life for Patients with Limited Disease Small-cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Anderson J, Heinzerling J, Mao W, Papiez L, Abdulrahman R, Choy H, Solberg T, Timmerman R. 4D Cone Beam CT to Assess Daily Variation of Respiratory Motion after Abdominal Compression in Lung SBRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Movsas B, Bae K, Meyers C, Gore E, Bonner J, Sun A, Schild S, Gaspar L, Bogart J, Choy H. Phase III Study of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation vs. Observation in Patients with Stage III Non–small-cell Lung Cancer: Neurocognitive and Quality of Life Analysis of RTOG 0214. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grosshans D, Bae K, Blumenschein G, Curran W, Robert F, Fossella F, Werner-Wasik M, Doescher P, Choy H, Komaki R. Correlation of Pulmonary and Cardiac Dose–volume Histogram (DVH) Data with the Development of Radiation Adverse Events following Chemoradiation: Secondary Analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0324. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wakelee H, Loo BW, Kernstine KH, Putnam JB, Edelman MJ, Vokes EE, Schiller JH, Baas P, Saijo N, Adjei A, Goss G, Choy H, Gandara DR. Cooperative Group Research Efforts in Thoracic Malignancies 2009: A Review From the 10th Annual International Lung Cancer Congress. Clin Lung Cancer 2009; 10:395-404. [DOI: 10.3816/clc.2009.n.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Timmerman R, Paulus R, Galvin J, Michalski J, Straube W, Bradley J, Fakiris A, Bezjak A, Videtic G, Choy H. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Medically Inoperable Early-stage Lung Cancer Patients: Analysis of RTOG 0236. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bradley J, Bae K, Choi N, Forster K, Siegel B, Brunetti J, Purdy J, Faria S, Vu T, Choy H. A Phase II Comparative Study of Gross Tumor Volume Definition with or without PET/CT Fusion in Dosimetric Planning for Non–small-cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Primary Analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0515. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sangha R, Lara PN, Adjei AA, Baas P, Choy H, Gaspar LE, Goss G, Saijo N, Schiller JH, Vokes EE, Gandara DR. Cooperative Group Research Endeavors in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Current and Future Directions. Clin Lung Cancer 2009; 10:322-30. [DOI: 10.3816/clc.2009.n.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Farley H, Choy H, Ellicott A, Mascioli S, Reed J, Weintraub W, Reese C. 168: Utilization of the Situation-Background-Assessment-Request, Companion Phones, and Cell Phones Improves Communication With Consultants in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jain AK, Hughes RS, Sandler AB, Dowlati A, Schwartzberg LS, Dobbs T, Schlabach L, Wu J, Muldowney NJ, Choy H. A phase II study of concurrent chemoradiation with weekly docetaxel, carboplatin, and radiation therapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin for locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2009; 4:722-7. [PMID: 19404213 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181a5275c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current standard of care for good performance status patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma is concurrent chemoradiation, although a clearly superior regimen has not been identified. Docetaxel has been shown to possess good single-agent activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and radiosensitizing properties, both alone and synergistically with carboplatin. We undertook this phase II study to determine the safety and efficacy of weekly docetaxel-carboplatin and concurrent radiation therapy followed by docetaxel-carboplatin consolidation for the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC. METHODS Sixty-seven patients having previously untreated stage IIIA or IIIB unresectable NSCLC were enrolled, with 61 patients evaluated for endpoints. Docetaxel 20 mg/m IV infusion over 30 minutes followed by carboplatin area under the curve = 2 over 30 minutes was administered weekly during concurrent thoracic radiotherapy. After 3 week rest, consolidation docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) IV infusion over 60 minutes and carboplatin area under the curve = 6 over 30 minutes was administered every 3 weeks for two cycles. Concurrent thoracic radiation consisted of 45 Gy (1.8 Gy fractions 5 d/wk for first 5 weeks) followed by 18 Gy boost (2.0 Gy fractions 5 d/wk for 2 weeks) for a total dose of 63 Gy. RESULTS One and 2 years overall survival rates were 45 and 20%, respectively. Progression free survival at 1 year was 27%. Median survival time was 12 months. Median time to progression was 8 months. The primary hematologic toxicity was leukopenia. The primary nonhematologic toxicity was esophagitis. CONCLUSION The administered regimen of weekly docetaxel-carboplatin and concurrent radiation therapy followed by docetaxel-carboplatin consolidation has acceptable toxicity profile. However, the overall survivals at 1 and 2 years are somewhat disappointing.
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Timmerman R, Galvin J, Michalski J, Straube W, Ibbott G, Martin E, Abdulrahman R, Swann S, Fowler J, Choy H. Accreditation and quality assurance for Radiation Therapy Oncology Group: Multicenter clinical trials using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in lung cancer. Acta Oncol 2009; 45:779-86. [PMID: 16982540 DOI: 10.1080/02841860600902213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Starting in 2002, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group in North America began the process of developing multicenter prospective trials in lung cancer using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT). Much of the work was based on the prospective single institution trials from Indiana University that had been presented and published. In late 2004, RTOG 0236 using SBRT for medically inoperable patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was activated for accrual. Prior to activation, representatives from the Lung, Image-Guided Therapy, Physics, and Radiobiology Committees met on regular occasions to design the multicenter study and quality assurance measures. SBRT is not a black box, and the essence of the therapy had to be distilled via guidelines. Issues related to patient selection, method of dosimetry construction, equipment requirements, motion assessments and control, site accreditation, data exchange, and follow-up policies were worked out by compromise and consensus. RTOG 0236 has nearly completed its accrual. The Lung Committee has initiated the development of several other trials, each building on the last, to investigate the therapy in central tumors, in combinations with systemic therapy, in operable patients, and in lung metastases patients. The guidelines developed for RTOG 0236 will be refined to take advantage of more modern innovations including heterogeneity corrections and intensity modulation when appropriate. The development of RTOG 0618 using SBRT in operable patients with early stage NSCLC is a testament to both the enthusiasm from already published works and prospective multicenter clinical testing using SBRT techniques.
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Heinzerling JH, Hughes RS, Govindan R, Bradley JD, Schiller J, Peng G, Treat J, Obasaju C, Tran T, Choy H. A phase I study of pemetrexed plus carboplatin or cisplatin with concurrent chest radiation therapy (CRT) for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7545 Background: Pemetrexed is a multi-targeted antifolate that inhibits the synthesis of both pyrimidines and purines. Pemetrexed is an effective new chemotherapeutic agent in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Pemetrexed has also shown preclinical activity as a radiosensitizer in lung cancer. A phase I study was performed to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and phase 2 dose of carboplatin or cisplatin given with pemetrexed and CRT in LANSCLC. Methods: Patients (pts) with LANSCLC were enrolled. Initial intent was to establish the MTD of both weekly cisplatin and weekly carboplatin in combination with pemetrexed and CRT as an alternating two-arm phase I trial. Subsequently and based on early results from the CALGB 30407 trial (also evaluating the MTD of carboplatin), the protocol was amended to establish the safety of the planned phase II doses of cisplatin and carboplatin combined with pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and given every 3 weeks with concurrent CRT. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as ≥ Grade 3 hematologic or nonhematologic toxicity based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0. MTD was determined by occurrence of 2 DLTs among 6 pts in each cohort. Results: 22 pts were enrolled on 3 cohorts. All pts received pemetrexed, 9 with carboplatin AUC=2, 9 with cisplatin 30 mg/m2, and 4 with cisplatin 75 mg/m2. One DLT occurred in each of the carboplatin and cisplatin 30 mg/m2 cohorts, prompting enrollment of 3 additional patients. No DLTs were seen in the cisplatin 75 mg/m2 cohort. Conclusions: The MTD of cisplatin in combination with pemetrexed and CRT was not reached. Based on these results and those from CALGB 30407, either carboplatin AUC=5 or cisplatin 75 mg/m2 in combination with pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 given every 3 weeks with CRT appears to be well tolerated, and are currently being studied in a randomized phase II trial in pts with LANSCLC. [Table: see text]
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Agarwala AK, Hanna N, McCollum A, Bechar N, DiMaio M, Yu M, Tong Y, Becerra CR, Choy H. Preoperative cetuximab and radiation (XRT) for patients (pts) with surgically resectable esophageal and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) carcinomas: A pilot study from the Hoosier Oncology Group and the University of Texas Southwestern. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4557 Background: Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgical resection is a standard treatment option for pts with resectable esophageal or GE junction (GEJ) carcinomas (CA). Cetuximab, when combined with XRT is effective treatment for locally advanced cancers of the head and neck. We conducted this study to evaluate this regimen in pts with esophageal and GEJ CA. Methods: This is a single arm, open label pilot study combining cetuximab with XRT for pts with resectable esophageal and GEJ CA. The primary objective is to determine the pathologic complete response rate (pCR) (null hypothesis: p=0.20; alternative hypothesis: p=0.35) and determine the feasibility and toxicity of this regimen when given prior to esophagectomy. Key eligibility criteria are: squamous cell (SC)or adenoCA of the esophagus or GEJ, ECOG PS 0–2, clinical stage II -IVa, and eligible for esophagectomy. Pts received a loading dose of cetuximab at 400mg/m2 2 weeks prior to XRT, then weekly at 250 mg/m2 starting one week prior to XRT until completion of 50.4 Gy XRT. After satisfactory recovery, pts had esophagectomy. Results: Patient characteristics (n=40): median age 65 years (range, 54–82); 92% male; PS 0/1 63%/32%; esophageal/GEJ 65%/35%; adenoCA/SC 78%/22%; 36 pts have completed cetuximab and radiation and 26 pts have undergone esophagectomy. Of the 26 pts that have undergone esophagectomy, 13 obtained a pCR. 5/13 SC had pCR and 8/13 adenoCA had pCR. 10 pts did not undergo surgery for various reasons including disease progression (n=7), AE unrelated to treatment (n=2), and personal decision to forgo esophagectomy (n=1). 4 patients are still completing cetuximab/XRT. The most common G3 adverse event was rash (56%). Other G3 toxicities were infrequent and included dysphagia (6%), infection (6%), and GI bleed (3%). There have been no treatment or surgery related deaths. Conclusions: Cetuximab and XRT results in pCR's in pts with esophageal and GEJ CA (rate of pCR 13/36), including patients with either SC or adenoCA histologies. G3/4 toxicities, including dysphagia were generally uncommon. Further study of this combination prior to esophagectomy is warranted. [Table: see text]
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Gore EM, Bae K, Wong S, Bonner J, Sun A, Schild S, Gaspar LE, Bogart J, Werner-Wasik M, Choy H. A phase III comparison of prophylactic cranial irradiation versus observation in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Initial analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0214. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7506 Background: The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases is high in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Brain as an only site of relapse appears increasingly common as loco-regional and extra-cranial systemic treatment improves. There is not standard agreement as to how to address this risk. Methods: Patients with stage III NSCLC without progression of disease after loco-regional treatment with surgery and/or radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy were eligible. Participants were randomized to prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) or observation and stratified by stage (IIIA or B), histology (non-squamous or squamous) and therapy (surgery or no surgery). PCI was delivered once daily at 2Gy per fraction to 30Gy. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were disease free survival (DFS) and the impact of PCI on incidence of CNS metastases, neuropsychological function, and quality of life (QoL). Kaplan- Meier estimation with the log-rank test was used for OS and DFS and the logistic regression model was used for calculating the incidence of CNS metastasis. Results: Total accrual was 356 patients of the targeted 1058 between 9/19/02 and 8/30/07. The study was closed early due to slow accrual. 340 patients were evaluable. One year OS (p=0.86, 75.6 % and 76.9% for PCI and observation) and one year DFS (p=0.11, 56.4% and 51.2% for PCI and observation) were not statistically significantly different. However, CNS metastatic rate at 1 year was statistically significantly different with CNS relapse 7.7% vs. 18% for PCI vs. observation (p=0.004). Logistic regression showed that the patients in the observation arm are 2.52 times more likely to develop CNS metastases than those in the PCI arm (odds ratio=2.52, 95% CI=(1.32–4.80)). Conclusions: PCI in patients without progressive disease after loco-regional therapy for III NSCLC significantly decreases the rate of CNS metastases. This study did not show a statistically significant difference in OS or DFS. Forthcoming analysis of the impact of PCI on neuropsychological function and QoL will influence the recommendations regarding the standard use of PCI. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Komaki R, Paulus R, Ettinger DS, Videtic GM, Bradley JD, Glisson BS, Choy H. A phase II study of accelerated high-dose thoracic radiation therapy (AHTRT) with concurrent chemotherapy for limited small cell lung cancer: RTOG 0239. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7527 Background: Inter-group(IG) study 0096 showed that hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy (HFXART) and concurrent etoposide/cisplatin(EP) improved 5-yr survival (26 %) for patients (pts) with limited small cell lung cancer (LSCLC) compared to daily treatment (TRT) with EP (16%), (p=0.04), HFXART/ EP still had high local failure (LF 40 %) and acute severe esophagitis (ASE) rate (27%). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0239 was developed to improve local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) without increasing ASE.Methods: Eligibility included limited stage SCLC, age ≥ 18; P.S. 0–1, with adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function. RT was given to large field to 28.8 Gy: 1.8 Gy/ fraction (Fx), 5 days (d) / wk for 16 Fx followed by BID with AP/PA fields in AM @ 1.8 Gy /Fx; boost with 2nd treatment in PM @ 1.8 Gy/Fx on d: 23–26; then off-cord boost, 1.8 Gy, BID, x last 5 days for a total dose of 61.2 Gy in 5 wks. EP was started on day 1 of TRT with P, 60 mg/m2 i.v; E, 120 mg/m2 i.v.; E, 240 mg/m2 p.o. d 2 and 3 or E 120 mg/m2 i.v. / d on d 2 or 3. Repeat cycle every 3 wks x 2 cycles with RT, followed by adjuvant EP alone x 2 cycles. CR pts were asked to participate in the prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) study RTOG 0212. RTOG 0239 was designed to detect an improvement in the 2-year survival rate from 47% to 60% with less than 30% of ASE.Results: RTOG 0239 accrued 72 pts (71 eligible) from June 20, 2003 to May 23, 2006. The median follow-up time is 19.0 months for all pts, and 30.4 months for pts still alive. The median age was 63, 52% female, 58% Zubrod PS 0. The 2 -year survival rate was 37 % [95% CI: 25.6, 47.7]. 13 pts (18 %) experienced severe esophagitis. 2 treatment related deaths (2.8%) were reported. Response rates 2 months post RX showed CR 41%, PR 39%, SD 10% and PD 6%. Locoregional control rate at two years was 80%. RT compliance was 95 %.Conclusions: RTOG 0239, AHTRT/EP for LSCLC resulted in 37% 2-year OS, 80% 2 year LC and 18% ASE. Compliance with treatment was high and treatment-related death rate was similar to other chemoradiation regimens. Although 2-year OS did not achieve 60%, excellent LC and low ASE were achieved by RTOG 0239 which became one of 3 arms in an ongoing randomized trial of LSCLC RTOG0538/CALGB30610. [Table: see text]
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Mutter R, Lu B, Carbone DP, Csiki I, Moretti L, Johnson DH, Morrow JD, Sandler AB, Shyr Y, Ye F, Choy H. A phase II study of celecoxib in combination with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and radiotherapy for patients with inoperable stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:2158-65. [PMID: 19276291 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 up-regulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have promoted chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of tumor cells in preclinical trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a single-institution phase II study, we sought to determine the effectiveness of concurrent chemoradiation given with celecoxib and examined biomarkers to predict response to COX-2 inhibition. RESULTS Seventeen patients with stage IIIA or IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled in the study. All received 400 mg celecoxib twice daily continuously while on trial in addition to concurrent chemoradiation therapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Celecoxib was continued until disease progression. The overall objective response rate was 42.9%, and the median overall survival time was 203 days. In contrast to nonresponders, those patients with complete and partial responses had a significant decrease in the level of urinary 11alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranor-prostane-1,20-dioic acid (PGE-M), the major metabolite of prostaglandin E(2), after 1 week of celecoxib administration. Patients with very high levels of PGE-M before initiation of therapy also responded poorly to therapy. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels did not predict response or survival. CONCLUSION The trial was terminated because it did not meet the predetermined goal of 80% overall response rate. In unselected patients, the addition of celecoxib to concurrent chemoradiotherapy with inoperable stage IIIA/B NSCLC does not improve survival. Urinary PGE-M is a promising biomarker for predicting response to COX-2 inhibition in NSCLC.
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Wakelee H, Kernstine K, Vokes E, Schiller J, Baas P, Saijo N, Adjei A, Goss G, Gaspar L, Gandara DR, Choy H, Putnam JB. Cooperative group research efforts in lung cancer 2008: focus on advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2009; 9:346-51. [PMID: 19073517 DOI: 10.3816/clc.2008.n.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials performed within the cooperative group system play a substantial role in the advancing of lung cancer therapy. Interactions between the leaders of the cooperative groups are critical and occur regularly throughout the year, but the annual Lung Cancer Congress provides a unique forum for representatives from each group to present ongoing and planned studies in an interactive forum. Herein, we highlight discussion from the 9th annual Lung Cancer Congress in June 2008, focused on advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Many studies are looking at the addition of targeted agents such as bevacizumab, cetuximab, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, and apoptosis-inducing agents to chemotherapy. Personalizing therapy by better selection of patients for particular drugs is also being emphasized, most notably epidermal growth factor receptor fluorescence in situ hybridization overexpression and other predictions of response with cetuximab. Future articles in this series will address early and locally advanced NSCLC as well as other thoracic malignancies such as small-cell lung cancer and mesothelioma. Ongoing trials within the cooperative groups are an essential component of the persistent improvement in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Choy H, Hughes RS, Dimaio M, Tran T, Petrone M, Juvvadi S, Yun S, Schiller JH. Phase I study of oral platinum with concurrent radiation therapy in non small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.7560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Olsen CC, Paulus R, Komaki R, Varella-Garcia M, Dziadziuszko R, Curran WJ, Robert F, Choy H, Blumenschein GR, Hirsch FR. RTOG 0324: A phase II study of cetuximab (C225) in combination with chemoradiation (CRT) in patients with stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)—Association between EGFR gene copy number and patients’ outcome. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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142
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Hughes RS, Sandler AB, Jain AK, Dowlati A, Schwartzberg LS, Dobbs T, Schlabach L, Wu J, Muldowney NJ, Choy H. A phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly docetaxel, carboplatin, and radiation therapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin for locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.7565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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143
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Blumenschein GR, Paulus R, Curran WJ, Robert F, Fossella FV, Werner-Wasik M, Doescher P, Choy H, Komaki R. A phase II study of cetuximab (C225) in combination with chemoradiation (CRT) in patients (PTS) with stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A report of the 2 year and median survival (MS) for the RTOG 0324 trial. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.7516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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144
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Choy H, Park C, Yao M. Current status and future prospects for satraplatin, an oral platinum analogue. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1633-8. [PMID: 18347164 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs are major chemotherapeutic agents that are used alone or in combination with other systemic agents and/or radiation therapy in the management of many human malignancies. All three platinum drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are administrated intravenously. Satraplatin is the first orally administered platinum drug under active clinical investigation. Satraplatin and its major metabolite, JM118, have shown antineoplastic activity in in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical settings. Use of satraplatin as an alternative platinum cytotoxic agent is particularly attractive because of the convenience of administration, milder toxicity profile, lack of cross-resistance with cisplatin, theoretical advantage as a radiosensitizer, and activity in cancers historically nonresponsive to platinum drugs. The most mature clinical data for satraplatin come from the recently completed phase III trial that investigated the efficacy of satraplatin and prednisone on hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients who had failed a course of other chemotherapy agents. Preliminary reports show that the combination is statistically superior to placebo and prednisone in multiple end points, including progression-free survival, prostate-specific antigen response, objective tumor response, pain response, and duration of pain response. The difference in overall survival, however, did not reach statistical significance.
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145
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Sgroi MM, Hanna NH, McCollum AD, Bechar N, DiMaio M, Hammoud Z, Yu M, Choy H, Becerra CR. Preoperative cetuximab and radiation (XRT) for patients (pts) with surgically resectable esophageal and gastroesophageal (GE) junction carcinomas: A pilot study from the Hoosier Oncology Group and the University of Texas-Southwestern. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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146
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Langer CJ, Wakelee H, Schiller J, Choy H, Shepherd F, Vokes EE, Adjei AA, Baas P, Saijo N, Gandara DR. Cooperative Group Portfolio in Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Are We Making Progress? Clin Lung Cancer 2008; 9:85-91. [DOI: 10.3816/clc.2008.n.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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147
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Kodym E, Kodym R, Choy H, Saha D. Sustained Metaphase Arrest in Response to Ionizing Radiation in a Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line. Radiat Res 2008; 169:46-58. [DOI: 10.1667/rr0937.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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148
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Wakelee H, Langer C, Vokes E, Schiller J, Baas P, Saijo N, Adjei A, Shepherd F, Choy H, Gandara DR. Cooperative Group Research Efforts in Lung Cancer: Focus on Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2008; 9:9-15. [DOI: 10.3816/clc.2008.n.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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149
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Sun A, Wang L, Choy H, Gaspar L, Komaki R, Bonner J, Sandler H, Movsas B, Kong F. Differences in Pattern of Practice in Radiation Therapy for Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer between Physicians From Canada and the United States. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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150
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Konski A, Bhargavan M, Owen J, Komaki R, Langer C, Byhardt R, Paulus R, Choy H, Bruner D, Curran W. “Less is not Always more”: An Economic Analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 94–10. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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