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Prasad SS, Joshi DR, Kim I. BF3·OEt2-catalyzed one-pot three-component access to diarylmethylazides. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Park HS, Kang B, Chon HJ, Im HS, Lee CK, Kim I, Kang MJ, Hwang JE, Bae WK, Cheon J, Park JO, Hong JY, Kang JH, Kim JH, Lim SH, Kim JW, Kim JW, Yoo C, Choi HJ. Liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin versus FOLFIRINOX as the second-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: a multicenter retrospective study of the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG). ESMO Open 2021; 6:100049. [PMID: 33578192 PMCID: PMC7878976 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no clear consensus on the recommended second-line treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who have disease progression following gemcitabine-based therapy. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus fluorouracil/leucovorin (FL) and FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) in patients who had failed on the first-line gemcitabine-based therapy. Patients and methods From January 2015 to August 2019, 378 patients with MPC who had received nal-IRI/FL (n = 104) or FOLFIRINOX (n = 274) as second-line treatment across 11 institutions were included in this retrospective study. Results There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups, except age and first-line regimens. With a median follow-up of 6 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months with nal-IRI/FL versus 4.6 months with FOLFIRINOX (P = 0.44). Median overall survival (OS) was 7.7 months with nal-IRI/FL versus 9.7 months with FOLFRINOX (P = 0.13). There was no significant difference in PFS and OS between the two regimens in the univariate and multivariate analyses. The subgroup analysis revealed that younger age (<70 years) was associated with better OS with FOLFIRINOX. In contrast, older age (≥70 years) was associated with better survival outcomes with nal-IRI/FL. Adverse events were manageable with both regimens; however, the incidence of grade 3 or higher neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy was higher in patients treated with FOLFIRINOX than with nal-IRI/FL. Conclusions Second-line nal-IRI/FL and FOLFIRINOX showed similar effectiveness outcomes after progression following first-line gemcitabine-based therapy. Age could be the determining factor for choosing the appropriate second-line therapy. This multicenter retrospective study investigated nal-IRI/FL and FOLFIRINOX outcomes after gemcitabine-based therapy. We found no significant differences in outcome between nal-IRI/FL and FOLFIRINOX treatment. Both regimens were well tolerated; however, neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy were more frequent with FOLFIRINOX. Age (cut-off, 70 years) showed differential efficacy between chemotherapy regimens.
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Kim D, Bae GH, Kim HY, Jeon H, Kim K, Shin J, Lee S, Hong S, Kim I, Kim Y. Orally Administered Benzofuran Derivative Disaggregated Aβ Plaques and Oligomers in the Brain of 5XFAD Alzheimer Transgenic Mouse. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:99-108. [PMID: 33332107 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregated forms are highly associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ abnormally accumulates in the brain and induces neuronal damages and symptoms of AD such as cognitive impairment and memory loss. Since an antibody drug, aducanumab, reduces Aβ aggregates and delays clinical decline, clearance of accumulated Aβ in the brain is accounted as a therapeutic approach to treat AD. In this study, we synthesized 17 benzofuran derivatives that may disaggregate Aβ oligomers and plaques into inert monomers. By a series of Aβ aggregation inhibition and aggregates' disaggregation assays utilizing thioflavin T assays and gel electrophoresis, YB-9, 2-((5-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran-6-yl)oxy)acetic acid, was selected as the final Aβ-disaggregator candidate. When it was orally administered to the 8-month-old male transgenic mouse model with five familial AD mutations (5XFAD) via drinking water daily for two months, Aβ oligomers and plaques in hippocampus were reduced. Consequently, decreased astrogliosis and rescued synaptic dysfunction were observed in the hippocampus of YB-9-treated 5XFAD mice compared with the untreated transgenic control group.
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Park J, Lee JH, Lim B, Lee NK, Sim G, Ryu S, Kim I, Hwang H, Lee J. Fine Tuning of the HOMO–LUMO Gap of 6‐(Thiophen‐2‐yl) indolizino[3,2‐
c
]quinolines and their Self‐Assembly to Form Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles: Rational Design and Theoretical Calculations. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yoon SH, Kim SJ, Kim I. Correction to "One-Pot Four-Component Coupling Approach to Polyheterocycles: 6 H-Furo[3,2- f]pyrrolo[1,2- d][1,4]diazepine. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1310. [PMID: 33353298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim I, Kim SJ, Lee S. Regioselective Functionalization of N-Fused Heteroaromatics via FeCl3-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition to Activated N-Heterocycles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBroadening of nitrogen-fused heteroaromatic chemical space such as indolizine and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine was achieved via FeCl3-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of these N-fused aromatic compounds to a wide range of azolinium systems generated in situ, leading to novel N-fused heteroaromatic scaffolds with dearomatized N-heterocyclic substituents regioselectively. Nucleophilic addition of indolizines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines mainly occurred at the C1 position of the isoquinoliniums and at the C4 site of the quinoliniums.
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Prasad SS, Joshi DR, Kim I. Facile Access to 3,4-Disubstituted 2H-Chromenes via Domino [4+2] Annulation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA highly efficient synthetic route to polysubstituted 2H-chromenes was developed utilizing a domino O-alkylation/intramolecular Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) olefination of diarylmethylphosphonates, which were readily accessed via Lewis acid mediated one-pot three-component coupling of aldehydes, phenols, and triethyl phosphite.
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Yoon SH, Kim SJ, Kim I. One-Pot Four-Component Coupling Approach to Polyheterocycles: 6H-Furo[3,2-f]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]diazepine. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15082-15091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Prasad SS, Joshi DR, Lee JH, Kim I. One-pot access to 2-amino-3-arylbenzofurans: direct entry to polyheterocyclic chemical space. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8119-8140. [PMID: 33016294 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a means to make new benzofuran-embedded polycyclic structures, we established two efficient one-pot sequential coupling routes to 2-amino-3-arylbenzofurans and 2-amino-3-arylnaphtho[2,1-b]furans. Further ring formation (six- and seven-membered rings) with the resulting amine moiety at the C2 position of benzofurans was realized, leading to further expansion of benzofuran-based chemical space.
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Joshi DR, Seo Y, Heo Y, Park SH, Lee Y, Namkung W, Kim I. Domino [4 + 2] Annulation Access to Quinone-Indolizine Hybrids: Anticancer N-Fused Polycycles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10994-11005. [PMID: 32674567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthetic route to new quinone-indolizine hybrids was accomplished from quinones and N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes via a domino Michael addition-aldol condensation-aromatization sequence through which the central pyridine ring was constructed in atom-economical and environment-friendly manner. Post modification of the resulting products was also demonstrated, enabling further expansion of this heterocyclic chemical space. Biological evaluation of the quinone-indolizine hybrids revealed potent anticancer effects in human prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PC-3) and oral adenosquamous carcinoma cells (CAL-27).
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Kim J, Cha H, Park M, Singh DK, Bae GH, Kim SH, Kim I. Expanding the chemical space: Discovery of new anticancer
3‐arylbenzofuran
derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Seo HS, Jeong EK, Choi S, Kwon Y, Park HJ, Kim I. Changes of Neurotransmitters in Youth with Internet and Smartphone Addiction: A Comparison with Healthy Controls and Changes after Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1293-1301. [PMID: 32616578 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neurotransmitter changes in youth addicted to the Internet and smartphone were compared with normal controls and in subjects after cognitive behavioral therapy. In addition, the correlations between neurotransmitters and affective factors were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen young people with Internet and smartphone addiction and 19 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (male/female ratio, 9:10; mean age, 15.47 ± 3.06 years) were included. Twelve teenagers with Internet and smartphone addiction (male/female ratio, 8:4; mean age, 14.99 ± 1.95 years) participated in 9 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy. Meshcher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy was used to measure γ-aminobutyric acid and Glx levels in the anterior cingulate cortex. The γ-aminobutyric acid and Glx levels in the addicted group were compared with those in controls and after cognitive behavioral therapy. The γ-aminobutyric acid and Glx levels correlated with clinical scales of Internet and smartphone addiction, impulsiveness, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and sleep quality. RESULTS Brain parenchymal and gray matter volume-adjusted γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine ratios were higher in subjects with Internet and smartphone addiction (P = .028 and .016). After therapy, brain parenchymal- and gray matter volume-adjusted γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine ratios were decreased (P = .034 and .026). The Glx level was not statistically significant in subjects with Internet and smartphone addiction compared with controls and posttherapy status. Brain parenchymal- and gray matter volume-adjusted γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine ratios correlated with clinical scales of Internet and smartphone addictions, depression, and anxiety. Glx/Cr was negatively correlated with insomnia and sleep quality scales. CONCLUSIONS The high γ-aminobutyric acid levels and disrupted balance of γ-aminobutyric acid-to-Glx including glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex may contribute to understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of Internet and smartphone addiction and associated comorbidities.
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Wolf JR, Xie Y, Kim I, Pentland A, Pentland B. 472 Visit complexity reflects billed level of service and documentation burden. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Singh DK, Kim S, Lee JH, Lee NK, Kim J, Lee J, Kim I. 6‐(Hetero)arylindolizino[1,2‐
c
]quinolines as highly fluorescent chemical space: Synthesis and photophysical properties. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim I, Dagar A, Joshi DR. Solvent-Controlled Divergent Syntheses of Polycyclic N-Fused Heteroaromatics. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to a growing interest in aza-fused polyaromatic systems among various sciences, enormous attention has been continuously paid to design and synthesize novel chemotypes of N-fused heterocycles. During the course of continued efforts in this line, it was found that divergent access to new polycyclic N-fused heteroaromatics was enabled by choice of reaction solvent. Described herein are solvent-controlled selective approaches to three novel N-fused azacycles, benzo-[d]imidazole-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine hybrids, under mild conditions. The plausible reaction mechanism for each class of compound is suggested as well.
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Seo Y, Choi J, Lee JH, Kim TG, Park SH, Han G, Namkung W, Kim I. Diversity-oriented generation and biological evaluation of new chemical scaffolds bearing a 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene unit: Discovery of novel potent ANO1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104000. [PMID: 32592976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical territory bearing a 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene motif was expanded by utilizing an o-hydroxy aldehyde group of 5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene-6-carbaldehyde as a synthetic handle to install distinctive morphology and functionality of each scaffold. Cell based assays and in silico docking analysis led us to discover that these new compounds exhibit inhibitory effect on anoctamin1 (ANO1). ANO1 is amplified and highly expressed in various carcinomas including prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Biological assays revealed that (E)-1-(7,7-dimethyl-7H-furo[2,3-f]chromen-2-yl)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (3n, Ani-FCC) is a novel, potent and selective ANO1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.23 μM. 3n showed 144 times stronger activity on ANO1 inhibition than ANO2 inhibition and did not alter the chloride channel activity of CFTR and the intracellular calcium signaling. Notably, 3n strongly decreased cell viability of PC-3 and FaDu cells expressing high levels of ANO1 with a decrease in ANO1 protein levels. In addition, 3n significantly enhanced apoptosis via activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of PARP in PC-3 and FaDu cells. This study shows that a novel ANO1 inhibitor, 3n, can be a potential candidate for the treatment of cancers overexpressing ANO1, such as prostate cancer and esophageal cancer.
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Kim JH, Kim I, Kang CK, Jun KI, Yoo SH, Chun JY, Jung J, Kim YJ, Kim DY, Jo HB, Kim DY, Koh Y, Shin DY, Hong J, Kim NJ, Yoon SS, Kim TS, Park WB, Oh MD. Enhanced antimicrobial stewardship based on rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancies: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:69-75. [PMID: 32272171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) based on microscopic imaging analysis has been developed. The aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP) based on rapid phenotypic AST can increase the proportion of patients with haematological malignancies who receive optimal targeted antibiotics during early periods of bacteraemia. METHODS This randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with haematological malignancies and at least one positive blood culture. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to conventional (n = 60) or rapid phenotypic (n = 56) AST. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving optimal targeted antibiotics 72 hr after blood collection for culture. RESULTS The percentage receiving optimal targeted antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly higher in the rapid phenotypic AST group (45/56, 80.4%) than in conventional AST group (34/60, 56.7%) (relative risk (RR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.83). The percentage receiving unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics at 72 hr was significantly lower (7/26, 12.5% vs 18/60, 30.0%; RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.92) and the mean time to optimal targeted antibiotic treatment was significantly shorter (38.1, standard deviation (SD) 38.2 vs 72.8, SD 93.0 hr; p < 0.001) in the rapid phenotypic AST group. The mean time from blood collection to the AST result was significantly shorter in the rapid phenotypic AST group (48.3, SD 17.6 vs 83.1, SD 22.2 hr). DISCUSSION ASP based on rapid phenotypic AST can rapidly optimize antibiotic treatment for bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy. Rapid phenotypic AST can improve antimicrobial stewardship in immunocompromised patients.
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Kim I, Rossano J, Kim H, Kim J, Kwon A, Cherikh W, Vece G, Stehlik J, Youn J. Predictors and Clinical Outcomes of Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Kim I, Wu G, Chai N, Jordan S, Klein A. Five Treatment Strategies to Suppress Donor Specific Antibodies: Highlights from a Decade of Research Experience in a Mouse Model of Allo-Sensitization. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tetsuno K, Ajimura S, Akutagawa K, Batpurev T, Chan WM, Fushimi K, Hazama R, Iida T, Ikeyama Y, Khai BT, Kishimoto T, Lee KK, Li X, Matsuoka K, Matsuoka K, Mizukoshi K, Mori Y, Nakajima K, Noithong P, Nomachi M, Ogawa I, Ohsumi H, Ozawa K, Shimizu K, Shokati M, Soberi F, Suzuki K, Takemoto Y, Takihira Y, Tamagawa Y, Tozawa M, Trang VTT, Umehara S, Yamamoto K, Yoshida S, Kim I, Kwon DH, Kim HL, Lee HJ, Lee MK, Kim YH. Status of 48Ca double beta decay search and its future prospect in CANDLES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1468/1/012132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dagar A, Kim I. Expansion of diazepine heterocyclic chemical space via sequential Knoevenagel condensation-intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction: 2-acyl-4-aryl-5 H-pyrrolo[1,2- d][1,4]diazepines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9836-9851. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strategic combination of Knoevenagel condensation and intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction enabled facile access to pyrrole-fused 1,4-diazepines in excellent yields under mild conditions.
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Bae GH, Kim S, Lee NK, Dagar A, Lee JH, Lee J, Kim I. Facile approach to benzo[d]imidazole-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine hybrid structures through double cyclodehydration and aromatization and their unique optical properties with blue emission. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7265-7288. [PMID: 35493917 PMCID: PMC9049792 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A modular approach to polycyclic N-fused heteroaromatics is described. Acid-catalyzed reactions of various 1-(2-oxo-2-arylethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehydes with several o-phenylenediamines provided facile access to a number of new benzo[d]imidazole-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine hybrid structures through double cyclodehydration and aromatization. Optical characterization of the synthesized compounds revealed unique emission properties, with deep blue emission in the aggregated and solid states, and a dramatic substituent effect was observed. Fusion of an additional benzene ring into the benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,1-c]pyrazine scaffold resulted in a remarkable increase in the intensity of blue fluorescence from the solution along with good cell permeability and negligible phototoxicity, indicating the potential for bioimaging applications. A modular approach to polycyclic N-fused heteroaromatics is described.![]()
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Seo Y, Lee JH, Park SH, Namkung W, Kim I. Expansion of chemical space based on a pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine core: Synthesis and its anticancer activity in prostate cancer and breast cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:111988. [PMID: 31901746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In connection with our continued research to generate new aza-fused heteroaromatic chemical scaffolds, we developed a highly atom-economical three-component route to novel 3,4-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine ring skeleton multi-functionalized on the pyrazine unit. This [4+1+1] annulation approach led us to gain access to a new N-fused bicyclic chemical space having two distinctive functional groups (heteroaryl and aroyl) in a trans manner. Investigation of anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds and their derivatives revealed that (3R*,4S*)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-3,4-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-ium bromide (3h) has potent anticancer activity. 3h significantly inhibited cell viability in prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with IC50 value of 1.18 ± 0.05 μM and 1.95 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. In addition, 3h strongly reduced cell migration in a dose dependent manner, and induced apoptosis via caspase-3 activation and cleavage of PARP in PC-3 and MCF-7 cells. Our results in this study imply that 3h can be a potential anticancer agent against prostate cancer and breast cancer.
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Khang YH, Lim D, Bahk J, Kim I, Kang HY, Chang Y, Jung-Choi K. Comparison of the difference between income quintiles with the slope index of inequality. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The difference between income quintiles in health is relatively well accepted by the general public as a measure of health inequality. However, the slope index of inequality (SII) in health reflects the patterns of all social groups, including the middle 60%, and it could therefore be considered more academically desirable. If these two measures are closely correlated, the widespread use of the difference between income quintiles in health would be better supported. This study was conducted to compare differences between income quintiles in life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) with the SII.
Methods
Data on LE and HLE by income quintile from all 252 subnational districts of Korea were obtained using the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service and the Korea Community Health Survey. The SII was estimated with linear regression analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficients between differences between income quintiles and the SII were computed.
Results
The correlation coefficients between differences between income quintiles and the SII were generally high: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98) for LE in men and women combined and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97) for HLE in men and women combined. In most districts, the SII was greater than the difference between income quintiles.
Conclusions
Differences between income quintiles were closely correlated with the SII. The widespread use of differences between income quintiles in health as a measure of health inequality may be preferable for communicating results of health inequality measurements to the public.
Key messages
Differences in life expectancy and health life expectancy between income quintiles were closely correlated with the slope index of inequality in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. The widespread use of differences between income quintiles in health as a measure of health inequality may be preferable for communicating results of health inequality measurements to the public.
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Azimov A, Kim I. The better outcome by using antiviral drugs in stroke patients with diabetes mellitus and herpes infection. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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