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Kainuma S, Nakajima K, Miyagawa S, Fukushima S, Saito A, Harada A, Hirota M, Miyazaki Y, Sawabata N, Watabe T, Watabe H, Toda K, Hatazawa J, Okumura M, Sawa Y. Novel regenerative therapy combined with transphrenic peritoneoscopy-assisted omentopexy. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 26:993-1001. [PMID: 29360997 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously reported that cell sheet transplantation combined with an omentopexy (OP) procedure is more effective for repairing heart damage when compared with cell sheet transplantation alone. However, a simultaneous (conventional) laparotomy as part of the OP may adversely affect the general condition of critically ill heart failure patients who would otherwise benefit from cell sheet transplantation, which is a paradox to be reconciled before this treatment can be applied in a clinical setting. We devised a novel endoscopic approach termed 'transphrenic peritoneoscopy' (TPP) for minimal access to abdominal organs from the thoracic cavity. Herein, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of TPP with an OP in a porcine myocardial infarction model. METHODS Myocardial infarction was induced in 4 mini pigs by placing an ameroid constrictor around the left anterior descending artery. One month later, a left thoracotomy was performed in 2 randomly selected mini pigs, and a laparoscopic port was placed on the left diaphragm to gain access into the abdominal cavity. Using a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum, a flexible gastrointestinal endoscope was advanced, then the omentum was partially grasped with endoscopic forceps and brought back into the thoracic cavity via the diaphragm. Skeletal myoblast cell sheets were then implanted over the impaired myocardium, followed by placing the omentum over the sheets. RESULTS TPP-assisted OP was accomplished in 2 post-myocardial infarction mini pigs with severe heart failure with an intra-abdominal pressure ≤8 mmHg within 30 min (22 and 27 min, respectively). Necropsy findings revealed a viable omentum flap and pedicle in both animals, with no evidence of procedure-related complications. Angiographic and histological analyses confirmed vessel communication between the omentum and the left ventricle. CONCLUSIONS Our TPP approach was shown to be feasible and safe with a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum, while the omentum flap was durable. This successful combination of techniques may provide less-invasive endoscopic intervention and regenerative therapy.
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Soeda F, Watabe T, Naka S, Liu Y, Horitsugi G, Neels OC, Kopka K, Tatsumi M, Shimosegawa E, Giesel FL, Hatazawa J. Impact of 18F-PSMA-1007 Uptake in Prostate Cancer Using Different Peptide Concentrations: Preclinical PET/CT Study on Mice. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1594-1599. [PMID: 30902876 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.223479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PET radioligands with low molar activity (MA) may underestimate the quantity of the target of interest because of competitive binding of the target with unlabeled ligand. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in the whole-body distribution of 18F-PSMA-1007 targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) when solutions with different peptide concentrations are used. Methods: Mouse xenograft models of LNCaP (PSMA-positive prostate cancer) (n = 18) were prepared and divided into 3 groups according to the peptide concentration injected: a high-MA group (1,013 ± 146 GBq/μmol; n = 6), a medium-MA group (100.7 ± 23.1 GBq/μmol; n = 6), and a low-MA group (10.80 ± 2.84 GBq/μmol; n = 6). Static PET scans were performed 1 h after injection (scan duration, 10 min). SUVmean in tumor and normal organs was compared by the multiple-comparison test. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were performed to confirm expression of PSMA in tumor, salivary gland, and kidney. Results: The low-MA group (SUVmean, 1.12 ± 0.30) showed significantly lower uptake of 18F-PSMA-1007 in tumor than did the high-MA group (1.97 ± 0.77) and the medium-MA group (1.81 ± 0.57). On the other hand, in salivary gland, both the low-MA group (SUVmean, 0.24 ± 0.04) and the medium-MA group (0.57 ± 0.08) showed significantly lower uptake than the high MA group (1.27 ± 0.28). The tumor-to-salivary gland SUVmean ratio was 1.73 ± 0.55 in the high-MA group, 3.16 ± 0.86 in the medium-MA group, and 4.78 ± 1.29 in the low-MA group. The immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis revealed significant overexpression of PSMA in tumor and low expression in salivary gland and kidney. Conclusion: A decrease in the MA level of the injected 18F-PSMA-1007 solution resulted in decreased uptake in tumor and, to a greater degree, in normal salivary gland. Thus, there is a possibility of minimizing the adverse effects in salivary gland by setting an appropriate MA level in PSMA-targeting therapy.
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Suzuki H, Tanaka H, Washiya N, Tatsuta M, Sato Y, Kaizuka Y, Watanabe S, Uehara T, Ishioka N, Shirakami Y, Ooe K, Toyoshima A, Watabe T, Hatazawa J, Arano Y. Radiohalogenated Neopentyl Derivatives: A Novel Scaffold for Radioiodinated and astatinated Compounds of High Stability to In Vivo Dehalogenation. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ooe K, Watabe T, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Liu Y, Shirakami Y, Toyoshima A, Shimosegawa E, Fukuda M, Shinohara A, Hatazawa J. Increased Uptake of At-211 in Thyroid Gland by the Preparation with Ascorbic Acid for Targeted Alpha Therapy of Thyroid Cancer. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Watabe T, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Liu Y, Shirakami Y, Ooe K, Toyoshima A, Shimosegawa E, Fukuda M, Shinohara A, Hatazawa J. Enhancement of 211At Uptake via the Sodium Iodide Symporter by the Addition of Ascorbic Acid in Targeted α-Therapy of Thyroid Cancer. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1301-1307. [PMID: 30796173 PMCID: PMC6735285 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.222638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
211At is an α-emitter that has similar chemical properties to iodine and is used in targeted α-therapy. In the present study, we added ascorbic acid (AA) to 211At solution to increase the radiochemical purity of astatide and evaluated its efficacy against differentiated thyroid cancer, which is characterized by the expression of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). Methods: Crude 211At solution (AA(-)) and 211At solution treated with AA (AA(+)) were prepared. Uptake by the thyroid was compared between the 2 solutions in normal male Wistar rats (n = 6). Cellular uptake in K1-NIS cells was analyzed under the AA(+) and AA(-) conditions. AA(+) was injected at 3 doses into K1-NIS xenograft mice: 1 MBq (n = 6), 0.4 MBq (n = 6), and 0.1 MBq (n = 6), and vehicle was injected into control mice (n = 6). The treatment effects were compared among the 4 groups. Results: Uptake by the thyroid was significantly enhanced in rats injected with the AA(+) as compared with those injected with AA(-). Cellular uptake analysis showed significantly increased uptake of 211At by the K1-NIS cells under the AA(+) condition as compared with the AA(-) condition. In the mouse xenograft model, the K1-NIS tumors showed significant accumulation of 211At at 3 and 24 h after administration (22.5 ± 10.4 and 12.9 ± 6.8 percentage injected dose, respectively). Tumor growth was immediately inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after administration of 211At. In the survival analysis, the 211At groups (0.1, 0.4, and 1 MBq) showed significantly better survival than the control group. Conclusion: Uptake of 211At was enhanced in differentiated thyroid cancer cells as well as the normal thyroid using 211At solution treated with AA. The method also showed dose-dependent efficacy against the K1-NIS xenografts, suggesting its potential applicability to targeted α-therapy.
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Kamiya T, Watabe T, Fujino K, Victor R, Kawamura Y, Isohashi K, Matsunaga K, Tatsumi M, Kato H, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Simplified Dynamic Phantom for Pediatric Renography: A Description of Instrument and its Performance. ASIA OCEANIA JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 7:38-48. [PMID: 30705910 PMCID: PMC6352048 DOI: 10.22038/aojnmb.2018.11803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Renography is used for the diagnostic evaluation of pediatric patients with a suspected obstruction of urinary tract or impaired renal function. The recommended dose for children have been released by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. Since acquisition counts in dynamic scintigraphy are affected by the administered doses and sensitivity of the scintillation camera, the scan procedure should be determined independently. In this study, we constructed simplified dynamic phantom imitating pediatric renography and tested its performance. Methods: Simplified dynamic phantom consisted of three components (i.e., infusion, imitated kidney, and drainage sections). The infusion rates (mL/min) were determined by comparing the time activity curves obtained from patients with normal renal function. The time-points of the maximum counts (Tmax), as well as the two-thirds and one-half of the maximum counts (T2/3 and T1/2) were measured in different doses using the phantom with the best-match infusion rate and duration, and low-energy general-purpose (LEGP) or low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimators and applying different attenuations. Results: The best-match infusion rates of the phantom to imitate the time activity curve of the normal renal function were 42.0, 1.0, 0.6, and 0.3 mL/min in the arterial, secretory, early-excretory, and late-excretory phases, respectively. When 30 MBq, LEHR collimator and non-water-equivalent phantom were applied, Tmax, T2/3, and T1/2 were 242±15.3, 220±10.0 and 317±25.2 seconds, respectively. Using LEGP collimator and (3 MBq of activity) 5-cm water-equivalent phantom, Tmax, T2/3, and T1/2 values were estimated as 242±5.8, 213±11.5, and 310±17.3 sec, respectively. Conclusion: Our simplified dynamic phantom for pediatric renography could imitate the time activity curves obtained from patients with normal renal function. Tmax, T2/3, and T1/2 could be measured under various settings of dose, collimator, and tissue attenuation.
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Hirata T, Kinoshita M, Tamari K, Seo Y, Suzuki O, Wakai N, Achiha T, Umehara T, Arita H, Kagawa N, Kanemura Y, Shimosegawa E, Hashimoto N, Hatazawa J, Kishima H, Teshima T, Ogawa K. RTHP-37. IMPACT OF 11C-METHIONINE/FDG DURAL TRACER PET-BASED, COMPARED WITH MRI-BASED TARGET DELINEATION OF MALIGNANT GLIOMAS FOR RADIATION PLANNING. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hosomi S, Watabe T, Mori Y, Koyama Y, Adachi S, Hoshi N, Ohnishi M, Ogura H, Yoshioka Y, Hatazawa J, Yamashita T, Shimazu T. Inflammatory projections after focal brain injury trigger neuronal network disruption: An 18F-DPA714 PET study in mice. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:946-954. [PMID: 30312938 PMCID: PMC6178196 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneous pathology of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the exact mechanism of how initial brain damage leads to chronic inflammation and its effects on the whole brain remain unclear. Here, we report on long-term neuroinflammation, remote from the initial injury site, even after subsiding of the original inflammatory response, in a focal TBI mouse model. The use of translocator protein-positron emission tomography in conjunction with specialised magnetic resonance imaging modalities enabled us to visualize “previously undetected areas” of spreading inflammation after focal cortical injury. These clinically available modalities further revealed the pathophysiology of thalamic neuronal degeneration occurring as resident microglia sense damage to corticothalamic neuronal tracts and become activated. The resulting microglial activation plays a major role in prolonged inflammatory processes, which are deleterious to the thalamic network. In light of the association of this mechanism with neuronal tracts, we propose it can be termed “brain injury related inflammatory projection”. Our findings on multiple spatial and temporal scales provide insight into the chronic inflammation present in neurodegenerative diseases after TBI. TSPO-PET tomography enables the assessment of longitudinal neuronal inflammation Inflammatory responses at the cortical injury site diminish after about 1 week The ipsilateral thalamus exhibits remote neuroinflammation for up to 14 weeks Microglial activation is associated with remote chronic degeneration Inflammation expands to remote sites via damaged cortico-thalamic projections
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Beshr R, Isohashi K, Watabe T, Naka S, Horitsugi G, Romanov V, Kato H, Miyatake SI, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Preliminary feasibility study on differential diagnosis between radiation-induced cerebral necrosis and recurrent brain tumor by means of [ 18F]fluoro-borono-phenylalanine PET/CT. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:702-708. [PMID: 30194665 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A previous study reported that a differential diagnosis between glioblastoma progression and radiation necrosis by 4-borono-2-[18F]-fluoro-phenylalanine ([18F]FBPA) PET can be made based on lesion-to-normal ratio of [18F]FBPA accumulation. Two-dimensional data acquisition mode PET alone system, with in-plane resolution of 7.9 mm and axial resolution of 13.9 mm, was used. In the current study, we aimed to confirm the differential diagnostic capability of [18F]FBPA PET/CT with higher PET spatial resolution by three-dimensional visual inspection and by measuring mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), maximum SUV (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion (TL) [18F]FBPA uptake. METHODS Twelve patients of glioma (9), malignant meningioma (1), hemangiopericytoma (1), and metastatic brain tumor (1) were enrolled. All had preceding radiotherapy. High-resolution three-dimensional data acquisition mode PET/CT with in-plane resolution of 4.07 mm and axial resolution of 5.41 mm was employed for imaging. Images were three-dimensionally analyzed using the PMOD software. SUVmean and SUVmax of lesion and normal brain were measured. Lesion MTV and TL FBPA uptake were calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of [18F]FBPA PET/CT in detecting recurrence (n = 6) or necrosis (n = 6) was verified by clinical follow-up. RESULTS All parameters showed significantly higher values for tumor recurrence than for necrosis. SUVmean in recurrence was 2.95 ± 0.84 vs 1.18 ± 0.24 in necrosis (P = 0.014); SUVmax in recurrence was 4.63 ± 1.23 vs 1.93 ± 0.44 in necrosis (P = 0.014); MTV in recurrence was 44.92 ± 28.93 mL vs 10.66 ± 8.46 mL in necrosis (P = 0.032); and mean TL FBPA uptake in recurrence was 121.01 ± 50.48 g vs 12.36 ± 9.70 g in necrosis (P = 0.0029). CONCLUSION In this preliminary feasibility study, we confirmed the possibility of differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis in patients with irradiated brain tumors by [18F]FBPA PET/CT using indices of SUVmean, SUVmax, MTV, and TL 18FBPA uptake.
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Kanai Y, Miyake Y, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Radiosynthesis of 11C-phenytoin Using a DEGDEE Solvent for Clinical PET Studies. ASIA OCEANIA JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 6:149-154. [PMID: 29998148 PMCID: PMC6038967 DOI: 10.22038/aojnmb.2018.10846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug that is used worldwide. The whole-body pharmacokinetics of this drug have been extensively studied using 11C-phenytoin in small animals. However, because of the limited production amounts that are presently available, clinical 11C-phenytoin PET studies to examine the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in humans have not yet been performed. We aimed to establish a new synthesis method to produce large amounts of 11C-phenytoin to conduct human studies. Methods: [11C] methane was produced using an in-house cyclotron by the 14N (p, α) 11C nuclear reaction of 5 % of hydrogen containing 95 % of nitrogen gas. About 30 GBq of 11C-methane was then transferred to a homogenization cell containing Fe2O3 powder mixed with Fe granules heated at 320 0C to yield 11C-phosgene. Xylene, 1,4-dioxane, and diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEGDEE) were investigated as possible reaction solvents. Results: The ratio of 11C-phenytoin radioactivity to the total 11C radioactivity in the reaction vessel (reaction efficiency) was 7.5% for xylene, 11% for 1,4-dioxane, and 37% for DEGDEE. The synthesis time was within 45 min from the end of bombardment until obtaining the final product. The radioactivity produced was more than 4.1 GBq in 10 mL of saline at the end of synthesis. The specific activity of the product ranged from 1.7 to 2.2 GBq/μmol. The quality of the [11C] phenytoin injection passed all criteria required for clinical use. Conclusion: The use of DEGDEE as a solvent enabled the production of a large amount of 11C-phenytoin sufficient to enable PET studies examining the human pharmacokinetics of phenytoin.
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Yajima S, Miyagawa S, Fukushima S, Sakai Y, Isohashi K, Watabe T, Ikeda H, Horitsugi G, Harada A, Sakaniwa R, Hatazawa J, Sawa Y. A prostacyclin agonist and an omental flap increased myocardial blood flow in a porcine chronic ischemia model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:229-241.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Aoe J, Watabe T, Shimosegawa E, Kato H, Kanai Y, Naka S, Matsunaga K, Isohashi K, Tatsumi M, Hatazawa J. Evaluation of the default-mode network by quantitative 15O-PET: comparative study between cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:485-491. [PMID: 29934675 PMCID: PMC6061207 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has revealed the existence of a default-mode network (DMN) based on spontaneous oscillations of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. The BOLD signal reflects the deoxyhemoglobin concentration, which depends on the relationship between the regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). However, these two factors cannot be separated in BOLD rs-fMRI. In this study, we attempted to estimate the functional correlations in the DMN by means of quantitative 15O-labeled gases and water PET, and to compare the contribution of the CBF and CMRO2 to the DMN. Methods Nine healthy volunteers (5 men and 4 women; mean age, 47.0 ± 1.2 years) were studied by means of 15O-O2, 15O-CO gases and 15O-water PET. Quantitative CBF and CMRO2 images were generated by an autoradiographic method and transformed into MNI standardized brain template. Regions of interest were placed on normalized PET images according to the previous rs-fMRI study. For the functional correlation analysis, the intersubject Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for all pairs in the brain regions and correlation matrices were obtained for CBF and CMRO2, respectively. We defined r > 0.7 as a significant positive correlation and compared the correlation matrices of CBF and CMRO2. Results Significant positive correlations (r > 0.7) were observed in 24 pairs of brain regions for the CBF and 22 pairs of brain regions for the CMRO2. Among them, 12 overlapping networks were observed between CBF and CMRO2. Correlation analysis of CBF led to the detection of more brain networks as compared to that of CMRO2, indicating that the CBF can capture the state of the spontaneous activity with a higher sensitivity. Conclusions We estimated the functional correlations in the DMN by means of quantitative PET using 15O-labeled gases and water. The correlation matrix derived from the CBF revealed a larger number of brain networks as compared to that derived from the CMRO2, indicating that contribution to the functional correlation in the DMN is higher in the blood flow more than the oxygen consumption.
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Miyajima N, Ito M, Rokugawa T, Iimori H, Momosaki S, Omachi S, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J, Abe K. Detection of neuroinflammation before selective neuronal loss appearance after mild focal ischemia using [ 18F]DPA-714 imaging. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:43. [PMID: 29884977 PMCID: PMC5993708 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Translocator protein (TSPO) imaging can be used to detect neuroinflammation (including microglial activation) after acute cerebral infarction. However, longitudinal changes of TSPO binding after mild ischemia that induces selective neuronal loss (SNL) without acute infarction are not well understood. Here, we performed TSPO imaging with [18F]DPA-714 to determine the time course of neuroinflammation and SNL after mild focal ischemia. Results Mild focal ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 20 min. In MCAO rats without acute infarction investigated by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, in vitro ARG revealed a significant increase of [18F]DPA-714 binding in the ipsilateral striatum compared with that in the contralateral side at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after MCAO. Increased [18F]DPA-714 binding was observed in the cerebral cortex penumbra, reaching maximal values at 7 days after MCAO. Activation of striatal microglia and astrocytes was observed with immunohistochemistry of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at 2, 3, and 7 days after MCAO. SNL was investigated with Nissl staining and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunostaining and observed in the ischemic core region of the striatum on days 3 and 7 after MCAO. We confirmed that total distribution volume of [18F]DPA-714 in the ipsilateral striatum was significantly increased at 2 and 7 days after MCAO using positron emission tomography (PET). Conclusions [18F]DPA-714 binding measured with in vitro ARG was increased before SNL appeared, and this change was detected by in vivo PET. These findings suggest that TSPO PET imaging might be useful for detection of neuroinflammation leading to SNL after focal ischemia.
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Rokugawa T, Konishi H, Ito M, Iimori H, Nagai R, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J, Abe K. Evaluation of hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model mouse by 18F-FPP-RGD 2 PET. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:40. [PMID: 29855729 PMCID: PMC5981157 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which express integrin αvβ3, are a major fibrogenic factor in NASH pathophysiology. 18F-labeled cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid penta-peptide (18F-FPP-RGD2) has been used as a PET probe for tumors expressing integrin αvβ3. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of PET with 18F-FPP-RGD2 to detect hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model mice. Results Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice aged 6 weeks were fed a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) for 3 and 8 weeks. 18F-FPP-RGD2 PET imaging of the liver was performed at 3 and 8 weeks after CDAHFD feeding. After PET scanning, levels of hepatic integrin αvβ, 3α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen type 1 alpha 1(col1a1) were measured. Histopathological analysis of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as blood biochemistry analysis, was also performed. CDAHFD for 3 and 8 weeks produced a moderate-to-severe steatosis and inflammation of the liver in mice. NAFLD activity score (NAS) in mice fed the CDAHFD for 3 and 8 weeks were more than 4 indicating NASH or borderline NASH pathology. Fibrosis was observed only in mice fed the CDAHFD for 8 weeks. PET imaging showed that the hepatic standardized uptake value, SUV80–90 min, was increased with prolonged CDAHFD feeding compared with the respective controls (CDAHFD 3 weeks 0.32 ± 0.06 vs 0.48 ± 0.05, p < 0.01; CDAHFD 8 weeks 0.35 ± 0.04 vs 0.75 ± 0.07, p < 0.01, respectively). Prolonged CDAHFD feeding increased hepatic mRNA and protein levels of integrin αv and β3 at 3 and 8 weeks. Hepatic 18F-FPP-RGD2 uptake and amount of integrin αv and β3 protein were well correlated (r = 0.593, p < 0.05 and r = 0.835, p < 0.001, respectively). Hepatic 18F-FPP-RGD2 uptake also showed a positive correlation with Sirius red-positive area. Conclusions The hepatic uptake of 18F-FPP-RGD2 correlated well with integrin αv and β3 expression and histological fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH, suggesting the predictability of fibrosis in NASH pathology.
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Ikeda H, Hayashi Y, Takahashi N, Watabe T, Kanai Y, Shinohara A, Kato H, Watabe H, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Application of astatine-210: Evaluation of astatine distribution and effect of pre-injected iodide in whole body of normal rats. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 139:251-255. [PMID: 29870920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We proposed use of astatine-210 in preclinical study. Astatine-210 has higher yield of production and is easier to quantify than astatine-211. We produced astatine-210 with Bi target and 40 MeV alpha beam accelerated by cyclotron, free astatine-210 was separated and injected to normal rats. Three male rats (blocking group) were injected non-radioactive iodide before injection of astatine-210. Compared with the control group, the astatine-210 accumulations in the blocking group decreased to 24% in the thyroid.
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Hosono M, Ikebuchi H, Nakamura Y, Nakamura N, Yamada T, Yanagida S, Kitaoka A, Kojima K, Sugano H, Kinuya S, Inoue T, Hatazawa J. Manual on the proper use of lutetium-177-labeled somatostatin analogue (Lu-177-DOTA-TATE) injectable in radionuclide therapy (2nd ed.). Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:217-235. [PMID: 29333565 PMCID: PMC5852188 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we present the guideline for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors using Lu-177-DOTA-TATE on the basis of radiation safety aspects in Japan. This guideline was prepared by a study supported by Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and approved by Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. Lu-177-DOTA-TATE treatment in Japan should be carried out according to this guideline. Although this guideline is applied in Japan, the issues for radiation protection shown in this guideline are considered internationally useful as well. Only the original Japanese version is the formal document.
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Takano K, Kinoshita M, Arita H, Okita Y, Chiba Y, Kagawa N, Watanabe Y, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J, Hashimoto N, Fujimoto Y, Kishima H. Influence of region-of-interest designs on quantitative measurement of multimodal imaging of MR non-enhancing gliomas. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7934-7940. [PMID: 29725480 PMCID: PMC5920197 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have revealed the usefulness of multimodal imaging in gliomas. Although the results have been heavily affected by the method used for region of interest (ROI) design, the most discriminatory method for setting the ROI remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the most suitable ROI design for 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 11C-methionine (MET) positron emission tomography (PET), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fractional anisotropy (FA) obtained by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from the viewpoint of grades of non-enhancing gliomas. A total of 31 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed magnetic resonance (MR) non-enhancing gliomas who underwent FDG-PET, MET-PET and DTI were retrospectively investigated. Quantitative measurements were performed using four different ROIs; hotspot/tumor center and whole tumor, constructed in either two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D). Histopathological grading of the tumor was considered as empirical truth and the quantitative measurements obtained from each ROI was correlated with the grade of the tumor. The most discriminating ROI for non-enhancing glioma grading was different according to the different imaging modalities. 2D-hotspot/center ROI was most discriminating for FDG-PET (P=0.087), ADC map (P=0.0083), and FA map (P=0.25), whereas 3D-whole tumor ROI was best for MET-PET (P=0.0050). In the majority of scenarios, 2D-ROIs performed better than 3D-ROIs. Results from the image analysis using FDG-PET, MET-PET, ADC and FA may be affected by ROI design and the most discriminating ROI for non-enhancing glioma grading was different according to the imaging modality.
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Alobthani G, Romanov V, Isohashi K, Matsunaga K, Watabe T, Kato H, Tatsumi M, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in discrimination between indolent and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A study of 328 patients. HELLENIC JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2018; 21:7-14. [PMID: 29550841 DOI: 10.1967/s002449910701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases with inconclusive biopsy findings are not infrequently referred for fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). We searched for maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) cut-off values that could discriminate between indolent and aggressive NHL in conventional non-time of flight (non-TOF) 18F-FDG PET/CT and TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Retrospectively, 328 patients were selected by the following inclusion criteria: biopsy-proven NHL with no more than one histopathological type; new cases with less than 90 days between obtaining biopsy and 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning; recurrent cases with time interval more than six months since the last therapy with no history of transformation; and blood glucose less than 150mg/dL. Two hundred forty six (246) selected patients were scanned with non-TOF PET/CT, and 82 patients were scanned with TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT. RESULTS The SUVmax of NHL tends to be higher in TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT than non-TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT. New aggressive NHL had significantly higher SUVmax than new indolent NHL in both, non-TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT (13.6±7.7g/mL vs. 5.3±3.4g/mL, P<0.0001) and TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT (20.5±9.8g/mL vs. 6.6±4.7g/mL, P<0.0001). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for new cases in non-TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT (n=204), demonstrated SUVmax of 10g/mL as the most balanced cut-off between aggressive and indolent NHL, with the area under the curve (AUC) of 86%, specificity of 94%, and sensitivity of 71%. While SUVmax of 13g/mL was the most balanced cut-off for new cases in TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT (n=57), with AUC of 91%, specificity of 95.5%, and sensitivity of 77%. CONCLUSION Both SUVmax>10g/mL in non-TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT and >13g/mL in TOF 18F-FDG PET/CT were highly suggestive of an aggressive nature of NHL, while there was an overlap between indolent and aggressive NHL in the lower SUVmax levels.
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Matsuda H, Murata M, Mukai Y, Sako K, Ono H, Toyama H, Inui Y, Taki Y, Shimomura H, Nagayama H, Tateno A, Ono K, Murakami H, Kono A, Hirano S, Kuwabara S, Maikusa N, Ogawa M, Imabayashi E, Sato N, Takano H, Hatazawa J, Takahashi R. Japanese multicenter database of healthy controls for [ 123I]FP-CIT SPECT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:1405-1416. [PMID: 29478082 PMCID: PMC5993845 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-3976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this multicenter trial was to generate a [123I]FP-CIT SPECT database of healthy controls from the common SPECT systems available in Japan. METHODS This study included 510 sets of SPECT data from 256 healthy controls (116 men and 140 women; age range, 30-83 years) acquired from eight different centers. Images were reconstructed without attenuation or scatter correction (NOACNOSC), with only attenuation correction using the Chang method (ChangACNOSC) or X-ray CT (CTACNOSC), and with both scatter and attenuation correction using the Chang method (ChangACSC) or X-ray CT (CTACSC). These SPECT images were analyzed using the Southampton method. The outcome measure was the specific binding ratio (SBR) in the striatum. These striatal SBRs were calibrated from prior experiments using a striatal phantom. RESULTS The original SBRs gradually decreased in the order of ChangACSC, CTACSC, ChangACNOSC, CTACNOSC, and NOACNOSC. The SBRs for NOACNOSC were 46% lower than those for ChangACSC. In contrast, the calibrated SBRs were almost equal under no scatter correction (NOSC) conditions. A significant effect of age was found, with an SBR decline rate of 6.3% per decade. In the 30-39 age group, SBRs were 12.2% higher in women than in men, but this increase declined with age and was absent in the 70-79 age group. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a large-scale quantitative database of [123I]FP-CIT SPECT scans from different scanners in healthy controls across a wide age range and with balanced sex representation. The phantom calibration effectively harmonizes SPECT data from different SPECT systems under NOSC conditions. The data collected in this study may serve as a reference database.
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Hatazawa J. 11C-acetate PET/CT: a potential alternative of transcranial biopsy for grading cerebral gliomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:1011. [PMID: 29460026 PMCID: PMC5915503 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-3950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kanoto M, Kirii K, Hiraka T, Toyoguchi Y, Sugai Y, Matsuda K, Sakurada K, Sonoda Y, Hatazawa J, Hosoya T. Correlation between hypoxic area in primary brain tumors and WHO grade: differentiation from malignancy using 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography. Acta Radiol 2018; 59:229-235. [PMID: 28534419 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117711474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography (FMISO-PET) has been used for identification of hypoxic areas in tumors, and since hypoxia causes hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and enhancement of tumor growth, identifying the hypoxic area in the tumor tissue is important. Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of FMISO-PET in the grading of primary brain tumors. Material and Methods FMISO-PET was performed preoperatively on 41 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed brain tumor. A neuroradiologist retrospectively measured both maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean) in the tumor and normal cerebellar parenchyma. Maximum tumor/normal control ratio (T/Nmax) and mean tumor/normal control ratio (T/Nmean) were calculated and analyzed. Results There was a positive correlation between World Health Organization (WHO) grade and both T/Nmax and T/Nmean (r = 0.731 and 0.713, respectively). When all cases were divided into benign (WHO grade II) and malignant groups (III and IV), there were significant differences between the two groups in both T/Nmax and T/Nmean ( P < 0.001). If the cutoff value was defined as T/Nmax = 1.25 and T/Nmean = 1.23, T/Nmax had a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 90.9% while T/Nmean had a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 90.9% in differentiating the benign group from the malignant group. Conclusion Both T/Nmax and T/Nmean in FMISO-PET have a positive correlation with primary brain tumor grading, making FMISO-PET useful in diagnosing the malignancy of primary brain tumors.
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Morita T, Kurihara H, Hiroi K, Honda N, Igaki H, Hatazawa J, Arai Y, Itami J. Dynamic changes in 18F-borono-L-phenylalanine uptake in unresectable, advanced, or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and malignant melanoma during boron neutron capture therapy patient selection. Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:4. [PMID: 29325590 PMCID: PMC5765671 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-017-0949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated dynamic changes in 18F–borono-L-phenylalanine (18F–BPA) uptake in unresectable, advanced, or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM) during boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) patient selection. Methods Dynamic changes in the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor-to-normal tissue ratio (TNR), and tumor-to-blood pool ratio (TBR) for 18F–BPA were evaluated in 20 patients with SCC and 8 patients with MM. Results SUVmax in SCC tumors decreased significantly from 30 to 120 min. There was a non-statistically significant decrease in SUVmax for SCC tumors from 30 to 60 min and from 60 to 120 min. Patients with MM had nonsignificant SUVmax changes in 18F–BPA uptake on delayed imaging. Nonsignificant 18F–BPA TNR and TBR changes were seen in patients with SCC and MM. Conclusions Dynamic changes in SUVmax for 18F–BPA uptake had a washout pattern in SCC and a persistent pattern in MM. Dynamic 18F–BPA -PET studies should be performed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of 18F–BPA in humans and select appropriate candidates who may benefit from BNCT.
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Komatsu Y, Nishijima KI, Oomagari S, Kanai Y, Naka S, Higashikawa K, Ebita Y, Shiga T, Hatazawa J, Tamaki N, Kuge Y. Measurement of Iodine-Derived Contamination in L-[ 11C]Methionine Injection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3769/radioisotopes.67.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Matsunaga K, Yanagawa M, Otsuka T, Hirata H, Kijima T, Kumanogoh A, Tomiyama N, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Quantitative pulmonary blood flow measurement using 15O-H 2O PET with and without tissue fraction correction: a comparison study. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:102. [PMID: 29274016 PMCID: PMC5741573 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physiological measures per lung parenchyma, rather than per lung volume, sometimes reflect the disease status. PET images of the lung, which are usually expressed per lung volume, could confound the interpretation of the disease status, especially in cases with a prominent heterogeneity in aeration. The aim of the present study was to develop a method for measuring pulmonary blood flow (PBF) with aeration correction using 15O-H2O PET and to compare the results with those obtained using a conventional method. We obtained the voxel-based tissue fraction (TF) derived from density images converted from transmission images obtained using an external 137Cs point source. Quantitative PBF values with and without the TF were calculated using 15O-H2O PET to examine contralateral lung tissue in 9 patients with unilateral lung cancer. The heterogeneity in PBF before and after TF correction was then evaluated and compared. As a measure of PBF heterogeneity, we used the skewness and kurtosis of the PBF distribution. Results The mean PBF of contralateral lung was 1.4 ± 0.3 mL/min per mL of lung. The TF-corrected PBF was 5.0 ± 0.6 mL/min per mL of lung parenchyma. After TF correction, the skewness and kurtosis of the PBF decreased significantly. Conclusions The present PBF calculation method using TF correction demonstrated that the normal PBF increased significantly and the PBF distribution became uniform. The proposed TF correction method is a promising technique to account for variations in density when interpreting PBF in PET studies.
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Asai K, Nakamura H, Watabe T, Nishida T, Sakaguchi M, Hatazawa J, Yoshimine T, Kishima H. X-ray angiography perfusion imaging with an intra-arterial injection: comparative study with 15O-gas/water positron emission tomography. J Neurointerv Surg 2017; 10:780-783. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundX-ray angiography perfusion (XAP) is a perfusion imaging technique based on conventional DSA.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to validate parameters derived from XAP by comparing them with 15O-gas/water positron emission tomography (PET), using data from patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods18 consecutive patients were included. XAP was performed with intra-arterial infusion of contrast media, and a time–density curve was constructed for each cerebral hemisphere. From the curves, the relative values of mean transit time (rMTT) and wash-in rate (rWiR) were obtained by dividing the values of the right hemisphere by those of the left hemisphere. These were then compared with the relative values of cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and rMTT calculated from the PET data.ResultsXAP rWiR correlated strongly with PET rCBF (r=0.86, P<0.0001). rMTT measurements from the two modalities were also strongly correlated (r=0.85, P<0.0001). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a bias of 0.14±0.18 (95% limits of agreement −0.22 to 0.51) for PET rCBF versus XAP rWiR, and 0.016±0.093 (95% limits of agreement −0.17 to 0.20) for rMTT between the two modalities.ConclusionsThe relative values obtained from XAP were validated across a population of patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
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