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Lumry W, Bernstein J, Cicardi M, Zuraw B, Craig T, Caballero T, Farkas H, Anderson J, Jacobs J, Riedl M, Manning M, Banerji A, Gower R. P153 Subcutaneous C1 inhibitor prophylaxis substantially reduces the need for rescue medications in the compact study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Craig T, Zuraw B, Lumry W, Bernstein J, Cicardi M, Anderson J, Jacobs J, Riedl M, Manning M, Banerji A. OR031 Preventive effect of subcutaneous C1 inhibitor in patients with very frequent attacks of hereditary angioedema. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sigal GB, Segal MR, Mathew A, Jarlsberg L, Wang M, Barbero S, Small N, Haynesworth K, Davis JL, Weiner M, Whitworth WC, Jacobs J, Schorey J, Lewinsohn DM, Nahid P. Biomarkers of Tuberculosis Severity and Treatment Effect: A Directed Screen of 70 Host Markers in a Randomized Clinical Trial. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:112-121. [PMID: 29100778 PMCID: PMC5704068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
More efficacious treatment regimens are needed for tuberculosis, however, drug development is impeded by a lack of reliable biomarkers of disease severity and of treatment effect. We conducted a directed screen of host biomarkers in participants enrolled in a tuberculosis clinical trial to address this need. Serum samples from 319 protocol-correct, culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated under direct observation as part of an international, phase 2 trial were screened for 70 markers of infection, inflammation, and metabolism. Biomarker assays were specifically developed for this study and quantified using a novel, multiplexed electrochemiluminescence assay. We evaluated the association of biomarkers with baseline characteristics, as well as with detailed microbiologic data, using Bonferroni-adjusted, linear regression models. Across numerous analyses, seven proteins, SAA1, PCT, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, PTX-3 and MMP-8, showed recurring strong associations with markers of baseline disease severity, smear grade and cavitation; were strongly modulated by tuberculosis treatment; and had responses that were greater for patients who culture-converted at 8weeks. With treatment, all proteins decreased, except for osteocalcin, MCP-1 and MCP-4, which significantly increased. Several previously reported putative tuberculosis-associated biomarkers (HOMX1, neopterin, and cathelicidin) were not significantly associated with treatment response. In conclusion, across a geographically diverse and large population of tuberculosis patients enrolled in a clinical trial, several previously reported putative biomarkers were not significantly associated with treatment response, however, seven proteins had recurring strong associations with baseline radiographic and microbiologic measures of disease severity, as well as with early treatment response, deserving additional study.
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Koslowsky J, Gilon D, Stessman J, Jacobs J, Leibowitz D. P2079Left atrial function and mortality in the elderly. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dudink E, Jacobs J, Bidar E, Weijs B, Luermans J, Maesen B, Cheriex E, Schotten U, Maessen J, Hoorntje J, Crijns H, Verheule S. P3628Age and extent of coronary artery disease are associated with complexity of induced atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Huits R, Okabayashi T, Cnops L, Barbé B, Van Den Berg R, Bartholomeeusen K, Ariën KK, Jacobs J, Bottieau E, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Van Esbroeck M. Diagnostic accuracy of a rapid E1-antigen test for chikungunya virus infection in a reference setting. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:78-81. [PMID: 28606643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid diagnostic tests targeting virus-specific antigen could significantly enhance the diagnostic capacity for chikungunya virus infections. We evaluated the accuracy of an immunochromatographic antigen test for diagnosis of chikungunya in a reference laboratory for arboviruses. METHODS An immunochromatographic rapid test that uses mouse monoclonal antibodies as a tracer against the E1-envelope protein of chikungunya (ARKRAY, Inc. Kyoto, Japan) was evaluated. Sensitivity was tested in sera from travellers with RT-PCR confirmed chikungunya virus infection (Eastern/Central/Southern African (ECSA) genotype) (n=9) and from patients diagnosed during the 2014-2015 chikungunya outbreak on Aruba (Asian genotype, n=30). Samples from patients with other febrile and non-febrile illnesses (n=26), sera spiked with Flavivirus and Alphavirus reference strains (n=13, including non-spiked serum), and samples containing other selected pathogens (n=20) were used to test specificity of the E1-antigen test. RESULTS Sensitivity of the E1-antigen test was 8/9 (88.9%, 95% CI 56.5-98.0) for the ECSA genotype, but only 10/30 (33.3%, 95% CI 19.2-51.2) for the Asian genotype. Overall diagnostic specificity was 49/59 (83.1%, 95% CI 71.5-90.5). CONCLUSIONS The E1-antigen test we evaluated had fair diagnostic sensitivity for ECSA genotype chikungunya, but low sensitivity for Asian genotype, and poor overall specificity. Antibodies that react across genotypes will be required for further development of a rapid test for chikungunya. Performance of new tests should be evaluated against different chikungunya genotypes.
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Barbé B, Yansouni CP, Affolabi D, Jacobs J. Implementation of quality management for clinical bacteriology in low-resource settings. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:426-433. [PMID: 28506781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The declining trend of malaria and the recent prioritization of containment of antimicrobial resistance have created a momentum to implement clinical bacteriology in low-resource settings. Successful implementation relies on guidance by a quality management system (QMS). Over the past decade international initiatives were launched towards implementation of QMS in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. AIMS To describe the progress towards accreditation of medical laboratories and to identify the challenges and best practices for implementation of QMS in clinical bacteriology in low-resource settings. SOURCES Published literature, online reports and websites related to the implementation of laboratory QMS, accreditation of medical laboratories and initiatives for containment of antimicrobial resistance. CONTENT Apart from the limitations of infrastructure, equipment, consumables and staff, QMS are challenged with the complexity of clinical bacteriology and the healthcare context in low-resource settings (small-scale laboratories, attitudes and perception of staff, absence of laboratory information systems). Likewise, most international initiatives addressing laboratory health strengthening have focused on public health and outbreak management rather than on hospital based patient care. Best practices to implement quality-assured clinical bacteriology in low-resource settings include alignment with national regulations and public health reference laboratories, participating in external quality assurance programmes, support from the hospital's management, starting with attainable projects, conducting error review and daily bench-side supervision, looking for locally adapted solutions, stimulating ownership and extending existing training programmes to clinical bacteriology. IMPLICATIONS The implementation of QMS in clinical bacteriology in hospital settings will ultimately boost a culture of quality to all sectors of healthcare in low-resource settings.
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Casas L, Espinosa A, Pekkanen J, Asikainen A, Borràs-Santos A, Jacobs J, Krop EJM, Täubel M, Hyvärinen A, Heederik D, Zock JP. School attendance and daily respiratory symptoms in children: influence of moisture damage. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:303-310. [PMID: 27224645 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of weekends and school holidays on the daily frequency and severity of respiratory and other symptoms among children attending schools with (index) or without (reference) moisture damage in Spain, the Netherlands, and Finland. Throughout 1 year, parents of 419 children with a respiratory condition attending index (n=15) or reference (n=10) primary schools completed three symptom diaries. We assessed associations between lower respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract or allergy, and other symptom scores and school day, weekend, or summer holiday using mixed regression models stratified by country and moisture damage. We evaluated interactions between moisture damage and type of day. We combined country-specific estimates (incidence rate ratios [IRRs] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) in meta-analyses. Symptom scores were lower during weekends and holiday. Lower respiratory tract symptoms were statistically significantly less common during holiday with strongest effect in index schools (IRR=0.7; CI=0.6-0.8). Reporting of other symptoms was more reduced during holiday in index (IRR=0.6; CI=0.4-0.9) than in reference (IRR=0.95; CI=0.8-1.2) schools (interaction P<.01). In conclusion, symptoms were less frequent and/or severe during summer holiday and weekends. This pattern was stronger among children attending moisture-damaged schools, suggesting potential improvement in moisture damage-related symptoms during school breaks.
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Burkovsky RG, Bronwald I, Andronikova D, Wehinger B, Krisch M, Jacobs J, Gambetti D, Roleder K, Majchrowski A, Filimonov AV, Rudskoy AI, Vakhrushev SB, Tagantsev AK. Critical scattering and incommensurate phase transition in antiferroelectric PbZrO 3 under pressure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41512. [PMID: 28134296 PMCID: PMC5278376 DOI: 10.1038/srep41512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiferroelectric lead zirconate is the key ingredient in modern ferroelectric and piezoelectric functional solid solutions. By itself it offers opportunities in new-type non-volatile memory and energy storage applications. A highly useful and scientifically puzzling feature of this material is the competition between the ferro- and antiferroelectric phases due to their energetic proximity, which leads to a challenge in understanding of the critical phenomena driving the formation of the antiferroelectric structure. We show that application of hydrostatic pressure drastically changes the character of critical lattice dynamics and enables the soft-mode-driven incommensurate phase transition sequence in lead zirconate. In addition to the long known cubic and antiferroelectric phases we identify the new non-modulated phase serving as a bridge between the cubic and the incommensurate phases. The pressure effect on ferroelectric and incommensurate critical dynamics shows that lead zirconate is not a single-instability-driven system.
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Vandendriessche S, De Boeck H, Deplano A, Phoba MF, Lunguya O, Falay D, Dauly N, Verhaegen J, Denis O, Jacobs J. Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bloodstream infections, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1163-1171. [PMID: 28116552 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is known worldwide as an invasive pathogen, but information on S. aureus from bloodstream infections in Central Africa remains scarce. A collection of S. aureus blood culture isolates recovered from hospitals in four provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2009-2013) was assessed. A total of 27/108 isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), of which >70% were co-resistant to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides and lincosamides. For MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, resistance to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was <10%. However, 66.7% (72/108) of all isolates harboured the trimethoprim resistance gene dfrG. More than three-quarters (84/108, 77.8%) of isolates belonged to CC5, CC8, CC121 or CC152. Genetic diversity was higher among MSSA (31 spa types) compared to MRSA (four spa types). Most MRSA (23/27, 85.2%) belonged to CC8-spa t1476-SCCmec V and 17/23 (73.9%) MRSA ST8 were oxacillin susceptible but cefoxitin resistant. Among MRSA and MSSA combined, 49.1% (53/108) and 19.4% (21/108) contained the genes encoding for Panton-Valentine leucocidin (lukS-lukF PV, PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst, TSST-1), respectively. PVL was mainly detected among MSSA (51/53 isolates harbouring PVL were MSSA, 96.2%) and associated with CC121, CC152, CC1 and CC5. TSST-1 was associated with CC8-spa t1476-SCCmec V. The immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes scn, sak and chp were detected in 81.5% of isolates (88/108, equally represented among MSSA and MRSA). The present study confirms the occurrence of MRSA with high levels of multidrug co-resistance and PVL-positive MSSA among invasive S. aureus isolates in Central Africa.
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Sahle CJ, Rosa AD, Rossi M, Cerantola V, Spiekermann G, Petitgirard S, Jacobs J, Huotari S, Moretti Sala M, Mirone A. Direct tomography imaging for inelastic X-ray scattering experiments at high pressure. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:269-275. [PMID: 28009566 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516017100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A method to separate the non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering signal of a micro-metric sample contained inside a diamond anvil cell (DAC) from the signal originating from the high-pressure sample environment is described. Especially for high-pressure experiments, the parasitic signal originating from the diamond anvils, the gasket and/or the pressure medium can easily obscure the sample signal or even render the experiment impossible. Another severe complication for high-pressure non-resonant inelastic X-ray measurements, such as X-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy, can be the proximity of the desired sample edge energy to an absorption edge energy of elements constituting the DAC. It is shown that recording the scattered signal in a spatially resolved manner allows these problems to be overcome by separating the sample signal from the spurious scattering of the DAC without constraints on the solid angle of detection. Furthermore, simple machine learning algorithms facilitate finding the corresponding detector pixels that record the sample signal. The outlined experimental technique and data analysis approach are demonstrated by presenting spectra of the Si L2,3-edge and O K-edge of compressed α-quartz. The spectra are of unprecedented quality and both the O K-edge and the Si L2,3-edge clearly show the existence of a pressure-induced phase transition between 10 and 24 GPa.
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Byrne A, Jacobs J, Burke CS, Martin A, Heise A, Keyes TE. Rational design of polymeric core shell ratiometric oxygen-sensing nanostructures. Analyst 2017; 142:3400-3406. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the fabrication of luminescent ratiometric sensing nanosensors is described using core–shell nanoparticles in which the probe and reference are spatially separated into the shell and core of the nanostructure respectively.
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Savelev A, Moscicki R, Mata Caballero R, Jacobs J, Popa OA, Siliste RN, Rivin AE, Rud SD, Climent V, Feliu E, Vicedo A, Saavedra J, Lopez Pais J, Molina L, Gorriz J, Hernandez Jimenez V, Perea J, Forteza A, Esteban C, Alonso Martin J, Van Berendoncks AM, Van Herck JL, Vergauwen W, Spinhoven MJ, Lauwers P, Tjalma WA, Dorobantu L, Chioncel O, Stiru O, Herlea V, Bulescu C, Lacau S, Iliescu V, Ginghina C, Ciudin R, Ciomag R, Homentcovschi C, Saguna C, Spataru D. Clinical Cases: Masses, tumors and source of embolism82A case of right atrial diverticulum initially diagnosed in 58 years old female patient83Unusual cardiac mass84A very rare cardiac mass in the right atrium85A rare cause of syncope: intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension86Left ventricular myxoma- a rare finding87Mediastinal masses and a left atrial tumor: are they related? -the role of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis and the management of the patient. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lamers-Karnebeek F, Luime J, van Riel P, Jacobs J, Jansen T. OP0181 Prediction of Flare after Stopping TNF-Inhibitor by Baseline Ultrasonography and Patient Characteristics in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Low Disease Activity: 12-Month Results. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
The continual cycle of bone formation and resorption is carried out by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts under the direction of the bone-signaling pathway. In certain situations the host cycle of bone repair is insufficient and requires the assistance of bone grafts and their substitutes. The fundamental properties of a bone graft are osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis, and structural support. Options for bone grafting include autogenous and allograft bone and the various isolated or combined substitutes of calcium sulphate, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and coralline hydroxyapatite. Not all bone grafts will have the same properties. As a result, understanding the requirements of the clinical situation and specific properties of the various types of bone grafts is necessary to identify the ideal graft. We present a review of the bone repair process and properties of bone grafts and their substitutes to help guide the clinician in the decision making process.
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Zechner G, Jacobs J, Goossens L, Vertenten G, Taylor MA. Prevention of coccidiosis in dairy cows. Vet Rec 2016; 178:402. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.i2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mühlschlegel G, Stiller B, Kroll J, Benk C, Klemm R, Jacobs J, Humburger F, Bludau P. Detektion Cerebraler Minderperfusion Mittels Amplitudenintegrierter Elektroenzephalographie (aEEG) und Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (NIRS) während Herzoperation mit kardiopulmonalem Bypass bei Säuglingen. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jacobs J, Pekow J. Education and Imaging. Gastroenterology: Small bowel obstruction due to multiple spontaneous intramural duodenal hematomas. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015. [PMID: 26201666 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Lamers-Karnebeek F, Jansen T, van Riel P, Luime J, Jacobs J. OP0181 Ultrasonography as Predictor for Flare in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Low Disease Activity: Nine Month Results from Poet-Us-Study. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sokka T, Khan N, Nikiphorou E, Verstappen S, Hetland M, Inanc N, Laurindo I, Stropuviene S, Combe B, Cutolo M, Jacobs J. AB1183 Joint Operations as an Indicator of Disease Severity and Burden in the Quest-RA Study: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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de Hair M, Jurgens M, Lafeber F, Jacobs J, van Laar J. THU0123 Is a High Contribution of Tender Joint Count and VAS General Health to the DAS28 Associated with Poor Clinical Response to Treatment in Early DMARD-Naïve RA Patients?: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kêkê LM, Samouda H, Jacobs J, di Pompeo C, Lemdani M, Hubert H, Zitouni D, Guinhouya BC. Body mass index and childhood obesity classification systems: A comparison of the French, International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and World Health Organization (WHO) references. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2015; 63:173-82. [PMID: 26002984 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to compare three body mass index (BMI)-based classification systems of childhood obesity: the French, the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) references. METHODS The study involved 1382 schoolchildren, recruited from the Lille Academic District in France in May 2009 aged 8.4±1.7 years (4.0-12.0 years). Their mean height and body mass were 131.5±10.9cm and 30.7±9.2kg, respectively, resulting in a BMI of 17.4±3.2kg/m(2). The weight status was defined according to the three systems considered in this study. The agreement between these references was tested using the Cohen's kappa coefficient. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight was higher with the WHO references (20.0%) in comparison with the French references (13.8%; P<0.0001) and the IOTF (16.2%; P≤0.01). A similar result was found with obesity (WHO: 11.6% vs. IOTF: 6.7%; or French references: 6.7%; P<0.0001). Agreement between the three references ranged from "moderate" to "perfect" (0.43≤κ≤1.00; P<0.0001). Kappa coefficients were higher when the three references were used to classify children as obese (0.63≤κ≤1.00; P<0.0001) as compared to classification in the overweight (obesity excluded) category (0.43≤κ≤0.94; P<0.0001). When sex and age categories (4-6 years vs. 7-12 years) were considered to define the overweight status, the lowest kappa coefficient was found between the French and WHO references in boys aged 7-12 years (κ=0.28; P<0.0001), and the highest one in girls aged 7-12 years between the French references and IOTF (κ=0.97; P<0.0001). As for obesity, agreement between the three references ranged from 0.60 to 1.00 (P<0.0001), with the lowest values obtained in the comparison of the WHO references against French references or IOTF among boys aged 7-12 years (κ=0.60; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Overall, the WHO references yield an overestimation in overweight and/or obesity within this sample of schoolchildren as compared to the French references and the IOTF. The magnitude of agreement coefficients between the three references depends on of both sex and age categories. The French references seem to be in rather close agreement with the IOTF in defining overweight, especially in 7-12-year-old children.
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De Boeck H, Vandendriessche S, Hallin M, Batoko B, Alworonga JP, Mapendo B, Van Geet C, Dauly N, Denis O, Jacobs J. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among healthcare workers in Kisangani, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1567-72. [PMID: 25931131 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global health concern, but there are few data from Central Africa. The objective of our study was to characterise S. aureus colonisation isolates from healthcare-exposed professionals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Healthcare workers and medical students (n = 380) in Kisangani, DRC were screened for S. aureus nasal carriage in a single-centre cross-sectional study in the University Hospital of Kisangani. The isolates were identified and characterised using phenotypic and genotypic methods. The nasal carriage rate of S. aureus was 16.6 % and 10 out of 63 isolates (15.9 %) were MRSA. We found 28 different spa types. Most MRSA isolates belonged to ST8-spa t1476-SCCmec V. The majority of MRSA were multidrug-resistant to non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Overall, 28.5 % of S. aureus carried Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-encoding genes (all methicillin-sensitive) and 17.5 % carried toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1)-encoding genes. The finding of MRSA carriage among healthcare workers in a setting with limited access to diagnostic microbiology and appropriate therapy calls for improved education on infection control practices and supports the introduction of surveillance programmes.
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Horna G, Astocondor L, Jacobs J, García C. [Phenotypic methods for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2015; 28:98-100. [PMID: 25904517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cefoxitin is a potent inducer of the mecA gene. It is currently as a screening recommended method for presumptive identification of isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The aim of the study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the cefoxitin disc diffusion (30 μg) to oxacillin agar screening from detection of the mecA gene by PCR. METHODS Three hundred thirty-one strains of S. aureus isolated from blood cultures of patients from hospitals in Lima were used in the study. The following tests were performed: oxacillin screening agar (plates were inoculated with 4% NaCl and 6 mg/L of oxacillin), cefoxitin disc diffusion test (30 ug) and PCR to amplify the mecA gene. RESULTS The mecA gene was detected in 165 out of 331 S. aureus isolates. Thus, the frequency of detection of MRSA was 50%. The evaluation of the cefoxitin disc diffusion test showed a 96.3% and 90.9% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. CONCLUSION Cefoxitin disc diffusion test correlated well with detection of the mecA gene by PCR. Therefore, this test can be an alternative to PCR for detection of MRSA in limited resources settings.
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