Spermine Regulates Water Balance Associated with Ca2+-Dependent Aquaporin (TrTIP2-1, TrTIP2-2 and TrPIP2-7) Expression in Plants under Water Stress

Spermine (Spm) regulates water balance involved in water channel proteins, aquaporins (AQPs), in plants. An increase in endogenous Spm content via exogenous Spm application significantly improved cell membrane stability, photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment (OA) and water use efficiency (WUE) contributing to enhanced tolerance to water stress in white clover. Spm upregulated TrTIP2-1, TrTIP2-2 and TrPIP2-7 expressions and also increased the abundance of TIP2 and PIP2-7 proteins in white clover under water stress. Spm quickly activated intracellular Ca2+ signaling and Spm-induced TrTIP2-2 and TrPIP2-7 expressions could be blocked by Ca2+ channel blockers and the inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase in leaves of white clover. TrSAMS in relation to Spm biosynthesis was first cloned from white clover and the TrSAMS was located in the nucleus. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing the TrSAMS had significantly higher endogenous Spm content and improved cell membrane stability, photosynthesis, OA, WUE and transcript levels of AtSIP1-1, AtSIP1-2, AtTIP2-1, AtTIP2-2, AtPIP1-2, AtPIP2-1 and AtNIP2-1 than wild type in response to water stress. Current findings indicate that Spm regulates water balance via an enhancement in OA, WUE and water transport related to Ca2+-dependent AQP expression in plants under water stress.

Clinical significance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition typing of circulating tumour cells in colorectal cancer

AIM

The aim was to determine the diagnostic value of epithelial-mesenchymal transition typing of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC).

METHOD

Peripheral blood samples were collected from 51 CRC patients before anti-tumour treatment from April 2016 to June 2018 at the Peking University Shenzhen Hospital. The blood samples were analysed using the CanPatrol CTC typing technique (SurExam, Guangzhou, China), which combines nanomembrane enrichment with mRNA in situ hybridization. Based on the marker expression, the CTCs were classified into epithelial, epithelial mesenchymal and mesenchymal (M-CTC) types. The correlation between the CTC counts and clinicopathological characteristics such as gender, age, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were analysed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. The overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients demarcated by CTC typing were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests.

RESULT

M-CTCs were detected more frequently in patients with lymph node metastasis (N2 81.8%; N1 72.7%; N0 38.9%) as well as distant metastasis (M0 50%; M1a 81.25%; M1b 85.7%) compared to those without metastasis. In addition, the presence of M-CTCs was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (P = 0.035), distant metastasis (P < 0.001) and total CTC count ≥ 4 (P = 0.007) and M-CTC count ≥ 1 (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with unfavourable PFS, and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.04), distant metastasis (P = 0.01) and M-CTC count ≥ 1 (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with unfavourable overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of M-CTCs was the only independent prognostic factor for poor PFS, and patients with M-CTCs had significantly shorter PFS than those without (P = 0.011).

CONCLUSION

M-CTCs are significantly associated with CRC severity and metastasis, and M-CTC count is an independent predictor of prognosis.

Long noncoding RNA ROR1-AS1 induces tumor metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by sponging miR-375 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The article "Long noncoding RNA ROR1-AS1 induces tumor metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by sponging miR-375 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, by Hou J, Yan J, Ren XY, Zhu K, Du XY, Li JJ, Xu M., published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Jan;24(1):174-180. DOI: 10.26355/ eurrev_202001_19909. PMID: 31957830" has been withdrawn from the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.

Chinese expert group consensus on diagnosis and clinical management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible

Osteoradionecrosis of the mandible (MORN) is one of the most devastating complications caused by radiation therapy in the head and neck region. It is characterized by infection and chronic necrosis of the mandible as the main manifestation. Clinically, MORN-related symptoms include swelling, pain, dysphagia, trismus, masticatory or speech disorders, refractory orocutaneous fistula, bone exposure, and even pathological fracture. MORN has become a challenging clinical problem for oral and maxillofacial surgeons to deal with, but thus far, this problem has not been solved due to the lack of widely accepted treatment algorithms or guidelines. Because of the nonexistence of standardized treatment criteria, most clinical treatment against MORN nowadays is largely based on controversial empirical understandings, while recommendations on post-therapeutic evaluations are scarce. Therefore, to further unify and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of MORN, to decrease the huge waste of medical resources, and ultimately, to improve the wellbeing of the patients, the Chinese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (CSOMS) convened an expert panel specialized in MORN from 16 domestic medical colleges and affiliated hospitals to discuss the spectrum of diagnosis and and formulate treatment. In addition, consensus recommendations were also revised with a comprehensive literature review of the previous treatment experiences and research pearls. This 'expert consensus statement on diagnosis and clinical management of MORN' is for clinical reference.

[Three cases report of juvenile dermatomyositis with positive anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody and severe interstitial lung disease and literature review]

Objective: To report the clinical features of anti-MDA5 antibody positive juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) complicated with severe interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods: The clinical data of three patients, who was admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from September 2016 to July 2017, with anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody positive JDM complicated with ILD were retrospectively extracted and analyzed. Meanwhile, PubMed database, CNKI, Wanfang database and China Biology Medicine disc (from their establishment to February 2019) with the key words "juvenile dermatomyositis" "interstitial lung disease" , and "anti-MAD5 antibody" both in English and Chinese were searched. Results: There were 2 females and 1 male (P1-P3), aged from 10 years 3 months to13 years 4 months, the time from onset to diagnosis were 2 months, 4 months and 10 months. All presented with rash. One of them had decreased muscle strength, and two had decreased activity tolerance. Creatine kinase was 588, 915 and 74 U/L, and serum ferritin were 1 792, >2 000 and 195.4 μg/L. All three patients had positive anti-MDA5 antibodies. At the time of diagnosis, all of them had ILD, pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema, but had no respiratory symptoms. All three patients received oral methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy, while human immunoglobulin was given only to P1 and P2. P1 developed rapid progressive pulmonary interstitial disease (RPILD) and died of respiratory failure after 2 months. While P2 and P3 were followed up for 1 to 2 years, who had complete remission, as anti-MDA5 antibody turned to negative and ILD improved significantly. Ten related reports in literature were retrieved, without reported Chinese cases, and most cases initiated with rash and very likely complicated with arthritis. Some of them were more likely to have ILD rather than muscle weakness. It also showed that Japanese JDM children had higher rate of positive anti-MDA5 antibody than patients from the U.S. and U.K., and are more susceptible to ILD and RPILD. The mortality rate of patients with RPILD is extremely high. Conclusions: The cases of JDM with positive anti-MDA5 antibody mainly presented with rash and mild muscle weakness, and could be complicated with ILD, pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema without respiratory symptoms at early stage. Anti-MDA5 antibody titer is related to disease activity and can turn to negative after treatment.

[Application of ultrasonography in etiologic judgment of hoarseness after thyroidecomy]

Objective:To explore the application value of ultrasound in etiologic judgement of hoarseness after thyroidecomy. Method:Sixty-three cases of hoarseness after thyroidecomy were examed by laryngeal ultrasonography. Vocal cord, arytenoid cartilage, pyriform fossa, thyroid operation area and recurrent laryngeal nerve pathway were evaluated. Regard electronic laryngoscope results as gold standard and compare the differences between the two methods. Result:Sixty-three patients were detected by ultrasound, then, 29 cases were diagnosed with left vocal cord paralysis, 24 cases with right vocal cord paralysis, 2 cases with bilateral vocal cord paralysis, 1 case with right vocal cord polyp, 3 cases with left vocal cord polyp, 1 case with renke layer edema, and 3 cases has normal laryngeal imaging. The accuracy of ultrasonography in determining the etiology of hoarseness after thyroidecomy is 92.1%, the sensitivity is 93.3%, and the specificity is 66.7%. Conclusion:The ultrasonography can not only show laryngeal structures, but also display thyroid operation area and recurrent laryngeal nerve pathway. Moreover, as an non-invasive method, ultrasonography has high accuracy in etiologic judgement of hoarseness after thyroidecomy and certain clinical application values.

Long non-coding RNA expression profile in permanent atrial fibrillation patients with rheumatic heart disease

OBJECTIVE

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia, especially in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients. The differences in structural remodeling and electrical remodeling between the left and right atrium associated with AF in RHD patients are well known, and alterations in the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the left atrium have also been investigated. However, the role of lncRNAs in the right atrium (RA) remains largely unknown.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We identified differentially expressed lncRNAs in RA tissues of RHD patients with AF or a normal sinus rhythm (NSR) using microarray analysis. Then, we performed gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses for functional annotation of the deregulated lncRNAs. Finally, we constructed a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network.

RESULTS

Of the 22,829 human non-coding RNAs analyzed, a total of 1,909 long non-coding RNAs were detected. A total of 182 lncRNAs (117 downregulated and 65 upregulated) were shown to be differentially expressed (fold-change > 1.5) in AF patients compared with NSR patients. Many lncRNAs might be partially involved in an AF-related pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

AF dysregulates the expression of lncRNAs in the RA of RHD patients. These findings may be useful for exploring potential therapeutic treatments for AF in RHD patients.

A SNP in PLAG1 is associated with body height trait in Chinese cattle

Stature is an important quantitative trait for cattle performance, which influences herd productivity. Previous studies have reported that an SNP (AC_000171.1:g.25015640G>T, rs109815800) in Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) on chromosome 14 (CHR14) is associated with bovine stature. To validate whether rs109815800 is associated with the body height of Chinese cattle, we carried out an association analysis using 558 adult cattle samples from seven populations. Then, 1038 samples from 38 Chinese cattle breeds were used to show the geographical distribution of this variant in China. The results showed that the Q allele (G allele) increased the height of cattle. Furthermore, the frequencies of Q allele in Chinese native breeds tend to decrease from northern China to southern China, and the frequency of Q allele in two Chinese beef cattle breeds is much higher than that in another 36 Chinese local cattle breeds. Our data suggest that the prevalence of the Q allele is correlated with latitude in China.

P5476Usefulness of haemoglobin level combined with CAMI-STEMI score for predicting MACCE in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after PCI

Background

Early risk stratification was strongly recommended to guide therapeutic management and to improve outcome for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Anaemia and high haemoglobin levels are common in STEMI patients, but the effect of the haemoglobin level on the prognosis of STEMI patients remains in dispute. The China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (CAMI-STEMI) score can predict in-hospital mortality among Chinese STEMI patients, with similar performance to the well-established Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score, while relying solely on simple and practical variables. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the haemoglobin level combined with the CAMI-STEMI score in STEMI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

We included 360 STEMI patients who underwent PCI. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the first haemoglobin value after PCI, group 1 (male: Hb<120 g/L, female: Hb<110 g/L; 42 cases), group 2 (male: 120 g/L ≤ Hb<160 g/L, female: 110 g/L≤Hb<150 g/L; 278 cases), and group 3 (male: Hb ≥160 g/L, female: Hb ≥150 g/L; 40 cases). Clinical characteristics, and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) during the follow-up period were recorded.

Results

The incidence of MACCE in the 3 groups increased with a decrease in the haemoglobin level. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the CAMI-STEMI score was an independent predictor of MACCE incidence at 30 days after PCI and that anaemia was an independent predictor of MACCE incidence at 6 months and 1 year after PCI. A high haemoglobin level was an independent predictor of MACCE incidence at 1 year after PCI. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the haemoglobin level, CAMI-STEMI score and haemoglobin level combined with CAMI-STEMI score predicting the occurrence of MACCE in STEMI patients within 30 days after PCI were 0.604, 0.614, and 0.639, respectively.

Figure 1. MACCE-free survival curve

Conclusion

The CAMI-STEMI score was an independent predictor of MACCE incidence at 30 days after PCI. The haemoglobin level combined with the CAMI-STEMI score improved the predictive value of MACCE in STEMI patients within 30 days after PCI.

Acknowledgement/Funding

This study was supported by grants to Chengchun Tang from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Research Grant #81670237)

P3390Relationship of thrombus healing to underlying plaque characteristics in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: an optical coherence tomography study

Background

Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is typically characterized by an occlusive coronary thrombus propagation on a disrupted or eroded atherosclerotic plaque. A variable period of plaque instability and thrombus formation occur days or weeks old in approximately 50% of patients with STEMI. Presence of late stage (older) thrombi in aspirated coronary material is an independent predictor of 1-year and long-term mortality in STEMI patients. However, the relationship between coronary thrombus healing to underlying plaque morphology and characteristics in vivo still remains largely unknown.

Purpose

Our objective was to assess differences in thrombus healing between ruptured and eroded plaques in vivo and evaluate the impact of underlying plaque characteristics on thrombus healing using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods

Analyzable coronary material was obtained during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 135 patients with STEMI within 12h of symptom onset. Thrombi were morphologically classified as either early or late stage (lytic changes or organization). Of the 135 patients, 110 were eligible for culprit lesion evaluation using OCT. Quantitative and qualitative underlying plaque characteristics were assessed by OCT.

Results

Late-stage thrombi were found in 49 of 110 (44.5%) culprit plaques. Patients with eroded plaques more frequently had late-stage thrombi compared with ruptured plaques (59.0% vs. 36.6%, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis was performed between plaque rupture, identified in 71 patients (64.5%) and plaque erosion in 39 patients (35.5%). In plaque ruptures, patients with late-stage thrombi had larger lipid core length (12.4±3.3 vs. 14.5±3.8, p=0.020), larger rupture cavity length [1.5 (1.0, 2.0) vs. 1.9 (1.5, 2.8), p=0.034] and increased residual thrombus length [7.8 (6.3, 11.2) vs. 10.3 (7.8, 13.8), p=0.021] assessed by OCT compared with early thrombus group. However, in plaque erosions, late stage thrombi were associated with decreased residual thrombus burden compared with patients with early thrombus group [16.8 (12.8, 20.4) vs. 13.4 (10.7, 14.8), p=0.012]. No significant difference was found between thrombus healing with peak creatine kinase concentration or maximum NT-pro BNP in subgroup analysis.

Conclusions

Coronary thrombi in STEMI patients exhibited diverse phases of healing, depending on the etiology of the underlying culprit plaque in vivo. These observations indicate entirely distinct mechanisms of thrombus propagation, maturation and healing between plaque rupture and erosion, illustrating an opportunity for more tailored treatment in patients with different plaque type.

MiR-133b regulates the expression of CTGF in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer

OBJECTIVE

To explore the role of miR-133b in ovarian cancer and to preliminarily elucidate the mechanism of miR-133b in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

MiR-133b was detected in ovarian cancer specimens, and the relationship of miR-133b with each pathological index and clinical index of ovarian cancer was analyzed. The action targets of miR-133b in ovarian cancer were analyzed systematically and studied deeply via the target validation and cell function validation. Finally, the possible reasons of ovarian cancer metastasis were analyzed through the molecular regulation mechanism in EMT of ovarian cancer.

RESULTS

The miR-133b level in ovarian cancer was significantly lower than in normal ovarian tissues and benign ovarian tumors (p<0.05). The level of miR-133b in ovarian cancer was related to differentiated degree and lymphatic metastasis. Dual-luciferase assay indicated that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was the target gene regulated by miR-133b. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as well as Western blot results proved that the expression level of E-cadherin representing the epithelial cell phenotype was increased, while the expression level of vimentin representing the mesenchymal cell phenotype was decreased. Transwell assay confirmed that the migration and invasion abilities of ovarian cancer cells declined after transfection with miR-133b plasmid. After co-transfection with miR-133b and CTGF overexpression plasmids, RT-PCR and Western blotting proved that the expression level of E-cadherin representing the epithelial cell phenotype was decreased, while the expression level of vimentin representing the mesenchymal cell phenotype was increased; transwell assay confirmed that the cell migration and invasion abilities were increased after co-transfection.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study showed that miR-133b may serve as a new molecular marker of EMT of ovarian cancer, and act as a molecular marker of differentiated degree and lymphatic metastasis of ovarian cancer.

[Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss]

Objective:To explore the relationships between glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity and the prognosis of refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), and to analyze the related factors being affected the prognosis of SSNHL. Method:Ninety-one refractory SSNHL patients were enrolled in the present investigation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the refractory SSNHL were extracted to conduct GC proliferation dexamethasone (DEX) inhibition experiments. All patients accepted comprehensive treatment with methylprednisolone. Result:Total effective rate was 40.66% in refractory SSNHL patients. Gender, number of affected ear, age, accompanying with vertigo, tinnitus or not and the procedure of methylprednisolone treatment were irrelevant to the efficacy. Only the inhibitory rate of DEX and the time from onset to visit were related to GC treatment effect, especially for inhibitory rate of DEX. The DEX inhibition rate of the effective group was higher than that of the ineffective group. Conclusion:DEX inhibition rate can predict GC sensitivity and prognosis of SSNHL. GC sensitivity and the time from onset to treatment are two important factors affecting the prognosis of refractory SSNHL patients..

[Evaluation and comparison of prognostic value of serum free light chain ratio/difference in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma]

目的

比较评估初诊时血清游离轻链比值（rFLC）及差值（dFLC）对多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者预后的价值。

方法

收集整理2012年1月至2016年3月有FLC检测记录的479例初治MM患者的相关临床资料，采用四分位间距法将rFLC、dFLC进行分组。将rFLC分别为3组：≤14.828、14.828~364.597、≥364.597。将dFLC分为3组：≤112.85 mg/L、112.85~2 891.83 mg/L、≥2 891.83 mg/L。随后分别对不同分组进行预后分析比较。使用Kaplan-Meier进行无进展生存（PFS）和总生存期（OS）比较，使用Cox回归进行单因素、多因素预后相关性分析。

结果

不同截断范围rFLC或dFLC患者的OS及PFS差异均有统计学意义。rFLC≤14.828组OS明显优于其他两组（未达到对61个月对47个月，P=0.019）；PFS与rFLC 14.828~364.597组相比，差异无统计学意义（P=0.227），与rFLC≥364.597相比，差异有统计学意义（P=0.024）。dFLC≤112.85 mg/L组与其他两组相比PFS、OS差异均有统计学意义。单因素、多因素分析显示rFLC仅与患者OS显著相关，而dFLC与患者OS、PFS均显著相关。4年OS率比较，rFLC≤14.828组4年OS率达90.84%，明显高于其他两组（59.29%、62.26%）；dFLC≤112.85 mg/L组4年OS率达89.97%，明显高于其他两组（41.32%、71.95%）（P<0.05）。

结论

对于初治MM患者，不同截断范围的rFLC、dFLC对患者生存预后影响不同。其中rFLC≤14.828或dFLC≤112.85 mg/L，其生存预后差异更为明显，且具有更低的死亡风险，危险比也更低。以此截断值判断患者预后较为理想。

Prediction of response to pemetrexed in non-small-cell lung cancer with immunohistochemical phenotyping based on gene expression profiles

Background

Palliative pemetrexed-based chemotherapy remains a standard of care treatment for the majority of patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, no predictive markers for pemetrexed treatment are available.

Methods

Resected tumour samples from pemetrexed-naïve NSCLC patients were collected. Gene expression profiling with respect to predicted sensitivity to pemetrexed classified predicted responders (60%) and non-responders (40%) based on differentially expressed genes encoding for pemetrexed target enzymes. Genes showing a strong correlation with these target genes were selected for measurement of corresponding protein expressions by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. A semi-quantitative IHC scoring method was applied to construct a prediction model for response to pemetrexed. A retrospective cohort of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with first-line pemetrexed-based chemotherapy was used for external validation.

Results

From ninety-one patients resected tumour samples were collected. The majority of patients had early or locally advanced NSCLC (96.3%). Gene expression profiling revealed five markers, which mRNA levels strongly correlated to pemetrexed target genes mRNA levels: TPX2, CPA3, EZH2, MCM2 and TOP2A. Of 63 (69%) patients IHC staining scores of these markers were obtained, which significantly differed between predicted non-responders and responders (P < 0.05). The optimized prediction model included EZH2 (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.35–0.90) and TPX2 (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.30–1.01). The model had a sensitivity of 86.8%, specificity of 63.6% and showed a good ability to distinct between responders and non-responders (C-index 0.86).

In the external study population (N = 23) the majority of patients had metastatic NSCLC (95.7%). Partial response (PR) was established in 26.1%. The sensitivity decreased drastically to 33.3%, with a specificity of 82.4% and a C-index of 0.73.

Conclusions

Using external validation this prediction model with IHC staining of target enzyme correlated markers showed a good discrimination, but lacked sensitivity. The role of IHC markers as response predictors for pemetrexed in clinical practice remains questionable.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5645-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Influences of position of ytterbium-doped fiber and ASE pump on spectral properties of random fiber laser

The influences of the position of the ytterbium-doped fiber and the parasitic lasing in the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) pump source on the spectral properties of the random fiber laser are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that putting ytterbium-doped fiber in the random fiber laser's cavity and using an ASE pump source with parasitic lasing are beneficial for the generation of high-order Stokes. A near-infrared supercontinuum with 20 dB bandwidth of more than 500 nm can be generated directly from a random fiber laser, which proved that a random laser fiber cannot only works as a traditional random fiber laser, but also can be a novel, simple, low-cost, low-coherence and robust near-infrared supercontinuum generation method.

[Clinical features and prognosis of 93 elderly patients with multiple myeloma]

Objective: To explore the clinical features and prognostic factors of elderly MM patients. Methods: A retrospectively analysis of clinical characteristics in 93 newly diagnosed MM patients with more than 70 years of old between August 2011 and August 2016. Based on age, basic activities of daily living scale, instrumental activities of daily living scale, Charlson comorbidity index at diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups: Fit (score=0, n=15) , Intermediate fitness (score=1, n=31) , Frail (score≥2, n=47) according to a geriatric assessment system proposed by Antonio Palumbo et al. The treatment response rate, progression free survival time (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the three groups were analyzed. Results: Complete remission was 60.0% in Fit, 22.6% in Intermediate fitness and 12.8% in Frail (Fisher χ(2)=12.398, P=0.002) . The median PFS for the three groups were 31 months, 24 months and 13 months (χ(2)=17.832, P<0.001) . The median OS was not reached for Fit, 58 months for Intermediate fitness and 25 months for Frail (χ(2)=40.678, P<0.001) . In 47 Frail cases, patients who received chemotherapy containing new drugs (proteasome inhibitor or immune-modulator) had a longer PFS (17 months vs 9 months, χ(2)=6.454, P=0.011) and patients who achieved CR had prolonged PFS and OS than non-CR (PFS: 24 months vs 12 months, χ(2)=4.117, P=0.042; OS: 37 months vs 25 months, χ(2)= 6.507, P=0.011) . Conclusion: The health status of the elderly MM patients was associated with better response and longer PFS and OS. Given on those with poor health status, new drugs may have better PFS and prolonged OS.

[Cytogenetic abnormalities and prognosis of 532 patients with multiple myeloma]

目的

探讨多发性骨髓瘤（MM）6种常见细胞遗传学异常对预后的影响。

方法

对532例初诊MM患者通过CD138免疫磁珠富集骨髓瘤细胞，采用间期荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术对13q−、17p−、1q+、t（4;14）、t（11;14）和t（14;16）等MM常见遗传学异常进行检测，比较不同遗传学异常对预后的影响。

结果

532例患者中，细胞遗传学异常检出率为78.20%（416/532），其中13q−的检出率为42.29%（225/532），17p−为16.35%（87/532），1q＋为53.38%（284/532），t（4;14）为25.94%（138/532），t（11;14）为21.62%（115/532），t（14;16）为2.07%（11/532）。将6种细胞遗传学异常进行相关性分析，得出13q−与17p−、1q+、t（4;14）、t（14;16）的发生均相关（P值均<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示，13q−、1q+、t（4;14）和t（14;16）对患者无进展生存（PFS）有明显影响，13q−、17p−、t（4;14）和t（14;16）对患者总生存（OS）有明显影响。多因素分析结果显示，1q+、t（4;14）和t（14;16）是影响患者PFS的独立预后不良因素，17p−、t（4;14）和t（14;16）是影响患者OS的独立预后不良因素。将患者根据所伴有的独立预后不良因素的数量进行分组，伴有0、1、2、3个独立预后不良因素的患者中位PFS时间分别为30.9、28.4、18.7、17.6个月（P＝0.035），中位OS分别为54.4、46.1、38.0、21.2个月（P＝0.004）。

结论

1q+、17p−、t（4;14）和t（14;16）是影响MM患者生存的独立预后不良因素；13q−的发生常伴随着17p−、1q＋和（或）t（4;14），单纯13q−不是独立预后因素；伴有的独立预后不良因素数量越多，患者预后越差。

[A retrospective study of the BiRd regimen in the treatment of relapsed/ refractory multiple myeloma]

Objective: To evaluate efficacy of the BiRd regimen, a combination of clarithromycin, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, in the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) . Methods: Patients with RRMM treated with BiRd between September 11, 2013 and August 1, 2016 at six centers were included to evaluate overall survival rate (ORR) , clinical benefit rate (CBR) , progression-free survival (PFS) , overall survival (OS) , as well as adverse events. Results: Of 30 patients with RRMM, 27 patients were evaluable, and ORR and CBR were 51.9% (14/27) and 66.7% (18/27) respectively, including 1 sCR (3.7%) , 3 CR (11.1%) , 3 VGPR (11.1%) , and 7 PR (25.6%) . In 13 patients with prior Rd, ORR and CBR were 38.5% (5/13) and 61.5% (8/13) respectively, of which 5 patients with ≥MR carried high-risk cytogenetic[ (e.g.17p- or t (4;14) ] together with at least one of other adverse-prognostic cytogenetic (e.g.13q- and/or 1q21+) . In 24 patients with prior bortezomib-based therapy, ORR and CBR were 45.8 and 62.5%, respectively. With a median follow-up time of 14.9 (range 1.0-33.8) months, the median PFS and OS were 12.0 (95%CI 11.6-12.4) and 27.6 (95%CI 15.1-40.1) months, respectively. The BiRd regimen was well tolerated. Conclusion: The BiRd regimen is an effective and safety protocol for RRMM, including those carrying high-risk cytogenetic markers.

[A multicenter, retrospective study of pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological diseases in Shanghai]

目的

了解上海地区中性粒细胞缺乏（粒缺）伴发热血液病患者致病细菌的分布及耐药情况。

方法

回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月上海市12家医院血液科粒缺伴发热住院患者的临床分离菌株，用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验，WHONET 5.6软件分析病原菌分布及药敏数据。

结果

从上海地区粒缺伴发热患者中共分离出1 260株细菌，其中革兰阳性菌420株（33.3%），革兰阴性菌840株（66.7%）。排在前七位的分别是肺炎克雷伯菌158株（12.5%）、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌120株（9.5%）、大肠埃希菌115株（9.1%）、铜绿假单胞菌109株（8.7%）、鲍曼不动杆菌83株（6.6%）、金黄色葡萄球菌70株（5.6%）和屎肠球菌63株（5.0%）。呼吸道分泌物标本中，非发酵菌占56.2%（350/623）。其中嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌占15.3%（95/623）。血液标本中，肠杆菌科细菌占42.3%（104/246），凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌占34.6%（85/246）。脓液标本中肠杆菌科细菌占39.4%（76/193），肠球菌属细菌占28.5%（55/193）。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）的检出率分别为54.3%和82.5%，未发现耐利奈唑胺、万古霉素、替考拉宁葡萄球菌属菌株，耐万古霉素屎肠球菌的检出率为8.9%，肠球菌属未检出耐利奈唑胺的菌株。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类药物高度敏感。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率已分别达34.1%和15.8%。嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对米诺环素、左氧氟沙星、复方磺胺甲恶唑等药物敏感。鲍曼不动杆菌仅对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率低于10.0%。肺炎克雷伯菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌等革兰阴性菌对大多常用抗菌药物的耐药率低于CHINET监测的数据。

结论

粒缺伴感染患者常见感染部位致病菌株分布有其特点，细菌耐药率整体低于CHINET全国医院大样本监测。