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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barnes PD, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Betancourt M, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Coelho JAB, Coleman SJ, Cronin-Hennessy D, Culling AJ, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Godley A, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Howcroft C, Huang X, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Krahn Z, Kreymer A, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Para A, Patterson RB, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ryabov VA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Smart W, Smith C, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Toner R, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, West N, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Yang T, Zhang K, Zheng H, Zois M, Zwaska R. Search for muon-neutrino to electron-neutrino transitions in MINOS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:261802. [PMID: 20366304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.261802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on a search for nu(mu) --> nu(e) transitions by the MINOS experiment based on a 3.14x10(20) protons-on-target exposure in the Fermilab NuMI beam. We observe 35 events in the Far Detector with a background of 27+/-5(stat)+/-2(syst) events predicted by the measurements in the Near Detector. If interpreted in terms of nu(mu) --> nu(e) oscillations, this 1.5sigma excess of events is consistent with sin2(2theta(13)) comparable to the CHOOZ limit when |Delta m2|=2.43x10(-3) eV2 and sin2(2theta(23))=1.0 are assumed.
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Evans JJ, Klesius PH, Shoemaker CA. First isolation and characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from Brazilian Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2009; 32:943-951. [PMID: 19531061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcus garvieae infection in cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz), from Brazil is reported. The commercial bacterial identification system, Biolog Microlog, confirmed the identity of L. garvieae. Infectivity trials conducted in Nile tilapia using Brazilian Nile tilapia L. garvieae isolates resulted in a median lethal dose-50 of 1.4 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/fish. This is the first evidence of the presence of this pathogen from Brazilian fish. In addition, this is the first report of L. garvieae infection in either Nile tilapia or pintado. Collectively, this evidence expands the geographical range of fish hosts, number of fish hosts harbouring L. garvieae and carbon source utilization by L. garvieae fish isolates. Furthermore, the Biolog system may be an alternative technique to polymerase chain reaction for the identification of L. garvieae and discrimination between closely related bacterial species.
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Pijnenborg GHM, Withaar FK, Brouwer WH, Timmerman ME, van den Bosch RJ, Evans JJ. The efficacy of SMS text messages to compensate for the effects of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 49:259-74. [PMID: 19735607 DOI: 10.1348/014466509x467828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many people with schizophrenia have severe cognitive impairments that hamper their activities. The effect of pharmacological and behavioural interventions on cognitive functioning has been demonstrated, but even after successful intervention considerable impairments can remain. Therefore, we sought for alternative ways to help patients cope with the effects of their cognitive impairments. In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of short message service (SMS) text messages to compensate for the effects of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia in daily life. DESIGN A waiting list controlled trial was conducted: patients were quasi-randomly assigned to an A-B-A (baseline-intervention-follow-up) condition or an A-A-B-A condition that included an additional 7-week waiting list. The waiting list was included to control for the effect of time on relevant outcome. METHOD Sixty-two people with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders were included in the study. All patients showed impaired goal-directed behaviour in daily life-situations. Patients were prompted with SMS text messages to improve their everyday functioning. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of goals achieved. RESULTS The overall percentage of goals achieved increased with prompting, while performance dropped to baseline level after withdrawing the prompts. Keeping appointments with mental health workers and carrying out leisure activities increased with prompting, while medication adherence and attendance at training sessions remained unchanged. A majority of the patients enjoyed receiving the SMS text messages. DISCUSSION Prompting can significantly improve achievement of a number of relevant goals. For other goals, combining prompting with interventions that enhance motivation seems indicated.
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Hamilton F, Rochester L, Paul L, Rafferty D, O'Leary CP, Evans JJ. Walking and talking: an investigation of cognitive-motor dual tasking in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2009; 15:1215-27. [PMID: 19667011 DOI: 10.1177/1352458509106712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in motor functioning, including walking, and in cognitive functions, including attention, are known to be prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS), though little attention has been paid to how impairments in these areas of functioning interact. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of performing a concurrent cognitive task when walking in people with MS. Level of task demand was manipulated to investigate whether this affected level of dual-task decrement. METHOD Eighteen participants with MS and 18 healthy controls took part. Participants completed walking and cognitive tasks under single- and dual-task conditions. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, MS participants showed greater decrements in performance under dual-task conditions in cognitive task performance, walking speed and swing time variability. In the MS group, the degree of decrement under dual-task conditions was related to levels of fatigue, a measure of general cognitive functioning and self-reported everyday cognitive errors, but not to measures of disease severity or duration. CONCLUSIONS Difficulty with walking and talking in MS may be a result of a divided attention deficit or of overloading of the working memory system, and further investigation is needed. We suggest that difficulty with walking and talking in MS may lead to practical problems in everyday life, including potentially increasing the risk of falls. Clinical tools to assess cognitive-motor dual-tasking ability are needed.
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Evans JJ, Wilkinson A, Aickin DR, Legge M. Saliva oestradiol response to dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphated administration in placental sulphatase deficiency. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01443618309071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Baller B, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Buckley-Geer E, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Coleman SJ, Culling AJ, de Jong JK, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Dytman SA, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Harris EF, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Godley A, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grossman N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Hsu L, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Kim JJ, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kotelnikov SK, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Peck CW, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ryabov VA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Smart W, Smith C, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tavera MA, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Yang T, Zhang K, Zwaska R. Search for active neutrino disappearance using neutral-current interactions in the MINOS long-baseline experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:221804. [PMID: 19113477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.221804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first detailed comparisons of the rates and spectra of neutral-current neutrino interactions at two widely separated locations. A depletion in the rate at the far site would indicate mixing between nu(mu) and a sterile particle. No anomalous depletion in the reconstructed energy spectrum is observed. Assuming oscillations occur at a single mass-squared splitting, a fit to the neutral- and charged-current energy spectra limits the fraction of nu(mu) oscillating to a sterile neutrino to be below 0.68 at 90% confidence level. A less stringent limit due to a possible contribution to the measured neutral-current event rate at the far site from nu(e) appearance at the current experimental limit is also presented.
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Buckley-Geer E, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Coleman SJ, Culling AJ, de Jong JK, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Dytman SA, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk Harris E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grossman N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Kim JJ, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Peck CW, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Smart W, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tavera MA, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, Wojcicki SG, Yang T, Zois M, Zhang K, Zwaska R. Testing Lorentz invariance and CPT conservation with NuMI neutrinos in the MINOS near detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:151601. [PMID: 18999585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.151601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A search for a sidereal modulation in the MINOS near detector neutrino data was performed. If present, this signature could be a consequence of Lorentz and CPT violation as predicted by the effective field theory called the standard-model extension. No evidence for a sidereal signal in the data set was found, implying that there is no significant change in neutrino propagation that depends on the direction of the neutrino beam in a sun-centered inertial frame. Upper limits on the magnitudes of the Lorentz and CPT violating terms in the standard-model extension lie between 10(-4) and 10(-2) of the maximum expected, assuming a suppression of these signatures by a factor of 10(-17).
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barnes PD, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Buckley-Geer E, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Coleman SJ, Culling AJ, de Jong JK, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Dytman SA, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Harris EF, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Godley A, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grossman N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Kim JJ, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kotelnikov SK, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Merzon GI, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Peck CW, Peterson EA, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ruddick K, Ryabov VA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Seun SM, Shanahan P, Smart W, Smith C, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Symes P, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tavera MA, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Yang T, Zois M, Zhang K, Zwaska R. Measurement of neutrino oscillations with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:131802. [PMID: 18851439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports new results from the MINOS experiment based on a two-year exposure to muon neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. Our data are consistent with quantum-mechanical oscillations of neutrino flavor with mass splitting |Deltam2| = (2.43+/-0.13) x 10(-3) eV2 (68% C.L.) and mixing angle sin2(2theta) > 0.90 (90% C.L.). Our data disfavor two alternative explanations for the disappearance of neutrinos in flight: namely, neutrino decays into lighter particles and quantum decoherence of neutrinos, at the 3.7 and 5.7 standard-deviation levels, respectively.
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Fish J, Manly T, Emslie H, Evans JJ, Wilson BA. Compensatory strategies for acquired disorders of memory and planning: differential effects of a paging system for patients with brain injury of traumatic versus cerebrovascular aetiology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:930-5. [PMID: 18039889 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.125203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of paging systems in compensating for everyday memory and planning problems after brain injury, including in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Here, in addition to further analyses of the TBI data from a previous randomised control crossover trial, results are reported from a sub-group of 36 participants with brain injury from cerebrovascular accident (CVA). RESULTS Results indicate that, as with the TBI group, the pager was effective. However, the pattern of results following cessation of treatment differed. At a group level, TBI participants demonstrated maintenance of pager-related benefits, whereas CVA participants' performance returned to baseline levels. Comparisons of demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of the groups showed that the CVA group was older, had a shorter interval post-injury, and had poorer executive function than the TBI group. Furthermore, within the TBI group, maintenance was associated with executive functioning, such that executive dysfunction impeded maintenance. This correlation remained after controlling for demographic differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that executive dysfunction may affect treatment-for example, whether or not temporary use of the pager is sufficient to establish a subsequently self-sustaining routine.
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Wiedenmayer AA, Klesius PH, Evans JJ, Shoemaker CA. The macrophage chemotactic activity of Edwardsiella tarda extracellular products. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:331-342. [PMID: 18355182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The chemoattractant capabilities of Edwardsiella tarda extracellular products (ECP) were investigated from two isolates, the virulent FL6-60 parent and less virulent RET-04 mutant. Chemotaxis and chemokinesis were assayed in vitro using blind well chambers with peritoneal macrophages obtained from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, 5 days following squalene injection. Non-purified ECP derived from both isolates stimulated predominantly chemokinetic migration of macrophages. Additionally, the ECP were semi-purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. The FL6-60 parent ECP yielded higher molecular weight components than did the ECP from the RET-04 mutant. The chemotactic activity of the macrophages for both the FL6-60 parent and RET-04 mutant semi-purified ECP was increased over the non-purified ECP and overall migration was primarily chemotactic. Exposure to ECP derived from virulent and less virulent E. tarda isolates promoted chemokinetic movement of macrophages that may be involved in inflammatory responses of Nile tilapia to E. tarda infection.
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Butler TH, Evans JJ. A CASE OF SYMPATHETIC INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAOCULAR SARCOMA. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 11:230-3. [PMID: 18168627 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.11.5.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Evans JJ. CEREBRAL FAT EMBOLISM WITH RECOVERY: AND INVOLVEMENT OF THE CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 24:614-6. [PMID: 18169735 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.24.12.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Emslie H, Wilson BA, Quirk K, Evans JJ, Watson P. Using a paging system in the rehabilitation of encephalitic patients. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2007; 17:567-81. [PMID: 17676535 DOI: 10.1080/09602010701381933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Memory and executive problems following encephalitis are common yet there are few published papers on the successful rehabilitation of such patients. We recently demonstrated (Wilson, Emslie, Quirk, & Evans, 2001; Wilson, Emslie, Quirk, Evans, & Watson, 2005) that a paging system could reduce the everyday memory and planning problems for people with non-progressive brain injury. Among the 143 patients who participated in the 2001 study were four people who had survived encephalitis. Their results are reported here. During a 2-week baseline, the successful task achievement of our four clients ranged from 2-81%. They then received a pager for 7 weeks and task achievement was documented in weeks 6 and 7. All were significantly more successful with the pager than they had been at baseline with success rates ranging from 45-96%. Five weeks after returning their pagers they were monitored once more. One of the encephalitic patients failed to achieve any of his target tasks, returning to baseline level, the other three dropped back a little but were still significantly more successful than at baseline. It is concluded that the paging system can reduce everyday memory and planning problems of patients with encephalitis.
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Pijnenborg GHM, Withaar FK, Evans JJ, van den Bosch RJ, Brouwer WH. SMS text messages as a prosthetic aid in the cognitive rehabilitation of schizophrenia. Rehabil Psychol 2007. [DOI: 10.1037/0090-5550.52.2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Michael DG, Adamson P, Alexopoulos T, Allison WWM, Alner GJ, Anderson K, Andreopoulos C, Andrews M, Andrews R, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Arroyo C, Auty DJ, Avvakumov S, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barish B, Barker MA, Barnes PD, Barr G, Barrett WL, Beall E, Becker BR, Belias A, Bergfeld T, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bocean V, Bock B, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Border PM, Bower C, Boyd S, Buckley-Geer E, Bungau C, Byon-Wagner A, Cabrera A, Chapman JD, Chase TR, Cherdack D, Chernichenko SK, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Cossairt JD, Courant H, Crane DA, Culling AJ, Dawson JW, de Jong JK, DeMuth DM, De Santo A, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Drake G, Drakoulakos D, Ducar R, Durkin T, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Fackler OD, Falk Harris E, Feldman GJ, Felt N, Fields TH, Ford R, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gebhard M, Giurgiu GA, Godley A, Gogos J, Goodman MC, Gornushkin Y, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn E, Grossman N, Grudzinski JJ, Grzelak K, Guarino V, Habig A, Halsall R, Hanson J, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hartouni EP, Hatcher R, Heller K, Hill N, Ho Y, Holin A, Howcroft C, Hylen J, Ignatenko M, Indurthy D, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jenner L, Jensen D, Joffe-Minor T, Kafka T, Kang HJ, Kasahara SMS, Kilmer J, Kim H, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kostin M, Kotelnikov SK, Krakauer DA, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Ladran AS, Lang K, Laughton C, Lebedev A, Lee R, Lee WY, Libkind MA, Ling J, Liu J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Longley NP, Lucas P, Luebke W, Madani S, Maher E, Makeev V, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marino AD, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McDonald J, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Merzon GI, Messier MD, Milburn RH, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Miyagawa PS, Moore CD, Morfín J, Morse R, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Murtagh MJ, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson C, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nezrick F, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver J, Oliver WP, Onuchin VA, Osiecki T, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pearce GF, Pearson N, Peck CW, Perry C, Peterson EA, Petyt DA, Ping H, Piteira R, Pittam R, Pla-Dalmau A, Plunkett RK, Price LE, Proga M, Pushka DR, Rahman D, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Read AL, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Reyna DE, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ruddick K, Ryabov VA, Saakyan R, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schoessow PV, Schreiner P, Schwienhorst R, Semenov VK, Seun SM, Shanahan P, Shield PD, Smart W, Smirnitsky V, Smith C, Smith PN, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Stefanik A, Sullivan P, Swan JM, Symes PA, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Terekhov A, Tetteh-Lartey E, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trendler R, Trevor J, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vakili M, Vaziri K, Velissaris C, Verebryusov V, Viren B, Wai L, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, White RF, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Wu QK, Yan WG, Yang T, Yumiceva FX, Yun JC, Zheng H, Zois M, Zwaska R. Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:191801. [PMID: 17155614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. The rates and energy spectra of charged current nu(mu) interactions are compared in two detectors located along the beam axis at distances of 1 and 735 km. With 1.27 x 10(20) 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMI target, 215 events with energies below 30 GeV are observed at the Far Detector, compared to an expectation of 336+/-14 events. The data are consistent with nu(mu) disappearance via oscillations with |Delta(m)2/32|=2.74 +0.44/-0.26 x10(-3)eV(2) and sin(2)(2theta(23))>0.87 (68% C.L.).
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Muys JJ, Alkaisi MM, Evans JJ. Bioimprint: Nanoscale Analysis by Replication of Cellular Topography Using Soft Lithography. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2006.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Muys JJ, Alkaisi MM, Melville DOS, Nagase J, Sykes P, Parguez GM, Evans JJ. Cellular transfer and AFM imaging of cancer cells using Bioimprint. J Nanobiotechnology 2006; 4:1. [PMID: 16426461 PMCID: PMC1395325 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A technique for permanently capturing a replica impression of biological cells has been developed to facilitate analysis using nanometer resolution imaging tools, namely the atomic force microscope (AFM). The method, termed Bioimprint™, creates a permanent cell 'footprint' in a non-biohazardous Poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymer composite. The transfer of nanometer scale biological information is presented as an alternative imaging technique at a resolution beyond that of optical microscopy. By transferring cell topology into a rigid medium more suited for AFM imaging, many of the limitations associated with scanning of biological specimens can be overcome. Potential for this technique is demonstrated by analyzing Bioimprint™ replicas created from human endometrial cancer cells. The high resolution transfer of this process is further detailed by imaging membrane morphological structures consistent with exocytosis. The integration of soft lithography to replicate biological materials presents an enhanced method for the study of biological systems at the nanoscale.
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Hewitt J, Evans JJ, Dritschel B. Theory driven rehabilitation of executive functioning: Improving planning skills in people with traumatic brain injury through the use of an autobiographical episodic memory cueing procedure. Neuropsychologia 2006; 44:1468-74. [PMID: 16384587 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently leads to the development of a 'dysexecutive syndrome'. The associated difficulties with problem solving (including specific impairments in planning, initiation/plan-implementation and self-monitoring) represent a major challenge to functional recovery and adaptation following brain injury and serve as an important target for rehabilitation. Previous research suggests that one reason people with TBI are poor at everyday planning is that they fail to spontaneously use specific autobiographical memories to support planning in unstructured situations. In this study, we examined whether a self-instructional technique involving self-cueing to recall specific autobiographical experiences would improve performance on a planning task. Two groups of 15 participants who had suffered a closed traumatic brain injury carried out the Everyday Descriptions Task (Dritschel, B. (1991). The role of autobiographical memory in describing how to perform everyday activities. In Paper presented at the European Cognitive Society Conference.), in which they were asked to describe how they would plan eight common unstructured activities, i.e. activities that could be solved in a variety of ways. Group 1 was then asked to describe how to plan a second set of eight unstructured activities. Prior to completing their second set of eight activities, Group 2 underwent training in a procedure aimed at prompting the retrieval of specific memories to support planning. The results suggested that the intervention was effective at increasing the number of specific memories recalled, with a corresponding increase in the effectiveness of the plan and number of relevant steps in the plan. Potential applications of the technique are discussed.
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Pasnik DJ, Evans JJ, Panangala VS, Klesius PH, Shelby RA, Shoemaker CA. Antigenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae extracellular products and vaccine efficacy. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2005; 28:205-212. [PMID: 15813862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is a major bacterial pathogen that is the cause of serious economic losses in many species of freshwater, marine and estuarine fish worldwide. A highly efficacious S. agalactiae vaccine was developed using extracellular products (ECP) and formalin-killed whole cells of S. agalactiae. The vaccine efficacy following storage of S. agalactiae ECP and formalin-killed S. agalactiae cells at 4 degrees C for 1 year was determined. The stored ECP containing S. agalactiae formalin-killed cells failed to prevent morbidity and mortality among the vaccinated fish, and the relative percentage survival was 29. Serum antibody responses of the stored ECP and freshly prepared ECP against soluble whole cell extract of S. agalactiae indicated that significantly less antibody was produced in fish immunized with stored ECP and S. agalactiae cells than in those fish immunized with freshly prepared ECP and S. agalactiae cells at day 31 post-vaccination. Silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels and immunostaining of Western blots with tilapia antiserum to S. agalactiae revealed that predominant 54 and 55 kDa bands were present in the freshly prepared ECP fraction. The 55 kDa band was absent from the stored ECP and new bands below 54 kDa appeared on the Western blot. The results of this study on S. agalactiae ECP provide evidence for a correlation between protection and antibody production to ECP and for the importance of the 55 kDa ECP antigen for vaccine efficacy.
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Arias CR, Shoemaker CA, Evans JJ, Klesius PH. A comparative study of Edwardsiella ictaluri parent (EILO) and E. ictaluri rifampicin-mutant (RE-33) isolates using lipopolysaccharides, outer membrane proteins, fatty acids, Biolog, API 20E and genomic analyses. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2003; 26:415-421. [PMID: 12946011 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biological properties of Edwardsiella ictaluri RE-33 rifampicin-mutant and its parent strain EILO were analysed. RE-33 is an avirulent isolate used as a modified live vaccine against enteric septicaemia of catfish. Electrophoretic analysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) patterns showed high homology between both isolates. Further characterization of LPS by immunoblotting revealed the main differences in LPS composition. The RE-33 isolate lacks the high molecular weight bands of LPS (HMW-LPS). Outer membrane protein analysis also showed some immunological differences between RE-33 and the EILO parent strain. Only two fingerprinting techniques, fatty acid composition analysis and Biolog phenotypic profiles, were able to discriminate between both isolates.
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Evans JJ, Reid RA, Wakeman SA, Croft LB, Benny PS. Evidence that oxytocin is a physiological component of LH regulation in non-pregnant women. Hum Reprod 2003; 18:1428-31. [PMID: 12832367 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deg291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of the LH surge is central to the functioning of the female ovulatory cycle. In animal models, oxytocin has been shown to alter LH activity. Oxytocin advanced the LH surge and, conversely, oxytocin receptor antagonists inhibited full production of the LH surge in rats. Few data exist on the possibility that oxytocin modulates LH in women. METHODS Ten non-pregnant women participated in this study over two menstrual cycles. One cycle was a control cycle, and the other a trial cycle; the two were separated by at least one cycle. When the diameter of an ovarian follicle was >15 mm, a subject was allocated at random into either a control or treatment group. In a control cycle, volunteers received normal saline; in a treatment cycle, volunteers received an oxytocin antagonist (atosiban). RESULTS For treatment cycles, the maximum LH concentration was significantly less than that in control cycles (42.1 +/- 6.2 versus 60.3 +/- 8.3 IU/l respectively; P < 0.05). Maximum FSH and estradiol concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that inhibition of endogenous oxytocin affects the endocrinology of the ovulatory cycle in women, and strongly suggest that oxytocin has a role in the physiological processes of LH regulation.
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Reimschuessel R, Gieseker CM, Driscoll C, Baya A, Kane AS, Blazer VS, Evans JJ, Kent ML, Moran JDW, Poynton SL. Myxosporean plasmodial infection associated with ulcerative lesions in young-of-the-year Atlantic menhaden in a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and possible links to Kudoa clupeidae. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2003; 53:143-166. [PMID: 12650247 DOI: 10.3354/dao053143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ulcers in Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) (Clupeidae), observed along the USA east coast, have been attributed to diverse etiologies including bacterial, fungal and, recently, harmful algal blooms. To understand the early pathogenesis of these lesions, we examined juvenile Atlantic menhaden collected during their seasonal presence in Chesapeake Bay tributaries from April to October 1999 and from March to August 2000. We conducted histopathological examinations of young-of-the-year fish from the Pocomoke River tributary, which has a history of fish mortalities and high lesion prevalence. Kudoa clupeidae (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) spores were present in the muscles of fish collected in both years. Of the fish assessed by histology in April, 5 to 14% were infected, while in May 90 to 96% were infected. Infection rates remained high during the summer. Mature spores were primarily located within myomeres and caused little or no observable pathological changes. Ultrastructure showed spores with capsulogenic cells bearing filamentous projections, and a basal crescentic nucleus with mottled nucleoplasm containing cleaved, condensed chromatin. Also, a highly invasive plasmodial stage of a myxozoan was found in the lesions of juvenile Atlantic menhaden. The plasmodia were observed in fish collected between May and July, with the maximum occurrence in late June 1999 and late May 2000. Plasmodia penetrated and surrounded muscle bundles, causing grossly observable raised lesions in 73% of all fish infected with this invasive stage. Plasmodia were also detected in the visceral organs, branchial arches, and interocular muscles of some fish. Some of the invasive extrasporogonic plasmodial lesions were associated with ulcers and chronic inflammatory infiltrates. The plasmodial stage appeared to slough out of the tissue with subsequent evidence of wound healing. Ultrastructure showed plasmodia with an elaborate irregular surface, divided into distinct ectoplasm and endoplasm; the latter contained numerous spherical vegetative nuclei, secondary generative cells, and occasional cell doublets. Our ultrastructural studies indicate that the plasmodial organisms, which are important in the etiology of the skin lesions, are myxozoans, and they may represent early stages of K. clupeidae.
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Williams WH, Evans JJ, Wilson BA. Neurorehabilitation for two cases of post-traumatic stress disorder following traumatic brain injury. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2003; 8:1-18. [PMID: 16571547 DOI: 10.1080/713752238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We present two cases to illustrate the assessment and management of post-traumatic stress disorder (PtSD) in the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Case KE suffered a TBI in a road traffic accident (RTA) in which his girlfriend was killed. Case CM survived a penetrating neurological injury from a severe knife attack. Both suffered cognitive difficulties, primarily in attention and memory, and selective visual impairments, and had endured significant losses of social role. METHOD Within a neurorehabilitation programme, goals were set regarding management of their cognitive difficulties for regaining social roles and for the management of their PtSD symptoms. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was provided for managing PtSD symptoms, which included use of a stress inoculation and graduated exposure to avoided situations and trauma re-experiences. RESULTS Both survivors reported significant improvements in managing mood state, and in redeveloping social roles. Objective measures confirmed significant gains from intervention. CONCLUSIONS CBT, set within a neurorehabilitation programme, can lead to improvement in PtSD symptoms and psychosocial outcome in TBI survivors.
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Williams WH, Evans JJ, Fleminger S. Neurorehabilitation and cognitive-behaviour therapy of anxiety disorders after brain injury: An overview and a case illustration of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2003; 13:133-48. [DOI: 10.1080/09602010244000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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