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Yonaga K, Yamada T, Matsuda A, Sonoda H, Shinji S, Ohta R, Iwai T, Takeda K, Ueda K, Kuriyama S, Miyasaka T, Yoshida H. [Long-Term Response to UFT/UZEL/Bevacizumab Therapy for Lung Metastasis after Surgery for Early-Stage Colon Cancer in a Late-Stage Elderly Patient]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2022; 49:593-596. [PMID: 35578942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage elderly patients have low tolerance to chemotherapy, and they have difficulties when they are treated with standard chemotherapy. We report a case of a late-stage elderly patient who had a long-term response to UFT/UZEL/bevacizumab( Bev)therapy for lung metastasis after surgery for early-stage colon cancer. He was 82-years-old and underwent laparoscopy-assisted sigmoid colectomy for sigmoid colon cancer at another hospital. The pathological diagnosis was pT1b, ly1, v0, N0, M0, pStage Ⅰ. Six months after the surgery, a small nodule was noted in the middle lobe of the right lung. It grew five months later and was definitely diagnosed as lung metastasis. Considering his physical condition and tumor size, we opted to introduce less invasive chemotherapy instead of standard chemotherapy. UFT/UZEL/Bev was started 14 months after surgery. Although he required dose reduction due to anorexia, he safely continued the treatment with partial response (PR), which was maintained for 2 years and 6 months. While UFT/UZEL/Bev has no convincing evidence, it may be an option for vulnerable patients, especially those with non-life-threatening disease.
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Sasaki N, Shinji S, Shichi Y, Ishiwata T, Arai T, Yamada T, Takahashi G, Ohta R, Sonoda H, Matsuda A, Iwai T, Takeda K, Yonaga K, Ueda K, Kuriyama S, Miyasaka T, Yoshida H. TGF-β1 increases cellular invasion of colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line through partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101239. [PMID: 35252596 PMCID: PMC8891970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and metastasis in many types of malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Although the importance of EMT is also considered in colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), its regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated. We recently established a human colorectal NEC cell line, SS-2. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether these cells were sensitive to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and whether EMT could be induced through TGF-β1/Smad signaling, with the corresponding NEC cell-specific changes in invasiveness. In SS-2 cells, activation of TGF-β1 signaling, as indicated by phosphorylation of Smad2/3, was dose-dependent, demonstrating that SS-2 cells were responsive to TGF-β1. Analysis of EMT markers showed that mRNA levels changed with TGF-β1 treatment and that E-cadherin, an EMT marker, was expressed in cell-cell junctions even after TGF-β1 treatment. Invasion assays showed that TGF-β1-treated SS-2 cells invaded more rapidly than non-treated cells, and these cells demonstrated increased metalloproteinase activity and cell adhesion. Among integrins involved in cell-to-matrix adhesion, α2-integrin was exclusively upregulated in TGF-β1-treated SS-2 cells, but not in other colon cancer cell lines, and adhesion and invasion were inhibited by an anti-α2-integrin blocking antibody. Our findings suggest that α2-integrin may represent a novel therapeutic target for the metastasis of colorectal NEC cells. NEC cell line SS-2 is responsive to TGF-β1. TGF-β1 stimulation induces partial EMT, maintaining E-cadherin in SS-2 cells. TGF-β1-treated SS-2 cells exhibit increase in metalloproteinase activity and cell adhesion. α2-integrin is exclusively upregulated in TGF-β1-treated SS-2 cells. Use of anti-α2-integrin blocking antibody inhibits enhanced adhesion and invasion.
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Key Words
- Adhesion
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- EMT
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- FACS, fluorescence activated cell sorter
- Invasion
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NEC, neuroendocrine carcinoma
- NENs, neuroendocrine neoplasms
- Neuroendocrine carcinoma
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, scanning electron microscopic
- TGF, transforming growth factor-beta
- TGF-β1
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- α2-integrin
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Haga Y, Ueda K. Glycosylation in cancer: its application as a biomarker and recent advances of analytical techniques. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:303-313. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kanaka S, Matsuda A, Yamada T, Ohta R, Sonoda H, Shinji S, Takahashi G, Iwai T, Takeda K, Ueda K, Kuriyama S, Miyasaka T, Yoshida H. Colonic stent as a bridge to surgery versus emergency resection for right-sided malignant large bowel obstruction: a meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:2760-2770. [PMID: 35113211 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative colonic stenting for malignant large bowel obstruction (MLBO), also called bridge to surgery (BTS), is considered a great substitute treatment for emergency resection (ER) in the left-sided colon. However, its efficacy in the right-sided colon remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the postoperative short-term outcomes between BTS and ER for right-sided MLBO. METHODS A comprehensive electronic literature search throughout December 2020 was performed to identify studies comparing short-term outcomes between BTS and ER for right-side MLBO. The main outcome measures were postoperative complications and mortality rates. A meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effect or a random-effect method to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Seven studies were included in this meta-analysis, comprising 5136 patients, of whom 1662 (32.4%) underwent BTS and 3474 (67.6%) underwent ER. This meta-analysis demonstrated that BTS resulted in reductions in postoperative complications (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66-0.92) and mortality (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28-0.92) than ER. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis indicate that BTS for right-sided MLBO confers preferable short-term outcomes as well as for left-sided. This suggests that BTS results in a reduction of postoperative complications and mortality for right-sided MLBO than ER.
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Ueda K, Yamada T, Ohta R, Matsuda A, Sonoda H, Kuriyama S, Takahashi G, Iwai T, Takeda K, Miyasaka T, Shinji S, Chika N, Ishida H, Yoshida H. BRAF V600E mutations in right-side colon cancer: Heterogeneity detected by liquid biopsy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 48:1375-1383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Saito M, Kajihara D, Suzuki H, Komiyama T, Marino K, Aoki S, Ueda K, Sano N, Onishi H. Reproducibility of deep inspiration breath-hold technique for left-side breast cancer with respiratory monitoring device, Abches. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 23:e13529. [PMID: 35018712 PMCID: PMC8992950 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) using a respiratory control device, Abches, in patients with left-sided breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Abches comprises a main body, an indicator panel, and two fulcrums, one each on the chest and abdomen. Forty left side breast cancer patients treated with DIBH using abches were enrolled in this study. For all patients, CT images were taken three times to confirm the target position inside the body and to check the breath-hold reproducibility. Three anatomical points on the nipple, sternum, and heart were selected as measurement points on CT images. After measuring the coordinates, breath-hold reproducibility was defined as the mean of the absolute difference in the coordinates between the three CT images. The maximum differences were also investigated. In addition, the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was calculated to examine the displacement of the heart volume in detail. Moreover, digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) and linac graphs (LGs) were used to measure the positional accuracy of the chest and heart. RESULTS The reproducibility in all patients was within 0.75 mm for the nipple, 0.78 mm for the sternum, and 2.18 mm for the heart in each direction. Similarly, the maximum displacements for all patients were within 1.90 mm, 1.69 mm, and 4.75 mm, respectively, in each direction. For heart volume, the average DSC for all cases was 0.93 ± 0.01. The differences between the DRR and LG images were 1.70 ± 1.10 mm and 2.10 ± 1.60 mm, for the chest and heart, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study showed that DIBH using Abches can be performed with good target reproducibility of less than 3 mm with proper breath-hold practice, whereas the heartbeat-derived reproducibility of the cardiac position is poor and needs to be monitored carefully during treatment simulation.
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Shinji S, Shichi Y, Yamada T, Takahashi G, Ohta R, Sonoda H, Matsuda A, Yonaga K, Iwai T, Takeda K, Ueda K, Kuriyama S, Miyasaka T, Ueda Y, Sasaki N, Takahashi K, Ohashi R, Ishiwata T, Arai T, Yoshida H. Establishment and characterization of a novel anorectal melanoma cell line derived from primary human rectal tumor. J NIPPON MED SCH 2022; 89:368-376. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kastirke G, Ota F, Rezvan DV, Schöffler MS, Weller M, Rist J, Boll R, Anders N, Baumann TM, Eckart S, Erk B, De Fanis A, Fehre K, Gatton A, Grundmann S, Grychtol P, Hartung A, Hofmann M, Ilchen M, Janke C, Kircher M, Kunitski M, Li X, Mazza T, Melzer N, Montano J, Music V, Nalin G, Ovcharenko Y, Pier A, Rennhack N, Rivas DE, Dörner R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Schmidt P, Siebert J, Strenger N, Trabert D, Vela-Perez I, Wagner R, Weber T, Williams JB, Ziolkowski P, Schmidt LPH, Czasch A, Tamura Y, Hara N, Yamazaki K, Hatada K, Trinter F, Meyer M, Ueda K, Demekhin PV, Jahnke T. Investigating charge-up and fragmentation dynamics of oxygen molecules after interaction with strong X-ray free-electron laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27121-27127. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray-induced charge-up and fragmentation process of a small molecule is examined in great detail by measuring the molecular-frame photoelectron interference pattern in conjunction with other observables in coincidence.
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Saito M, Komiyama T, Marino K, Aoki S, Oguri M, Yamada T, Sano N, Suzuki H, Ueda K, Onishi H. Dosimetric Effects of Differences in Multi-Leaf Collimator Speed on SBRT-VMAT for Central Lung Cancer Patients. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221119752. [PMID: 35950289 PMCID: PMC9379802 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221119752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effects of different multi-leaf
collimator (MLC) speed constraints in volumetric modulated radiotherapy (VMAT)
on the robustness of treatment plans for central lung cancer patients.
Method and Materials: Twenty patients with central lung tumor
who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with the VMAT technique at
our hospital were included in this retrospective study. The reference plans were
created with 3 different MLC speed constraints (Plan A: 0.1 cm/deg., Plan B:
0.3 cm/deg., and Plan C: 0.5 cm/deg.) with a 50-Gy/8Fr, planning target volume
(PTV) D95% prescription. In each of these plans, setup errors from 1
to 5 mm were intentionally added in the direction of the central organ at 1-mm
intervals (300 plans [20 cases × 3 MLC speeds × 5 error plans] were created in
total). Each plan was then calculated by the same beam conditions as each
reference plan. The actual average MLC speed and dose difference between the
reference plan and the error-added plan were then calculated and compared among
the 3 MLC speeds. Results: In the reference plans, the actual
average MLC speeds were 0.25 ± 0.04, 0.34 ± 0.07, and 0.39 ± 0.12 cm/deg. for
Plan A, Plan B, and Plan C, respectively (P < .05). For PTV
and OARs, many dose indices tended to improve as the MLC speed increased, while
no significant differences were observed among the 3 MLC speed constraints.
However, in assessments of robustness, no significant differences in dose
difference were observed among the 3 MLC speed constraints for most of the
indices. Conclusions: When necessary, increasing the MLC speed
constraint with a priority on improving the quality of the dose distribution is
an acceptable approach for central lung cancer patients.
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Nanno K, Shinji S, Yamada T, Matsuda A, Ohta R, Sonoda H, Iwai T, Takeda K, Yonaga K, Ueda K, Kuriyama S, Miyasaka T, Komori H, Shioda Y, Yoshida H. A case of a fixed giant peritoneal loose body outside the peritoneum beside the rectovesical excavation. J NIPPON MED SCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2023_90-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mori Y, Ueda K, Sakurai Y, Aoki A, Okamoto Y, Jinno H. [Analysis of Cyanide Compounds in Foods by the Purge Method Using a Midget Impinger]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2021; 62:162-165. [PMID: 34732642 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.62.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyanogenic glycosides in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) seeds, which are used in so-called health foods, pose a public concern in Japan due to their potential health risks. Several pretreatment methods, such as the steam distillation and Conway microdiffusion methods, have been established for the determination of cyanogenic glycoside concentrations in foods. However, these methods are time-consuming and have extremely low throughput. Therefore, we developed a simple and rapid method, called the purge method, to analyze cyanide compounds in seed-derived food products. Under this method, the aqueous extract of cyanogenic glycosides is treated with β-glucosidase in a midget impinger, after which the liberated cyanide is purged into an absorbing solution. The concentration of cyanide in the adsorbent is then quantified using 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid-pyrazolone reagent. A single-laboratory method validation study was performed using amygdalin at a concentration of 10 ppm as cyanide ion. The validation parameter results (trueness, 83.9%; repeatability, 1.18%; intermediate precision, 4.67%) indicated that the developed method was suitable, precise and accurate. The purge method was used to analyze cyanide concentrations in commercially available food samples. Of the 10 samples tested (loquat seed powder, apricot kernel powder, and plum seed powder), three samples were found to contain cyanogenic glycosides at concentrations of >10 ppm as hydrogen cyanide, with the highest concentration detected being 861 ppm. These results clearly demonstrated the applicability of our method in determining cyanogenic glycosides in seed-derived food samples.
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Hayashi N, Ikeda Y, Okamura K, Tate T, Nemoto K, Nagayama S, Minegishi Y, Ueda K, Kiyotani K, Nakamura Y, Kawana K. Function of ERAP2 (endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2) in cancer immunity. J Reprod Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen C, Yamanaka Y, Ueda K, Li P, Miyagi T, Harada Y, Tezuka S, Narumi S, Sugimoto M, Kuroda M, Hayamizu Y, Kanekura K. Phase separation and toxicity of C9orf72 poly(PR) depends on alternate distribution of arginine. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212626. [PMID: 34499080 PMCID: PMC8438627 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arg (R)-rich dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs; poly(PR): Pro-Arg and poly(GR): Gly-Arg), encoded by a hexanucleotide expansion in the C9ORF72 gene, induce neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although R-rich DPRs undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which affects multiple biological processes, mechanisms underlying LLPS of DPRs remain elusive. Here, using in silico, in vitro, and in cellulo methods, we determined that the distribution of charged Arg residues regulates the complex coacervation with anionic peptides and nucleic acids. Proteomic analyses revealed that alternate Arg distribution in poly(PR) facilitates entrapment of proteins with acidic motifs via LLPS. Transcription, translation, and diffusion of nucleolar nucleophosmin (NPM1) were impaired by poly(PR) with an alternate charge distribution but not by poly(PR) variants with a consecutive charge distribution. We propose that the pathogenicity of R-rich DPRs is mediated by disturbance of proteins through entrapment in the phase-separated droplets via sequence-controlled multivalent protein-protein interactions.
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Ito S, Yamada T, Watanabe T, Morita T, Furukawa Y, Tamaki S, Kawasaki M, Kikuchi A, Kawai T, Seo M, Nakamura J, Kayama K, Kawahira M, Ueda K, Fukunami M. Prognostic value of sarcopenia and malnutrition in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia and malnutrition are associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with chronic heart failure. However, there is little information available on the prognostic significance of the combination of sarcopenia and malnutrition in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), relating to reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF or HFpEF).
Methods
We prospectively studied 543 consecutive ADHF patients who survived to discharge (HFrEF [LVEF <45%] n=245 and HFpEF [LVEF≥45%] n=298). At the discharge, sarcopenia and malnutrition was evaluated by free-fat mass index (FFMI) and geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI), respectively. FFMI was calculated as follows: FFMI = (7.38 + 0.02908 × urinary creatinine [mg/day])/ (height in meter)2. Sarcopenia was defined as FFMI <17 kg/m2 in men and <15 kg/m2 in women. GNRI was calculated as follows: 14.89 × serum albumin (g/dl) + 41.7 × BMI/22, and malnutrition was defined as GNRI<92. The endpoint was all-cause death.
Results
During a follow-up period of 2.8±1.4 years, 161 patients had all-cause death. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that both FFMI and GNRI were independently associated with all-cause death in both HFrEF (p=0.0064 and p<0.0001, respectively) and HFpEF patients (p=0.0140 and p=0.0007, respectively) after adjustment for relevant baseline clinical and study characteristics. In HFrEF, patients with both sarcopenia and malnutrition had a significantly higher risk of the total mortality than those with either or none of them. On the other hand, in HFpEF, patients with both and either sarcopenia or malnutrition had a significantly higher risk of the total mortality than those with none of them, while there was no significant difference in the risk between both and either sarcopenia or malnutrition.
Conclusions
Sarcopenia or malnutrition at discharge was associated with all-cause death even in ADHF patients, irrespective of reduced or preserved LVEF. The combination of sarcopenia and malnutrition could provide prognostic information in ADHF patients with reduced LVEF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1
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Naito T, Jingushi K, Ueda K, Tsujikawa K. Azurocidin is loaded into small extracellular vesicles via its N-linked glycosylation and promotes intravasation of renal cell carcinoma cells. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2522-2532. [PMID: 34418081 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Azurocidin (AZU1) is an antimicrobial protein secreted by neutrophils that acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes and macrophages and a permeabilizer of vascular endothelial cells. We previously identified AZU1 to be specifically present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues. Here, we examined the relationship between N-linked glycosylation and AZU1 loading into small EVs (SEVs). Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation by introducing mutations in three glycosylation sites inhibited AZU1 loading into SEVs. Furthermore, SEVs released from AZU1-wild-type cells increased the Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells and the endothelial permeability, whereas SEVs released from AZU1-mutant cells had no significant effect. Anti-AZU1 antibodies diminished the effect of SEVs on endothelial cell sheets. Collectively, we found that N-linked glycosylation of AZU1 directs its loading into SEVs, thereby enabling AZU1-positive SEVs to function as potent permeabilizers of endothelial cells and leading to enhanced transendothelial migration of RCC cells.
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Chang LC, Hsu YC, Chiu HM, Ueda K, Wu MS, Kao CH, Shen TL. Exploration of the Proteomic Landscape of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Serum as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732743. [PMID: 34589434 PMCID: PMC8473825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening via a stool test and colonoscopy is suboptimal, but participation can be improved by the development of a blood test. However, the suboptimal detection abilities of blood tests for advanced neoplasia, including advanced adenoma (AA) and CRC, limit their application. We aimed to investigate the proteomic landscape of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from the serum of patients with colorectal neoplasia and identify specific sEV proteins that could serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Materials and Methods We enrolled 100 patients including 13 healthy subjects, 12 non-AAs, 13 AAs, and 16 stage-I, 15 stage-II, 16 stage-III, and 15 stage-IV CRCs. These patients were classified as normal control, early neoplasia, and advanced neoplasia. The sEV proteome was explored by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized association plots were used to integrate the clustering methods, visualize the data matrix, and analyze the relationship. The specific sEV biomarkers were identified by a decision tree via Orange3 software. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis platform. Results The sEV protein matrix was identified from the serum of 100 patients and contained 3353 proteins, of which 1921 proteins from 98 patients were finally analyzed. Compared with the normal control, subjects with early and advanced neoplasia exhibited a distinct proteomic distribution in the data matrix plot. Six sEV proteins were identified, namely, GCLM, KEL, APOF, CFB, PDE5A, and ATIC, which properly distinguished normal control, early neoplasia, and advanced neoplasia patients from each other. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that APOF+ and CFB+ sEV associated with clathrin-mediated endocytosis signaling and the complement system, which have critical implications for CRC carcinogenesis. Conclusion Patients with colorectal neoplasia had a distinct sEV proteome expression pattern in serum compared with those patients who were healthy and did not have neoplasms. Moreover, the six identified specific sEV proteins had the potential to discriminate colorectal neoplasia between early-stage and advanced neoplasia. Collectively, our study provided a six-sEV protein biomarker panel for CRC diagnosis at early or advanced stages. Furthermore, the implication of the sEV proteome in CRC carcinogenesis via specific signaling pathways was explored.
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Ankoh K, Shinji S, Yamada T, Matsuda A, Ohta R, Sonoda H, Hotta M, Takahashi G, Kaneya Y, Iwai T, Takeda K, Ueda K, Kuriyama S, Miyasaka T, Yonaga K, Shioda Y, Yoshida H, Ohashi R. A rapidly growing small intestinal metastasis from lung cancer. J NIPPON MED SCH 2021; 89:540-545. [PMID: 34526470 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Small intestinal metastasis from lung cancer is a relatively rare occurrence, and often causes intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal perforation, and/or gastrointestinal bleeding making it is an oncological emergency. Many patients have been reported to undergo emergency surgery owing to the rapid progression of the intestinal metastatic lesion; however, information regarding the changes that occur in such metastases over time remains lacking. Therefore, we analyzed 4 patients who had small intestinal metastases arising from lung cancer, who were treated during a 10-year period (January 2011 to December 2020), and whose tumor diameter changes were recorded. The average tumor volume growth rate was 1.48 (1.31-1.78) -fold, and the median observation period was 22 (4-39) days, showing a rapid increase. Histopathologically, in patients with a high degree of primary tumor atypia, rapid tumor growth caused by intratumoral hemorrhage may occur. This was considered to be one of the factors responsible for the rapid increase in tumor volume.
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Ueda K, Shiraya T, Araki F, Hashimoto Y, Yamamoto M, Yamanari M, Ueta T, Minami T, Aoki N, Sugiyama S, Zhou HP, Totsuka K, Toyama T, Sugimoto K, Obata R, Kato S. Changes in entropy on polarized-sensitive optical coherence tomography images after therapeutic subthreshold micropulse laser for diabetic macular edema: A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257000. [PMID: 34516553 PMCID: PMC8437304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the dynamics of the healing process after therapeutic subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) for diabetic macular edema (DME) using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Methods Patients with treatment-native or previously-treated DME were prospectively imaged using PS-OCT at baseline, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. The following outcomes were evaluated: changes in the entropy value per unit area (pixel2) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on the B-scan image; changes in the entropy value in each stratified layer (retina, RPE, choroid) based on the ETDRS grid circle overlaid with en face entropy mapping, not only the whole ETDRS grid area but also a sector irradiated by the SMPL; and the relationship between edema reduction and entropy changes. Results A total of 11 eyes of 11 consecutive DME patients were enrolled. No visible signs of SMPL treatment were detected on PS-OCT images. The entropy value per unit area (pixel2) in the RPE tended to decrease at 3 and 6 months from baseline (35.8 ± 17.0 vs 26.1 ± 9.8, P = 0.14; vs 28.2 ± 18.3, P = 0.14). Based on the en face entropy mapping, the overall entropy value did not change in each layer in the whole ETDRS grid; however, decrease of entropy in the RPE was observed at 2, 3, and 6 months post-treatment within the SMPL-irradiated sectors (P < 0.01, each). There was a positive correlation between the change rate of retinal thickness and that of entropy in the RPE within the SMPL-irradiated sector at 6 months (r2 = 0.19, P = 0.039). Conclusion Entropy measured using PS-OCT may be a new parameter that facilitates objective monitoring of SMPL-induced functional changes in the RPE that could not previously be assessed directly. This may contribute to a more promising therapeutic evaluation of DME. Clinical trial This clinical study was registered in UMIN-CTR (ID: UMIN000042420).
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Fehre K, Novikovskiy NM, Grundmann S, Kastirke G, Eckart S, Trinter F, Rist J, Hartung A, Trabert D, Janke C, Nalin G, Pitzer M, Zeller S, Wiegandt F, Weller M, Kircher M, Hofmann M, Schmidt LPH, Knie A, Hans A, Ltaief LB, Ehresmann A, Berger R, Fukuzawa H, Ueda K, Schmidt-Böcking H, Williams JB, Jahnke T, Dörner R, Schöffler MS, Demekhin PV. Fourfold Differential Photoelectron Circular Dichroism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:103201. [PMID: 34533326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on a joint experimental and theoretical study of photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) in methyloxirane. By detecting O 1s photoelectrons in coincidence with fragment ions, we deduce the molecule's orientation and photoelectron emission direction in the laboratory frame. Thereby, we retrieve a fourfold differential PECD clearly beyond 50%. This strong chiral asymmetry is reproduced by ab initio electronic structure calculations. Providing such a pronounced contrast makes PECD of fixed-in-space chiral molecules an even more sensitive tool for chiral recognition in the gas phase.
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Li X, Inhester L, Robatjazi SJ, Erk B, Boll R, Hanasaki K, Toyota K, Hao Y, Bomme C, Rudek B, Foucar L, Southworth SH, Lehmann CS, Kraessig B, Marchenko T, Simon M, Ueda K, Ferguson KR, Bucher M, Gorkhover T, Carron S, Alonso-Mori R, Koglin JE, Correa J, Williams GJ, Boutet S, Young L, Bostedt C, Son SK, Santra R, Rolles D, Rudenko A. Pulse Energy and Pulse Duration Effects in the Ionization and Fragmentation of Iodomethane by Ultraintense Hard X Rays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:093202. [PMID: 34506178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of intense femtosecond x-ray pulses with molecules sensitively depends on the interplay between multiple photoabsorptions, Auger decay, charge rearrangement, and nuclear motion. Here, we report on a combined experimental and theoretical study of the ionization and fragmentation of iodomethane (CH_{3}I) by ultraintense (∼10^{19} W/cm^{2}) x-ray pulses at 8.3 keV, demonstrating how these dynamics depend on the x-ray pulse energy and duration. We show that the timing of multiple ionization steps leading to a particular reaction product and, thus, the product's final kinetic energy, is determined by the pulse duration rather than the pulse energy or intensity. While the overall degree of ionization is mainly defined by the pulse energy, our measurement reveals that the yield of the fragments with the highest charge states is enhanced for short pulse durations, in contrast to earlier observations for atoms and small molecules in the soft x-ray domain. We attribute this effect to a decreased charge transfer efficiency at larger internuclear separations, which are reached during longer pulses.
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Ueda K, Nagai T. Relative sensitivity of duckweed Lemna minor and six algae to seven herbicides. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2021; 46:267-273. [PMID: 34566460 PMCID: PMC8422251 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d21-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relative sensitivity of duckweed Lemna minor and six species of algae to seven herbicides, using an efficient high-throughput microplate-based toxicity assay. First, we assessed the sensitivity of L. minor to the seven herbicides, and then we compared its sensitivity to that of previously published data for six algal species based on EC50 values. For five herbicides, the most sensitive species differed: L. minor was most sensitive to cyclosulfamuron: Raphidocelis subcapitata was most sensitive to pretilachlor and esprocarb: Desmodesmus subspicatus was most sensitive to pyraclonil; and Navicula pelliculosa was most sensitive to pyrazoxyfen. Simetryn was evenly toxic to all species, whereas 2,4-D was evenly less toxic, with only small differences in species sensitivity. These results suggested that a single algal species cannot represent the sensitivity of the primary producer assemblage to a given herbicide. Therefore, to assess the ecological effects of herbicides, aquatic plant and multispecies algal toxicity data sets are essential.
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Ueda K, Iwasaki T, Ono T, Lee J, Nejima R, Mori Y, Noguchi Y, Yagi A, Miyata K. Age factor in the fluoroquinolone susceptibility of gram-positive cocci isolates from bacterial keratitis cases between 2008 and 2016. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:3351-3357. [PMID: 34379184 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationship between fluoroquinolone susceptibility of gram-positive cocci (GPC) isolated from patients with bacterial keratitis and the age of the patients or the date of onset. METHODS Bacterial isolates were obtained from corneal lesions of patients with infectious keratitis treated between January 2008 and December 2016. The fluoroquinolone susceptibility of GPC was assessed, and a retrospective review of microbiological records was performed. Fluoroquinolone susceptibility was measured through broth microdilution in accordance with protocols of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Statistical analysis was performed using a generalized estimating equation and cubic spline to determine the association between fluoroquinolone susceptibility of GPC isolated from corneal lesions and patient age. RESULTS Of the 1200 bacterial isolates, 471 GPC were identified. They included Staphylococcus epidermidis (45.6%), other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. (17.8%), and Staphylococcus aureus (18.3%). Levofloxacin susceptibility of GPC exhibited a negative relationship with age and had an odds ratio of 0.893 (95% confidence interval, 0.825-0.967) for every 10 years of age. A non-adjusted cubic spline curve was well correlated with year-adjusted data in a generalized additive model, and the levofloxacin susceptibility of GPC was initially stable but gradually declined after 40 years of age, before re-stabilizing again after 70 years of age. CONCLUSION The fluoroquinolone susceptibility of GPC isolated from corneal lesions of infectious keratitis is high in children under 15 years of age and declines with an increase in age of patients using a generalized estimating equation and cubic spline.
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Uto K, Ueda K, Okano T, Akashi K, Takahashi S, Nakamachi Y, Imanishi T, Awano H, Morinobu A, Kawano S, Saegusa J. Identification of Plexin D1 on circulating extracellular vesicles as a potential biomarker of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:1669-1679. [PMID: 34297034 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify disease-specific surface proteins on extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel serum biomarkers of polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM). METHODS We performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) on purified EVs from sera of 10 PM/DM, 23 patients with other autoimmune diseases and 10 healthy controls (HC). We identified membrane proteins preferentially present in EVs of PM/DM patients by bioinformatics and biostatistical analyses. We developed EV sandwich ELISA for directly detecting serum EVs expressing disease-specific membrane proteins and evaluated their clinical utility using sera of 54 PM/DM, 24 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 20 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 13 systemic sclerosis, 25 Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) patients, and 36 HC. RESULTS LC/MS analysis identified 1,220 proteins in serum EVs. Of these, Plexin D1 was enriched in those from PM/DM patients relative to HC or patients without PM/DM. Using a specific EV sandwich ELISA, we found that levels of Plexin D1-positive EVs (Plexin D1+ EVs) in serum were significantly greater in PM/DM patients than in HC, RA or SLE, or DMD/BMD patients. Serum levels of Plexin D1+ EVs were greater in those PM/DM patients with muscle pain or weakness. Serum levels of Plexin D1+ EVs were significantly correlated with levels of aldolase (rs=0.481), white blood cells (rs=0.381), neutrophils (rs=0.450), and platelets (rs=0.408) in PM/DM patients. Finally, serum levels of Plexin D1+ EVs decreased significantly in patients with PM/DM in clinical remission after treatment. CONCLUSION We have identified levels of circulating Plexin D1+ EVs as a novel serum biomarker for PM/DM.
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Suzuki H, Liu H, Bertinshaw J, Ueda K, Kim H, Laha S, Weber D, Yang Z, Wang L, Takahashi H, Fürsich K, Minola M, Lotsch BV, Kim BJ, Yavaş H, Daghofer M, Chaloupka J, Khaliullin G, Gretarsson H, Keimer B. Proximate ferromagnetic state in the Kitaev model material α-RuCl 3. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4512. [PMID: 34301938 PMCID: PMC8302668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
α-RuCl3 is a major candidate for the realization of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid, but its zigzag antiferromagnetic order at low temperatures indicates deviations from the Kitaev model. We have quantified the spin Hamiltonian of α-RuCl3 by a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study at the Ru L3 absorption edge. In the paramagnetic state, the quasi-elastic intensity of magnetic excitations has a broad maximum around the zone center without any local maxima at the zigzag magnetic Bragg wavevectors. This finding implies that the zigzag order is fragile and readily destabilized by competing ferromagnetic correlations. The classical ground state of the experimentally determined Hamiltonian is actually ferromagnetic. The zigzag state is stabilized by quantum fluctuations, leaving ferromagnetism – along with the Kitaev spin liquid – as energetically proximate metastable states. The three closely competing states and their collective excitations hold the key to the theoretical understanding of the unusual properties of α-RuCl3 in magnetic fields. RuCl3 has stood out as a prime candidate in the search for quantum spin liquids; however, its antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperature suggests deviations from typical QSL models. Here, using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, the authors provide a comprehensive determination of the low energy effective Hamiltonian.
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Ohta R, Yamada T, Sonoda H, Matsuda A, Shinji S, Takahashi G, Iwai T, Takeda K, Ueda K, Kuriyama S, Miyasaka T, Yokoyama Y, Hara K, Yoshida H. Detection of KRAS mutations in circulating tumour DNA from plasma and urine of patients with colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:3151-3156. [PMID: 34315643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is very useful for purposes of cancer genetics; however, it has some limitations. Recently, ctDNA in body fluids, such as urine, sputum, and pleural effusion, has been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantity of ctDNA derived from urine (trans-renal ctDNA) and the accuracy of KRAS mutation detection in relation to disease stage in colorectal cancer. METHODS Urine, plasma, and tissue samples were collected from consecutively resected colorectal cancer patients. DNA was extracted from each sample and the quantity was determined. From each DNA sample, KRAS mutations were detected using droplet digital PCR. RESULTS 200 patients participated and KRAS mutations were detected in 84 patients (42.0%) from tumour tissue. The concentration of trans-renal ctDNA (trtDNA) was significantly lower than that of plasma; however, there was no significant difference between the sensitivity using ctDNA and that using trtDNA (29.8% VS 33.3%, p = 0.62). Concordance between these two tests was only 17.5%. Combination analysis (ctDNA + trtDNA) improved the sensitivity to 53.6%, and sensitivity was significantly higher than that of corresponding single assays (p = 0.003). In early cancer stages, trtDNA had greater sensitivity for detecting KRAS mutations than ctDNA (37.7% vs. 21.3%, p = 0.047). Conversely, it was less useful for advanced cancer stages (21.7% vs. 52.2%, p = 0.07). Notably, KRAS mutations were detected using ctDNA or trtDNA in 12 of 116 (10.3%) patients who had no KRAS mutations in their tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS trtDNA and ctDNA have equal potential and combination analysis significantly improved the sensitivity.
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