Note on two-channel transmission of information

Ss were provided with information in 3 modes, visual, auditory, and visual-auditory combined. Two-channel presentation was no more effective than one channel alone.

Effect of hydrogen ion changes on vascular resistance in isolated artery segments

Isolated arterial segments, 1 cm in length and 0.5–1.0 mm in diameter, were perfused with Tyrode's solution titrated to various levels of pH. Po2, Pco2, and temperature were held at physiological levels; the perfusion pressure was held at 100 mm Hg, and flow was measured by a drop counter. There was a linear increase in flow as the pH was decreased from 7.4, 0.05 units at a time, with an increase of 87% obtained at pH 7.15. As the pH was further decreased, the flow dropped until at pH 6.8 it leveled off slightly above control level. When the pH was raised, there was an initial 35% decrease in flow by the time pH 7.50 was reached, followed by an increase, reaching 50% above control level at 7.65. At still higher pHs a precipitous decrease in conductance occurred, flow leveling off slightly below control level at pH 7.80. Consistent results were obtained on 45 vessels using Tyrode's solution titrated to the desired pH with lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxides, or sodium bicarbonate. These results indicate that vessels have a very narrow pH range in which they maintain physiological tone.