[Safety evaluation of mass inoculation of 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among elderly people aged 60 and above in Shanghai from 2013 to 2017]

Objective: To evaluate the safety of 23 Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV23) among eldly people aged 60 and above in Shanghai. Methods: A total of 1 310 660 monitoring data of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of PPV23 among people aged 60 and above were collected through the National AEFI Surveillance System from September 14, 2013 to December 31, 2017 in Shanghai. And the descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis. Results: 433 cases of AEFI were reported from September 14, 2013 to December 31, 2017, with the incidence rate of AEFI was 33.04/100 000 doses. The general reactions were reported as 392 cases (90.53%), with 17 cases of abnormal reactions (3.93%), 23 cases of coincidences (5.31%) and 1 case of psychogenic reactions (0.23%). The reported incidence rates of general reactions and abnormal reactions of free PPV23 inoculation among elderly people in urban areas were 41.31 per 100 000 doses and 1.91/100 000 doses, respectively, which were higher than those in suburban areas (24.18/100 000 doses, 1.32/100 000 doses) and exurban areas (27.84/100 000 doses, 0.59/100 000 doses). The reported incidence rate of general reaction in females (35.38/100 000 doses) was higher than that in males (24.06/100 000 doses), and the reported incidence rate of abnormal reaction in males (1.58/100 000 doses) was higher than that in females (1.03/100 000 doses). The reported incidence rates of general and abnormal reactions were the highest in 60-64 years old group (62.65/100 000 doses and 4.87/100 000 doses, respectively). In addition, all patients with general reactions or abnormal reactions were better or cured. Conclusion: PPV23 vaccination is safe among people aged 60 and above in Shanghai.

[Predictive factors of poor prognosis in children with acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy]

Objective: To investigate the predictive factors of poor prognosis in children with acute kidney injury (AKI) treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT). Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, the clinical data were collected from 134 pediatric patients (82 male, 52 female) with AKI treated with RRT in six tertiary hospitals from May 2015 to June 2018. According to the serum creatinine level at discharge, the patients were divided into the favorable outcome group and unfavorable outcome group. The data of sex, age, primary diseases, AKI stage, time from diagnosis of AKI to start of RRT (h) and whether to start RRT within 24 hours, urine volume and complications between the two groups were compared. Continuous variables were compared by t test and Mann-Whitney U test, and percentage or proportions were compared by Chi square test. The predictive factors of adverse prognosis were analyzed by using univariate and unconditional binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The average age of the 134 AKI patients was (6±4) years. There were 114 patients (85.0%) in the favorable outcome group and 20 patients (15.0%) in the unfavorable outcome group. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of sex (χ(2)=2.596, P=0.107), age (t=0.718, P=0.474), primary disease (χ(2)=2.076, P=0.722), AKI stage (χ(2)=0.004, P=0.998), time from diagnosis of AKI to start RRT (h) (P=0.745), whether to start RRT within 24 hours (χ(2)=0.016, P=0.899), urine volume (χ(2)=3.118, P=0.374), fluid overload (χ(2)=0.014, P=0.905), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (χ(2)=2.972, P=0.085), acidosis (χ(2)=3.204, P=0.073), hyperkalemia (χ(2)=2.829, P=0.093), the level of blood urea nitrogen (t=1.351, P=0.179) and serum creatinine (P=0.901) at the beginning of RRT. In the unfavorable outcome group, the proportion of patients with mechanical ventilation (45.0% (9/20) vs. 12.3% (14/114), χ(2)=12.811, P<0.01) and the incidence of extra organ injury (≥3) (30.0% (6/20) vs. 10.5% (12/114), χ(2)=6.365, P=0.041) were higher than those in the favorable outcome group. Logistic regression analysis showed that mechanical ventilation (OR=12.540, 95%CI: 3.376-46.577, P<0.01) and hyperkalemia (OR=4.611, 95%CI: 1.265-16.805, P=0.021) were the predictive factors of poor prognosis in patients with AKI treated with RRT. Conclusion: Mechanical ventilation and hyperkalemia may predict a poor prognosis in AKI patients treated with RRT.

Effects of long non-coding RNA URHC on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of colorectal cancer cells

The article "Effects of long non-coding RNA URHC on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of colorectal cancer cells, by Z.-G. Gu, G.-H. Shen, J.-H. Lang, W.-X. Huang, Z.-H. Qian, J. Qiu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22 (6): 1658-1664-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201803_14577-PMID: 29630109" has been withdrawn from the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/14577.

Cosmetic approach selection in parotidectomy for benign parotid gland tumour according to its location

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and aesthetic results when comparing two cosmetic approaches that were employed in parotidectomy according to the tumour location with the traditional Blair approach.

DESIGN

Retrospective study.

SETTING

Tertiary Referral Centre.

PATIENTS

Seventy-six patients were included in the study.

RESULTS

The degree of satisfaction with the cosmetic incision approach was significantly higher than that with the traditional Blair approach. The incidence of transient facial paralysis and salivary fistula were not statistically significant when compared with those in the traditional incision in 6-month follow-up post-operatively.

DISCUSSION

Conventional parotidectomy using the traditional Blair incision (or its modification) usually leaves a visible scar in this region, which can have major adverse impacts on the social or psychological well-being of an individual. To achieve better aesthetic results, according to the location of the benign parotid tumour, two formal cosmetic approach incisions could be performed in parotidectomy, which was superior to the traditional Blair incision. The authors propose that these two cosmetic approaches for parotidectomy can be both technically feasible and safe.

The effect of acetylation on the protein stability of BmApoLp-III in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Acetylation is an important, reversible posttranslational modification to a protein. In a previous study, we found that there were a large number of acetylated sites in various nutrient storage proteins of the silkworm haemolymph. In this study, we confirmed that acetylation can affect the stability of nutrient storage protein Bombyx mori apolipophorin-III (BmApoLp-III). First, the expression of BmApoLp-III could be upregulated when BmN cells were treated with the deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589); similarly, the expression was downregulated when the cells were treated with the acetylase inhibitor C646. Furthermore, the increase in acetylation by LBH589 could inhibit the degradation and improve the accumulation of BmApoLp-III in BmN cells treated with cycloheximide and MG132 respectively. Moreover, we found that an increase in acetylation could decrease the ubiquitination of BmApoLp-III and vice versa; therefore, we predicted that acetylation could improve the stability of BmApoLp-III by competing for ubiquitination and inhibiting the protein degradation pathway mediated by ubiquitin. Additionally, BmApoLp-III had an antiapoptosis function that increased after LBH589 treatment, which might have been due to the improved protein stability after acetylation. These results have laid the foundation for further study on the mechanism of acetylation in regulating the storage and utilization of silkworm nutrition.

A unified local objective function for optimally selecting SNPs on arrays for agricultural genomics applications

Over the years, ad-hoc procedures were used for designing SNP arrays, but the procedures and strategies varied considerably case by case. Recently, a multiple-objective, local optimization (MOLO) algorithm was proposed to select SNPs for SNP arrays, which maximizes the adjusted SNP information (E score) under multiple constraints, e.g. on MAF, uniformness of SNP locations (U score), the inclusion of obligatory SNPs and the number and size of gaps. In the MOLO, each chromosome is split into equally spaced segments and local optima are selected as the SNPs having the highest adjusted E score within each segment, conditional on the presence of obligatory SNPs. The computation of the adjusted E score, however, is empirical, and it does not scale well between the uniformness of SNP locations and SNP informativeness. In addition, the MOLO objective function does not accommodate the selection of uniformly distributed SNPs. In the present study, we proposed a unified local function for optimally selecting SNPs, as an amendment to the MOLO algorithm. This new local function takes scalable weights between the uniformness and informativeness of SNPs, which allows the selection of SNPs under varied scenarios. The results showed that the weighting between the U and the E scores led to a higher imputation concordance rate than the U score or E score alone. The results from the evaluation of six commercial bovine SNP chips further confirmed this conclusion.

Hepatitis B virus infection status is not associated with poor prognosis in classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients

Few studies focused on the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). This study was to evaluate the impact of HBV infection on the treatment outcome and survival of cHL patients. Clinical data of 352 cHL patients treated with ABVD regimen (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine) between January 2002 and January 2018 were retrospectively collected. According to HBV infection status, the patients were divided into three groups: with HBV infection [hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive], with past HBV infection [HBsAg-negative but anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc)-positive], and without HBV infection (HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc-negative). The incidence of HBV infection and past HBV infection in cHL patients were 7.4% (26/352) and 16.5% (58/352), respectively. The median age of patients without HBV infection was lower than those in other two groups (p<0.001). The complete remission rates after first-line therapy were different among 3 groups (65.4% for the group with HBV infection, 87.9% for the group with past HBV infection, and 76.1% for the group without HBV infection, respectively, p=0.049). After a median follow-up of 34.6 months, the 3-year progression-free survival rates for the three groups were 69%, 74% and 80%, respectively (p=0.566) and the 3-year overall survival rates were 72%, 91% and 87%, respectively (p=0.096). No HBV reactivation was observed during chemotherapy among 3 groups, but 1 patient in the group with HBV infection experienced delayed HBV reactivation when prophylactic entecavir was discontinued 12 months after the last cycle of chemotherapy. HBV infection status did not affect the clinical outcome and prognosis of cHL patients, especially in the era of prophylactic antiviral therapy.

Effects of long non-coding RNA URHC on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of colorectal cancer cells

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA URHC on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of colorectal cancer cells.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The expression of lncRNA-URHC in tissues and cells was tested by Real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of lncRNA-URHC was down-regulated by RNA interference (siRNA). The Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the interference efficiency. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and transwell were used to detect the effect of lncRNA-URHC on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. The effect of lncRNA-URHC on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers was detected by Western blot.

RESULTS

LncRNA-URHC expression was significantly increased in colorectal cancer cells compared with normal cells, and the expression of lncRNA-URHC in colorectal cancer cells was higher than that in the normal cell. After down-regulated the expression of lncRNA-URHC, the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells were decreased, while cells apoptosis was promoted. Down-regulation of lncRNA-URHC could enhance the expression of E-cadherin and reduce the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and snail.

CONCLUSIONS

Down-regulation of lncRNA-URHC can inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer.

A National study on the adoption of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in the elderly population: current state and value proposition

BACKGROUND

The economic and clinical benefits of laparoscopic colorectal surgery are proven, yet may be underutilized in appropriate cases, especially in the elderly. Since the elderly constitute the greatest colorectal surgical volume, our goal was to identify trends in utilization and impact of laparoscopy in this cohort.

METHODS

A national review of elective inpatient colorectal resections from the Premier Inpatient Database between 2010 and 2015 was performed. Patients were included if elderly (≥ 65 years), then grouped into open or laparoscopic procedures. The main outcome measures were trends in utilization by approach and total costs for the episode of care, length of stay (LOS), readmission, and complications by approach in the elderly. Multivariable regression models controlled for differences across platforms, adjusting for patient demographic, comorbidities and hospital characteristics.

RESULTS

In 70,655 elderly patients evaluated, laparoscopic adoption remained lower than open throughout the study period. Rates increased until 2013, then declined, with increasing rates of open surgery. Laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower mean total costs ($4012 less/case), complications and readmissions (36% and 33% less, respectively), and shorter LOS (2.6 less days) than open cases (all p < 0.0001). When complications occurred, they were less severe and the readmission episodes were less costly with laparoscopy than open colorectal surgery.

CONCLUSION

The adoption of laparoscopy in the elderly has lagged behind open surgery and even declined in recent years despite being associated with improved clinical outcomes and reduced cost. With this tremendous value proposition to increase use of laparoscopic surgery in the elderly, further work needs to evaluate root causes of the disparity.

P1890Pioglitazone inhibits diabetes-induced atrial mitochondrial oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and function through the PGC-1 signaling pathway

Background

Oxidative stress contributes to adverse atrial remodeling in diabetes mellitus. This can be prevented by the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Purpose

In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated.

Methods

Rabbits were randomly divided into control (C), diabetic (DM), and pioglitazone-treated DM (Pio) groups. Echocardiographic, hemodynamic, electrophysiological, intracellular Ca2+ properties were measured. Serum PPAR-γ levels, serum and tissue oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, mitochondrial morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rate, respiratory function, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels were measured. Protein expression of pro-fibrotic marker transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and the mitochondrial proteins (PGC-1α, fission and fusion-related proteins) were measured.

Results

Compared with controls, the DM group demonstrated larger left atrial diameter and fibrosis area associated with a higher incidence of inducible AF. Lower serum PPAR-γ level was associated with lower PGC-1α, higher NF-κB and higher TGF-β1 expression. Mn-SOD protein was not different but lower mitochondrial fission- and fusion-related proteins were detected. Mitochondrial swelling, higher mitochondrial ROS, lower respiratory control rate, lower MMP and higher intracellular Ca2+ transients were observed. In the Pio group, reversal of structural remodeling and lower inducible AF incidence were associated with higher PPAR-γ and PGC-1α. NF-κB and TGF-β1 were lower and biogenesis, fission and fusion-related protein were higher. Mitochondrial structure and function, and intracellular Ca2+ transients were improved. In HL-1 cell line, transfected with PGC-1α siRNA blunted the effect of pioglitazone on Mn-SOD protein expression and MMP collapse in H2O2-treated cells.

Conclusion

Diabetes mellitus induces adverse atrial structural and electrophysiological remodeling, abnormal Ca2+ handling and mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Pioglitazone prevented these abnormalities through the PPAR-γ/PGC-1α pathway.

Acknowledgement/Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 81570298, 81270245, 30900618 to T.L.)

[Outcomes of patients treated with drug-coated balloons for de novo large coronary vessels]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloons (DCB) for de novo large coronary vessels. Methods: One hundred and two patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study, there were 104 lesions with the reference lumen diameter of target vessel more than 2.8 mm and patients were treated with DCB in de novo lesions during May 2015 and July 2017 in our center. Coronary artery angiography and quantitative coronary angiography were performed in 82 (80.4%) patients at follow up period ((8.1±1.7) months post procedure). The endpoints were late lumen loss (LLL) at follow up,and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and stent or target lesion thrombosis at 12 months post procedure. Results: Ninety-eight lesions were treated with DCB only, 6 (5.9%) bailout drug-eluting stent (DES) were used because of severe coronary dissection, 2 patients (2.0%) received revascularization driven by acute ischemic events during hospitalization. Cutting balloons and NSE balloons were used in 65.4% (68/104) and 26.0% (27/104) lesions. The lesion length was (12.57±3.58) mm and the DCB length was (19.87±4.55) mm. The late lumen loss was (0.01±0.52) mm during angiographic follow up. The TLR rate and overall MACE rate was 3.9% (4/102) and 3.9% (4/102) and there was no death,MI and target lesion thrombosis at 12 months follow up. Conclusion: DCB treatment for de novo large coronary vessels is effective and safe.

Evaluation of genotyping concordance for commercial bovine SNP arrays using quality-assurance samples

SNP arrays are widely used in genetic research and agricultural genomics applications, and the quality of SNP genotyping data is of paramount importance. In the present study, SNP genotyping concordance and discordance were evaluated for commercial bovine SNP arrays based on two types of quality assurance (QA) samples provided by Neogen GeneSeek. The genotyping discordance rates (GDRs) between chips were on average between 0.06% and 0.37% based on the QA type I data and between 0.05% and 0.15% based on the QA type II data. The average genotyping error rate (GER) pertaining to single SNP chips, based on the QA type II data, varied between 0.02% and 0.08% per SNP and between 0.01% and 0.06% per sample. These results indicate that genotyping concordance rate was high (i.e. from 99.63% to 99.99%). Nevertheless, mitochondrial and Y chromosome SNPs had considerably elevated GDRs and GERs compared to the SNPs on the 29 autosomes and X chromosome. The majority of genotyping errors resulted from single allotyping errors, which also included the opposite instances for allele 'dropout' (i.e. from AB to AA or BB). Simultaneous allotyping errors on both alleles (e.g. mistaking AA for BB or vice versa) were relatively rare. Finally, a list of SNPs with a GER greater than 1% is provided. Interpretation of association effects of these SNPs, for example in genome-wide association studies, needs to be taken with caution. The genotyping concordance information needs to be considered in the optimal design of future bovine SNP arrays.

Abstract P2-01-20: LAP2alpha, a novel tumor marker candidate is related to metastasis of breast cancer

Background: To date, there is no suitable serum marker for diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. In our early research, a new tumor marker candidate of breast cancer whose molecular weight was 5.6 kDa was screened from serum using mass spectrometry technology. It was decoded to be a fragment of isoform alpha of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2α). The survival analysis revealed that LAP2α was over-expressed in breast cancer patients and indicated poor prognosis.

Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to evaluate LAP2α expression in paired primary breast tumor, metastasis of axillary lymph node and ipsilateral normal breast tissue of 29 breast cancer patients. An inhibition plasmid vector of LAP2α-small hairpin RNA (LAP2α-shRNA) was constructed and transfected into MCF-7 cells. The abilities of cell proliferation and metastasis were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The association of LAP2α with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was determined by western blot.

Results: LAP2α expression of paired tissue descended in order of metastasis of axillary lymph node (21/29, 72.4%), primary breast tumor (11/29, 37.9%) and ipsilateral normal breast tissue (4/29, 13.8%) (P&lt;0.05 in comparisons between each two groups). CCK-8 experiments on transfected and control cells showed that inhibition of LAP2α could not influence cell proliferation. Transwell and matrigel-transwell assays indicated that inhibition of LAP2α could significantly reduce cell migration and invasion abilities. In vivo experiments utilizing subcutaneous xenograft model and tail vein-injection mouse model revealed that the down-regulation of LAP2α might suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. Western blot suggested that down regulation of LAP2α increased the E-cadherin expression level but repressed N-cadherin and vimentin expression levels.

Conclusions: A novel tumor marker candidate, LAP2α is related to metastasis of breast cancer both in clinical samples and tissue culture experiments. Inhibition of LAP2α could suppress aggressiveness and metastasis of breast cancer probably via EMT suppression.

Funding: The Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (No. LY14H160030 and LY13H160011), the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program; No. 2014CB542003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30801341) and Zheng Shu Elite Scholarship for Clinical Medicine.

Citation Format: Hu Y, Qiu J, Zhou M, Li X, Huang Y. LAP2alpha, a novel tumor marker candidate is related to metastasis of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-20.