Excess intravascular coagulation complicating low cardiac output

In 42 children with congenital heart disease coagulation factor levels were studied serially during the first 20 hours following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. The acyanotic patients, and also cyanotic patients who survived the operation, showed a progressive improvement in their coagulation profile from initial low postoperative levels. In 12 cyanotic patients who died within 72 hours, however, the coagulation factor levels either remained low, or fell further, until death. Fresh frozen plasma was administered to eight of these patients without apparent benefit. The abnormal coagulation profile correlated significantly with low skin temperature and increased blood loss and was considered to represent excess intravascular coagulation secondary to low cardiac output and poor tissue perfusion.

Pulmonary artery banding and subsequent repair in ventricular septal defect

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The assay of cholesterol sulfate in biological material by enzymatic radioisotopic displacement

A technique is described for the measurement of cholesterol sulfate (CS) which is based upon the displacement of labelled CS from a placental sulfatase enzyme system by the addition of unlabelled CS isolated from various biological sources.From the extent of this displacement by unknown samples of CS and by reference to standard curves, the concentration of CS in the biological samples can be calculated. This assay method is relatively simple, rapid, and sensitive (nanogram level) and provides values which are in good agreement with those obtained by a double isotope derivative assay. Levels of CS in human plasma, erythrocytes, semen, and saliva have been determined. This sterol sulfate appears to be a ubiquitous entity although its biological function remains to be determined. Certain aspects of its possible physiological role in the organism are discussed.

Studies on mammalian and molluscan steroid sulfatase. Solubilization and properties

Steroid sulfatase from the microsomal fraction of rat liver exhibits properties which are suggestive of an allosteric type of enzyme. The kinetics of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate cleavage are normal while the cleavage of cholesterol sulfate presents a cooperative effect beyond 0.8 × 10−6 M at the protein concentration used. This abnormal kinetic behavior is normalized by the addition of an analogue of this substrate, sodium lauryl sulfate. This analogue elicits a biphasic effect on the cleavage of cholesterol sulfate while the cleavage of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate and pregnenolone sulfate is inhibited at all of the concentrations tested.Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate, the molecular weight of what is believed to be the monomeric form of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 23 000.Steriod sulfatase from Helix pomatia cleaves the sulfate of dehydroisoandrosterone while cholesterol sulfate remains intact. This enzyme was found to have a molecular weight near or below 50 000 and was isolated as a single band of sulfatase activity by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung

Nine cases of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung are described. One was stillborn: two presented in the newborn period (one of them surviving after a lobectomy), and the remaining six were older children all of whom survived after lobectomy. There have been only three cases previously reported in children outside the newborn period. The pathological, clinical, and radiological features are discussed and compared with previously reported cases.

Congenital mitral stenosis

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