51
|
Kronvang B, Behrendt H, Andersen HE, Arheimer B, Barr A, Borgvang SA, Bouraoui F, Granlund K, Grizzetti B, Groenendijk P, Schwaiger E, Hejzlar J, Hoffmann L, Johnsson H, Panagopoulos Y, Lo Porto A, Reisser H, Schoumans O, Anthony S, Silgram M, Venohr M, Larsen SE. Ensemble modelling of nutrient loads and nutrient load partitioning in 17 European catchments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:572-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b900101h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
52
|
Eberlein B, Gulyas A, Schultz K, Lecheler J, Flögel S, Wolfmeyer C, Thiessen K, Gass S, Kroiss M, Huss-Marp J, Darsow U, Hollweck R, Schuster T, Behrendt H, Ring J. Benefits of alpine mountain climate of Bavaria in patients with allergic diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the AURA* study. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; 19:159-161. [PMID: 19476022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
|
53
|
Schoumans OF, Silgram M, Walvoort DJJ, Groenendijk P, Bouraoui F, Andersen HE, Lo Porto A, Reisser H, Le Gall G, Anthony S, Arheimer B, Johnsson H, Panagopoulos Y, Mimikou M, Zweynert U, Behrendt H, Barr A. Evaluation of the difference of eight model applications to assess diffuse annual nutrient losses from agricultural land. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:540-53. [DOI: 10.1039/b823240g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
54
|
Hejzlar J, Anthony S, Arheimer B, Behrendt H, Bouraoui F, Grizzetti B, Groenendijk P, Jeuken MHJL, Johnsson H, Lo Porto A, Kronvang B, Panagopoulos Y, Siderius C, Silgram M, Venohr M, Žaloudík J. Nitrogen and phosphorus retention in surface waters: an inter-comparison of predictions by catchment models of different complexity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:584-93. [DOI: 10.1039/b901207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
55
|
Schoumans OF, Silgram M, Groenendijk P, Bouraoui F, Andersen HE, Kronvang B, Behrendt H, Arheimer B, Johnsson H, Panagopoulos Y, Mimikou M, Lo Porto A, Reisser H, Le Gall G, Barr A, Anthony SG. Description of nine nutrient loss models: capabilities and suitability based on their characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:506-14. [DOI: 10.1039/b823239c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
56
|
Vagstad N, French HK, Andersen HE, Behrendt H, Grizzetti B, Groenendijk P, Lo Porto A, Reisser H, Siderius C, Stromquist J, Hejzlar J, Deelstra J. Comparative study of model prediction of diffuse nutrient losses in response to changes in agricultural practices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:594-601. [DOI: 10.1039/b823112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
57
|
Chen W, Mempel M, Schober W, Behrendt H, Ring J. Gender difference, sex hormones, and immediate type hypersensitivity reactions. Allergy 2008; 63:1418-27. [PMID: 18925878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences in the development and prevalence of human diseases have long been recognized. Immense interest grows in the understanding of the role of sex hormones in the homeostasis of immunity. Asthma predominates in boys before puberty and this gender preference reverses after puberty and in adulthood, when adult women tend to have a more severe disease, often recalcitrant to treatment. Atopic eczema in preschool children shows insignificant gender difference or male preponderance in different studies, with more adult females suffering from atopic eczema. The limited data on the prevalence of immediate hypersensitivity to hymenoptera venom show controversial results. Discrepancy exists regarding the gender difference in food allergy, with females reporting significantly more allergic reactions in questionnaire studies. In general, adverse reactions to nonionic iodinated radiocontrast media are more commonly observed in females. The course of allergic diseases varies unpredictably during pregnancy, whereas hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women usually has a favorable influence on the course of asthma. Experiments in rodents confirm an effect of estrogens on mast cell activation and allergic sensitization, while progesterone is shown to suppress histamine release but potentiate IgE induction. Dehydroepiandrosterone may antagonize the production of Th2 cytokines but the effect of testosterone and the other androgens remains less defined. Actual data from human studies are lacking.
Collapse
|
58
|
Valet M, Pfab F, Sprenger T, Zimmer C, Behrendt H, Ring J, Darsow U, Tölle T. Die Untersuchung der Juckreizverarbeitung in Patienten mit atopischer Dermatitis – eine kombinierte psychophysische und funktionelle Bildgebungsstudie. AKTUELLE NEUROLOGIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
59
|
|
60
|
Strauven P, Hesse A, Thon A, Behrendt H. Xanthinurie mit Harnsteinbildung im Kindesalter. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1061217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
61
|
Kröpfl D, Plewa G, Behrendt H, Ringert R. Behandlung der Aspermie nach Lymphadenektomie mit Imipramin. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1062857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
62
|
Homann W, Sadony V, Rohm N, Schramm (†) G, Behrendt H. Wilms-Tumor mit intrakavalem Geschwulstwachstum bis in den rechten Vorhof. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1062872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
63
|
Behrendt H, Anlauf M, Heilmann L. Schwangerschaft und Geburt nach Harnableitung. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1062670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
64
|
Slater RM, Philip P, Badsberg E, Behrendt H, Hansen NE, Heerde PV. A 14q + Chromosome in a B-cell ALL and a Case of Leukaemic Non-endemic Burkitt's Lymphoma. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1978.tb02198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
65
|
Ringert R, Kersting D, Behrendt H, Eickenberg HU. Schwenklappenplastik bei peniler und penoskrotaler Hypospadie - Früh- und Spätergebnisse. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1062942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
66
|
Abe K, Wechs S, Kalaydjiev S, Franz TJ, Busch DH, Fuchs H, Soewarto D, Behrendt H, Wagner S, Jakob T, Hrabé de Angelis M. Novel lymphocyte-independent mechanisms to initiate inflammatory arthritis via bone marrow-derived cells of Ali18 mutant mice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:292-300. [PMID: 18276736 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a large-scale ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) mouse mutagenesis programme, we previously have identified and characterized a novel mutation Ali18 that causes inflammatory arthritis like lesions in peripheral joints. In this study, we analysed the immune system of Ali18 mice to understand mechanisms underlying the spontaneous inflammation. METHODS Humoral and cellular components of the immune system were phenotyped by ELISA and flow cytometry. The contribution of the immune system for phenotype expression was analysed in disease transfer experiments. The involvement of the adaptive immune system was investigated in Ali18;Rag1 double mutants and the influence of environmental factors was analysed in Ali18 mice reared under germ-free conditions. RESULTS Bone marrow cells from Ali18 mice were able to transfer the disease phenotype to naïve wild-type recipients suggesting that cellular components of the reconstituted immune system were sufficient to induce arthritis. Ali18 mice revealed abnormal leucocyte populations including lymphocytes and granulocytes, as well as increased plasma IL-5 and IgE levels. Ali18;Rag1 double homozygous mutants, which lack mature lymphocytes, still developed arthritis, suggesting that the phenotype is independent of the adaptive immune system. In addition, the arthritis phenotype appeared to be independent from environmental conditions as demonstrated in mice reared under germ-free conditions. CONCLUSIONS The Ali18 mutation induces inflammatory arthritis through bone marrow-derived cells. However, non-pro-inflammatory cytokine cascades and mature lymphocyte independent-mechanisms are crucial for initiation and progression of the phenotype. Ali18 mice may thus represent a model to study mechanisms involved in seronegative arthritis induced by cells of the innate immune system.
Collapse
|
67
|
Apfelbacher CJ, Cairns J, Bruckner T, Möhrenschlager M, Behrendt H, Ring J, Krämer U. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in East and West German children in the decade after reunification: population-based series of cross-sectional studies. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008; 62:125-30. [PMID: 18192600 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2007.062117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse time trends in overweight and obesity from 1991 to 2000 in samples of German children and to test the hypothesis of a trend difference between the samples from East and West Germany during this time period. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional studies using data of 35,434 five to seven-year-old children from school entry examinations in several rural and urban areas in East and West Germany (between 1991 and 2000). The main outcome measures were overweight and obesity. Weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated. International cut-off points were used to classify overweight and obesity. RESULTS From 1991 to 2000, the prevalence of overweight increased from 10.0% to 17.5% in the East and from 14.8% to 22.2% in the West. The prevalence of obesity increased from 2.1% to 5.7% in the East and from 3.6% to 7.6% in the West. All increases were significant. There was no evidence of a trend difference between the East and the West German samples. CONCLUSIONS Unlike in other countries in transition, prevalences of childhood overweight and obesity were increasing in samples of East German children after reunification in 1990, possibly as a result of the rapid adoption of a western lifestyle in the East. Although prevalences were generally higher in the West German samples, there was no evidence that the increase was levelling off in the West. Overall, trends were similar in the East and West German samples.
Collapse
|
68
|
Brockow K, Jofer C, Behrendt H, Ring J. Anaphylaxis in patients with mastocytosis: a study on history, clinical features and risk factors in 120 patients. Allergy 2008; 63:226-32. [PMID: 18186813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive mast cell mediator release may lead to anaphylaxis in patients with mastocytosis. However, the incidence, clinical features and trigger factors have not yet been analyzed. METHODS To identify risk factors for anaphylaxis in mastocytosis, we determined cumulative incidence, severity, clinical characteristics, and trigger factors for anaphylaxis in 120 consecutive patients (53 male; 67 female, median age and range 24 years, 1 month to 73 years), and correlated these with disease severity of mastocytosis, skin involvement, basal total serum tryptase, and diaminooxidase concentrations. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of anaphylaxis in patients with mastocytosis was higher in adults (49%; P < 0.01) compared with that in children (9%). Only children with extensive skin involvement had experienced anaphylaxis. In adults, anaphylaxis was correlated to the absence of urticaria pigmentosa lesions (P < 0.03). Reactions occurred more frequently in adults with systemic (56%) when compared with cutaneous mastocytosis (13%; P < 0.02). In adults, 48% of reactions were severe, and 38% resulted in unconsciousness. Major perceived trigger factors for adults were hymenoptera stings (19%), foods (16%), and medication (9%); however, in 26% of reactions, only a combination of different triggers preceded anaphylaxis. Trigger factors remained unidentified in 67% of reactions in children compared with 13% in adults. Patients with anaphylaxis had higher basal tryptase values (60.2 +/- 55 ng/ml, P < 0.0001) in comparison with those without (21.2 +/- 33 ng/ml), but not diaminooxidase levels. CONCLUSION Adult patients and children with extensive skin disease with mastocytosis have an increased risk to develop severe anaphylaxis; thus, an emergency set of medication including epinephrine is recommended.
Collapse
|
69
|
Chen CM, Morgenstern V, Bischof W, Herbarth O, Borte M, Behrendt H, Kramer U, von Berg A, Berdel D, Bauer CP, Koletzko S, Wichmann HE, Heinrich J. Dog ownership and contact during childhood and later allergy development. Eur Respir J 2008; 31:963-73. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00092807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
70
|
Huss-Marp J, Brockow K, Darsow U, Pfab F, Krämer U, Ring J, Behrendt H. Exposure of grass pollen to volatile organic compounds enhances skin prick test reactivity. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2008; 18:408-409. [PMID: 18973109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
|
71
|
Pfab F, Behrendt H, Darsow U, Ring J. Akupunktur in der Dermatologie – Stand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. DEUTSCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR AKUPUNKTUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dza.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
72
|
Eberlein B, Gulyas AF, Schultz K, Lecheler J, Flögel S, Wolfmeyer C, Thiessen K, Jakob T, Schuster T, Hollweck R, Ring J, Behrendt H. Domestic allergens and endotoxin in three hospitals offering in-patient rehabilitation for allergic diseases in the alpine mountain climate of Bavaria - The AURA study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2007; 212:21-6. [PMID: 18155959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxins and allergens represent the major relevant contents of the atmospheric bioaerosol with regard to the triggering and exacerbation of allergic diseases. In this study, mattress concentrations of endotoxin and indoor allergens were measured in three hospitals in the alpine climate of Bavaria and in adjacent homes. Dust was collected from each of 10 mattresses according to a standardized protocol, and endotoxin was analyzed with the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test, indoor allergens Der p 1, Der f 1 and Fel d 1 were analyzed by ELISAs. The concentration of endotoxin in the mattresses did not differ significantly between different cities. The percentiles of endotoxin were significantly higher in hospitals than in homes. The concentrations of mite allergens (Der p 1 and Der f 1) in the dust were significantly lower in all hospitals than in homes. There was no significant difference of mite allergens between different time points. The concentrations of Fel d 1 were significantly higher in the autumn than in the summer (median: 1376 vs. 478ng/g). No significant differences of Fel d 1 were found between hospitals and homes or between different hospitals. As Fel d 1 concentrations reached levels at which cat allergic patients can experience symptoms, efforts had to be made to reduce the concentrations of Fel d 1 especially in hospitals. In contrast, mite allergens were low in hospitals, which can be clinically beneficial for patients with mite allergies.
Collapse
|
73
|
Daegelmann C, Herberth G, Röder S, Herbarth O, Giese T, Krämer U, Behrendt H, Borte M, Heinrich J, Emmrich F, Lehmann I. Association between suppressors of cytokine signalling, T-helper type 1/T-helper type 2 balance and allergic sensitization in children. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 38:438-48. [PMID: 18167120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family members have been shown to play an important role in the balance of cytokines that determine the onset of T-helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-mediated immune responses. In particular, for cytokine-induced Src-homology 2 protein (CIS), SOCS1, SOCS3 and SOCS5, a role in the regulation of T cell differentiation has been discussed. However, only few data exist so far in the human system. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between these suppressors and Th1/Th2 regulation as well as allergic sensitizations within a population-based study. METHODS Within the Lifestyle-Immune system-Allergy plus cohort study, mRNA was prepared from blood samples of 6-year-old children for the analysis of cytokines, transcription factors for T cell regulation and SOCS molecule expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, total and specific IgE concentrations have been measured by the Pharmacia CAP System. A complete data set from 248 children was available. Results Among the SOCS molecules investigated, only SOCS1 showed a strong positive correlation to allergic sensitizations. In addition, an up-regulated SOCS1 expression correlated with down-regulated T-box expressed in T cells (Tbet) and higher expression levels of GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and IL-4. No association between SOCS1 and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) was observed. For SOCS3, SOCS5 and CIS, a contradictory picture was found. The expression of these SOCS molecules was positively correlated with Tbet and FOXP3 and (with the exception of CIS) negatively with IL-4. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that SOCS3, SOCS5 and CIS, which correlate with an up-regulated Th1 and regulatory T cell activity, are without relevance for the allergic status. In contrast, SOCS1 might be involved in the development of a Th2-skewed immune response and subsequent allergic sensitizations.
Collapse
|
74
|
D'Amato G, Cecchi L, Bonini S, Nunes C, Annesi-Maesano I, Behrendt H, Liccardi G, Popov T, van Cauwenberge P. Allergenic pollen and pollen allergy in Europe. Allergy 2007; 62:976-90. [PMID: 17521313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The allergenic content of the atmosphere varies according to climate, geography and vegetation. Data on the presence and prevalence of allergenic airborne pollens, obtained from both aerobiological studies and allergological investigations, make it possible to design pollen calendars with the approximate flowering period of the plants in the sampling area. In this way, even though pollen production and dispersal from year to year depend on the patterns of preseason weather and on the conditions prevailing at the time of anthesis, it is usually possible to forecast the chances of encountering high atmospheric allergenic pollen concentrations in different areas. Aerobiological and allergological studies show that the pollen map of Europe is changing also as a result of cultural factors (for example, importation of plants such as birch and cypress for urban parklands), greater international travel (e.g. colonization by ragweed in France, northern Italy, Austria, Hungary etc.) and climate change. In this regard, the higher frequency of weather extremes, like thunderstorms, and increasing episodes of long range transport of allergenic pollen represent new challenges for researchers. Furthermore, in the last few years, experimental data on pollen and subpollen-particles structure, the pathogenetic role of pollen and the interaction between pollen and air pollutants, gave new insights into the mechanisms of respiratory allergic diseases.
Collapse
|
75
|
Novak N, Yu CF, Bussmann C, Maintz L, Peng WM, Hart J, Hagemann T, Diaz-Lacava A, Baurecht HJ, Klopp N, Wagenpfeil S, Behrendt H, Bieber T, Ring J, Illig T, Weidinger S. Putative association of a TLR9 promoter polymorphism with atopic eczema. Allergy 2007; 62:766-72. [PMID: 17573724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a pivotal role in the induction of first-line defense mechanisms of the innate immune system and trigger adaptive immune responses to microbial pathogens. Genetic variations in innate immunity genes have been reported to be associated with a range of inflammatory disorders. Deficiencies on the level of immunity receptors such as pathogen-recognition receptors are suspected to affect the maturation of our immune system and to avail thereby the high prevalence of atopic diseases and susceptibility of atopic patients to microbial infections. AIMS OF THE STUDY We evaluated TLR9 as susceptibility gene for atopic eczema (AE). METHODS Analyses of four tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms in two panels of families containing a total of 483 parent-affected offspring trios as well as a cohort of 274 unrelated adult AE cases and 252 hypernormal population-based controls have been performed. RESULTS In both family cohorts, polymorphism C-1237T, which is located within the promoter region of the TLR9 gene, was significantly associated with AE, in particular the intrinsic subtype of AE. No associations were seen in the case-control cohort. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed significantly higher promoter activity of the TT allelic variant at this single nucleotide polymorphism site. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that the TLR9 promoter polymorphism C-1237T might affect AE susceptibility in particular in patients with the intrinsic variant of AE.
Collapse
|