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Campbell JA, Dickson JS, Cordray JC, Olson D, Mendonca AF, Prusa KJ. Survival of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during commercial heat treatment of slab bacon and consumer preparation of sliced bacon. J Food Prot 2014; 77:83-6. [PMID: 24406002 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the knowledge that retail pork products may be contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the risk of consumers contracting a MRSA infection or foodborne illness from processed meats, especially bacon, is uncertain. Therefore, a study was designed to investigate the survival of MRSA during heat treatment of slab bacon at a commercial process and during cooking of sliced bacon at the consumer level. Fresh pork bellies were injected with a curing solution, inoculated, and heat treated to an internal temperature of 52°C. Three commercial brands of sliced bacon with similar "sell by" dates and fat-to-lean ratios were also inoculated and cooked at a temperature of 177°C for 0, 2, and 5 min on each side. Heat-treated slab bacon showed a log reduction of 1.89, which was significant (P < 0.05) compared with an uncooked inoculated control. Cooked sliced bacon had a reduction of viable MRSA cells of >6.5 log CFU/cm(2), and there was not a significant brand interaction (P > 0.05).
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Campbell JA, Dickson JS, Cordray JC, Olson DG, Mendonca AF, Prusa KJ. Survival of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during thermal processing of frankfurters, summer sausage, and ham. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 11:50-4. [PMID: 24320798 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections from antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major concern for human health professionals around the world. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is just one of the resistant organisms of concern. MRSA prevalence has also been recently reported in retail meat products at rates higher than originally thought. Although the risk of contracting an infection from handling contaminated meat products is thought to be low, very little is known about this organism from a food safety perspective. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of MRSA during thermal processing of frankfurters, summer sausage, and boneless ham. Frankfurters, summer sausage, and boneless ham were manufactured using formulations and processing procedures developed at the Iowa State University meat laboratory. Thermal processing resulted in a significant log reduction (p<0.05) for boneless ham, summer sausage, and frankfurters when compared to uncooked, positive controls for each of the three processed meat products. All products were thermally processed to an internal temperature of 70°C and promptly cooled to 7.2°C. Boneless ham showed the highest log reduction (7.28 logs) from cooking, followed by summer sausage (6.75 logs) and frankfurters (5.53 logs). The results of this study indicate that thermal processing of ham, summer sausage, and frankfurters to 70°C is sufficient to reduce the risk of MRSA as a potential food safety hazard.
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Ochoa-Ochoa LM, Campbell JA, Flores-Villela OA. Patterns of richness and endemism of the Mexican herpetofauna, a matter of spatial scale? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Campbell JA, Jr EDB, Blancas-Hernández JC, Smith EN. Another New Salamander of the GenusPseudoeuryceafrom the State of Guerrero, Mexico. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-13-00026.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Schargel WE, Lamar WW, Passos P, Valencia JH, Cisneros DF, Campbell JA. A new giant Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Ecuador, with notes on some other large Amazonian congeners. Zootaxa 2013; 3721:455-74. [PMID: 26120686 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3721.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new species of Atractus from Cordillera de los Guacamayos in the Andes of Ecuador. This new species is the largest known species of Atractus, reaching almost 120 cm in total length with a robust habitus. We also use multivariate statistical analyses of morphometric data to look into the taxonomic confusion involving other large, banded/blotched, species of Atractus in Western Amazonia. We show that A. snethlageae has a widespread distribution in Amazonia and has been repeatedly confused with A. major in Ecuador owing to its color polymorphism. Our multivariate statistical analyses support previous suggestions to recognize A. snethlageae as a distinct species relative to A. flammigerus. Taxonomic accounts are provided for both A. major and A. snethlageae including detailed color pattern descriptions. We also find that there are no valid morphological differences to support recognizing A. arangoi as a separate species from A. major; consequently we synonymize the former name with the latter.
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Streicher JW, Cox CL, Campbell JA, Smith EN, de Sá RO. Rapid range expansion in the Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad (Gastrophryne olivacea) and a revised taxonomy for North American microhylids. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 64:645-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Castoe TA, Streicher JW, Meik JM, Ingrasci MJ, Poole AW, de Koning APJ, Campbell JA, Parkinson CL, Smith EN, Pollock DD. Thousands of microsatellite loci from the venomous coralsnake Micrurus fulvius and variability of select loci across populations and related species. Mol Ecol Resour 2012; 12:1105-13. [PMID: 22938699 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies of population genetics increasingly use next-generation DNA sequencing to identify microsatellite loci in nonmodel organisms. There are, however, relatively few studies that validate the feasibility of transitioning from marker development to experimental application across populations and species. North American coralsnakes of the Micrurus fulvius species complex occur in the United States and Mexico, and little is known about their population structure and phylogenetic relationships. This absence of information and population genetics markers is particularly concerning because they are highly venomous and have important implications on human health. To alleviate this problem in coralsnakes, we investigated the feasibility of using 454 shotgun sequences for microsatellite marker development. First, a genomic shotgun library from a single individual was sequenced (approximately 7.74 megabases; 26,831 reads) to identify potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci (PALs). We then hierarchically sampled 76 individuals from throughout the geographic distribution of the species complex and examined whether PALs were amplifiable and polymorphic. Approximately half of the loci tested were readily amplifiable from all individuals, and 80% of the loci tested for variation were variable and thus informative as population genetic markers. To evaluate the repetitive landscape characteristics across multiple snakes, we also compared microsatellite content between the coralsnake and two other previously sampled snakes, the venomous copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) and Burmese python (Python molurus).
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Cox CL, Streicher JW, Sheehy CM, Campbell JA, Chippindale PT. Patterns of Genetic Differentiation Among Populations of Smilisca fodiens. HERPETOLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-11-00064.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jadin RC, Townsend JH, Castoe TA, Campbell JA. Cryptic diversity in disjunct populations of Middle American Montane Pitvipers: a systematic reassessment of Cerrophidion godmani. ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cox CL, Davis Rabosky AR, Reyes-Velasco J, Ponce-Campos P, Smith EN, Flores-Villela O, Campbell JA. Molecular systematics of the genusSonora(Squamata: Colubridae) in central and western Mexico. SYST BIODIVERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2012.666293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Murray TK, Campbell JA. A COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL METHODS WITH BIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF VITAMIN A. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1953.tb14063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Campbell JA. Effects of Precipitated Silica and of Iron Oxide on the Incidence of Primary Lung Tumours in Mice. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 2:275-80. [PMID: 20783265 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4156.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Campbell JA. Lung Tumours in Mice. Incidence as affected by Inhalation of Certain Carcinogenic Agents and Some Dusts. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:217-21. [PMID: 20784098 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4232.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hill L, Campbell JA. OBSERVATIONS ON THE RESTING METABOLISM OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS IN SWITZERLAND. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:385-6. [PMID: 20770632 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3193.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Campbell JA. Case of Perityphlitic Abscess: With Remarks. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 1:385. [PMID: 20745837 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.485.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Malic N, Campbell JA, Ali AS, Francis CL, Evans RA. Fast switching immobilized photochromic dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Malic N, Campbell JA, Ali AS, York M, D’Souza A, Evans RA. Controlling Molecular Mobility in Polymer Matrices: Synchronizing Switching Speeds of Multiple Photochromic Dyes. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101051m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anzueto V R, Campbell JA. Guatemalan Beaded Lizard (Heloderma horridum charlesbogerti) on the Pacific Versant of Guatemala. SOUTHWEST NAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1894/gc-204.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Holmes RL, Campbell JA, Burford RP, Karatchevtseva I. Pyrolysis behaviour of titanium dioxide–poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) composite materials. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Campbell JA, Blancas-Hernández JC, Smith EN. A New Species of Stream-breeding Treefrog of the Genus Charadrahyla (Hylidae) from the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, Mexico. COPEIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1643/ch-08-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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75
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Tweed JL, Campbell JA, Thompson RJ, Curran MJ. The function of the midtarsal joint: a review of the literature. Foot (Edinb) 2008; 18:106-12. [PMID: 20307420 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The midtarsal joint (MTJt) consists of the combined articulations of the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints and represents the functional articulation between the rearfoot (talus and calcaneus) and the midfoot (navicular and cuboid). The movement of the transverse tarsal region has been described as a segment rotating around two distinct axes of the MTJt; the longitudinal and the oblique. Recent research has suggested that the two axes model of the MTJt is a theory of convenience to explain clinical observation, and that the MTJt moves in a more complex manner. It has been hypothesised that the MTJt has one triplanar axis of motion, so there remains the need to investigate the practical application of this understanding in terms of how this motion affects the MTJt in gait and the implications this may have on podiatric treatment.
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