High-Efficiency Arbitrary Quantum Operation on a High-Dimensional Quantum System

The ability to manipulate quantum systems lies at the heart of the development of quantum technology. The ultimate goal of quantum control is to realize arbitrary quantum operations (AQUOs) for all possible open quantum system dynamics. However, the demanding extra physical resources impose great obstacles. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a universal approach of AQUO on a photonic qudit with the minimum physical resource of a two-level ancilla and a log_{2}d-scale circuit depth for a d-dimensional system. The AQUO is then applied in a quantum trajectory simulation for quantum subspace stabilization and quantum Zeno dynamics, as well as incoherent manipulation and generalized measurements of the qudit. Therefore, the demonstrated AQUO for complete quantum control would play an indispensable role in quantum information science.

P–057 Preliminary evaluation of laser confocal Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive method for detecting sperm chromosome aneuploidy

Study question

To evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of Raman microspectra in detecting sperm chromosome balance state by DNA content difference.

Summary answer

Raman spectroscopy can identify the difference of X and Y sperm DNA content, but the accuracy still needed to be improved for clinical application.

What is known already

Aneuploid sperm fertilization affects embryo quality and leads to the waste of oocytes in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). Raman spectroscopy can identify substances and observe molecular changes through specific spectral patterns with high specificity and has become a new hot spot in ART. Previous research has used this technology to detect embryo culture medium to evaluate the aneuploidy of embryos. The DNA content of X and Y in sperm was different, which may serve as a marker for sperm aneuploidy detection by Raman spectroscopy.

Study design, size, duration

The significant difference in the morphology of the sex chromosomes of X and Y spermatozoa leads to a substantial difference in the DNA content. We perform Raman spectroscopy to identify the spectral differences of the sperms, especially the differences in sperm DNA content. We further verified the accuracy with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Spermatozoa were provided by healthy donors with normal aneuploidy, and analysis parameters met the current World Health Organization (WHO, 2010) standards. Sperm heads were detected by laser confocal Raman spectroscopy and obtained the corresponding spectra. The sperm chromosome information was classified by Standard principal component analysis (PCA) and identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Student’s t-test and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for further analysis.

Main results and the role of chance

Standard principal component analysis (PCA) after unqualified quality control divided spermatozoa into two groups according to the calculation and calibration results, 22 cases in group A and 31 cases in group B. Then, we conducted frequency distribution histogram statistics on the above data, and the results showed that there were differences in frequency distribution at I785 = 23,750 and Area714 –1162 = 3,250,000. The FISH analysis identified sex chromosomes of 59 spermatozoa, which was not exactly one-to-one correspondence with the results of PCA analysis. Then we further analyzed the sperm of 59 cases by statistical analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences between X sperm (n = 39) and Y sperm (n = 20) at 714–1162 cm–1 and 785 (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity of correlation between sperm DNA content and Raman spectra. The results showed that the corresponding thresholds of I785 = 24,986.5 and Area714–1162 cm–1 = 3,748,990 were the best for distinguishing the two kinds of sperm. When the sperm’s peak value of 785 or 714–1162cm–1 exceeds the above thresholds, X-sperm’s possibility greatly increased. The AUC of the ROC curve in both cases was 0.662 and 0.696, respectively.

Limitations, reasons for caution

Current Raman spectroscopy requires spermatozoa elution and fixation, which damage the sperms. Furthermore, current Raman spectral data are not obtained from the whole sperm head, limiting the accuracy of this technique.

Wider implications of the findings: Our results indicated that Raman spectroscopy had potential application value for sperm aneuploidy detection and could be used as a noninvasive selector for normal haploid sperms in the ART.

Trial registration number

LL-SC–2018–038

P–217 The mitochondrial DNA copy number of cumulus granulosa cells is associated with the symmetry of cleavage embryo but not blastocyst quality

Study question

To study the relationship between mitochondrial DNA copy number of cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs-mtDNA) and the quality of early embryos.

Summary answer

CGCs-mtDNA was related to the symmetry of cleavage. However, CGCs-mtDNA was not associated with fertilization, blastocysts quality, or blastocysts euploidy.

What is known already

The potential of early embryonic development mainly depends on the quality of oocytes to a large extent. Mitochondria of CGCs are directly involved in the establishment of oocytes capacitation during oocytes maturation and development.

Study design, size, duration

This is a retrospective study from December 2018 to January 2019, involving a total of 283 CGCs surrounding Metaphase II oocytes from 49 patients who underwent preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

We used the TaqMan probes to quantitatively detect mitochondrial DNA copy number of per CGCs by quantitative PCR in mitochondrial genes (MT-ND1 and MT-CO1) and a nuclear gene (β-globin). Besides, according to the nature of the dependent variable, the binary logistic regression model and the logistic regression analysis model of ordered multi-classification were used for multivariate statistical analysis.

Main results and the role of chance

The CGCs-mtDNA corresponding to fertilized eggs was not different from that of unfertilized eggs in MT-ND1 gene and MT-CO1 gene (MT-ND1: fertilized vs. unfertilized, 600±337 vs. 604±367, P = 0.593; MT-CO1: fertilized vs. unfertilized, 1336±531 vs. 1329±478, P = 0.938). Interestingly, we found that the CGCs-mtDNA of D3 embryos with good quality was statistically higher than that of D3 embryos with fair or poor quality for MT-ND1 gene and MT-CO1 gene (MT-ND1: good quality vs. fair/poor quality, 803±627 vs. 587±307, P = 0.028; MT-CO1: good quality vs. fair/poor quality, 1682±554 vs. 1374±702, P = 0.025). Moreover, the CGCs-mtDNA corresponding to D3 embryos with even cleavage was higher than that of D3 embryos with uneven cleavage (MT-ND1: even cleavage vs. uneven cleavage, 803±627 vs. 590±309, P = 0.036; MT-CO1: even cleavage vs. uneven cleavage, 1562±552 vs. 1316±525, P = 0.037). Besides, we investigated the difference among the CGCs-mtDNA in blastocysts with the good quality, blastocysts with fair or poor quality, and the developmental blocked embryos before the blastocyst stage. But we didn’t found any difference among the above three groups (MT-ND1: P = 0.531; MT-CO1: P = 0.609). In the study of the relationship between CGCs-mtDNA and blastocysts euploidy, we got similar results (MT-ND1: P = 0.602; MT-CO1: P = 0.570).

Limitations, reasons for caution

The sample size of this study was relatively small.

Wider implications of the findings: Although the sample size of this study is limited, our results indicated the importance of mitochondria in CGCs in early embryo development, especially in the first three days. The investigation of mitochondrial function in CGCs may shed light on the mechanism of CGCs-oocyte crosstalk.

Trial registration number

LL-SC–2019–005

P-525 Analysis of segregation patterns of trivalent structure and the effect on genome stability in Robertsonian translocation carriers

Study question

What are the factors that affect the separation pattern of Robertsonian translocation trivalent, and whether the structure of the trivalent affected the chromosome stability?

Summary answer

The meiotic segregation modes can be affected by the carrier’s sex and special chromosome, and a trivalent structure can affect the stability of the genome.

What is known already

Robertson translocation occurs when two proximal acrocentric chromosomes fuse at the centromere, and forms a trivalent structure during meiosis. This structure will affect the fertility of Robertsonian translocation carriers, and may destroy the stability of the genome by affecting the separation of other chromosomes, which is called Inter-Chromosomal Effect (ICE). Previous research have confirmed that the use of PGT in Robertsonian translocation carriers can effectively reduce abortion and increase live birth. But some studies dispute this conclusion and the existence of ICE. However, there is no large data study to verify these controversies.

Study design, size, duration

PGT results of 928 oocyte retrieval cycles in 763 couples(one of the couples is a Robertsonian translocation carrier) were analysied from December 2012 to June 2020. A total of 1492 couples who received PGT-A were collected as control group, and matched according to age and testing time stage. The study was approved by the ethics committee(LL-SC-SG-2006-008 and LL-SC-SG-2014-016).

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Cytogenetic analysis was performed using GTG standard method (trypsin and GiemsaG banding) to analyze the chromosomes of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Blastocysts obtained by standard IVF procedure were biopsied on the 5th or 6th morning after fertilization, and the trophoblast cells were amplified by PicoPLEX whole genome amplification kit (Rubicon Genology) or Repli-g Single Cell Kit(Qiagen). PGT-SR was performed using SNP array or NGS as previously described.

Main results and the role of chance

In this study, a total of 3423 blastocysts from 763 couples were analysed using SNP-array or NGS. Among them, the rate of alternate segregation of male Robertsonian translocation carriers was significantly higher than that in female carriers (82.26% vs 59.96%, P < 0.001), and meiotic segregation modes could be affected by the special chromosome such as 13 in female(P = 0.042) and 15 in male(P = 0.045) involved. A trivalent structure can affect the stability of the genome during mitosis, which is associated with an increase in the propotion of chromosome mosaic compared with the PGT-A control group(1.18% vs 0.53%, P < 0.01). In addition, we found an interesting phenomenon: in the meiotic segregation of female Robertsonian translocation carriers associated with chromosomes 21 and 22, the chromosome 21 or 22 of the two chromosomes involved in translocation are more likely to be abnormal, and according to our results, the effect of chromosome 21 seems to be greater.

Limitations, reasons for caution

(1) Limitations of retrospective analysis; (2) The results are not fully representative of the general population; (3) PGT-A patients always had repeated implantation failure or recurrent aboration, which may cause deviation to the results.

Wider implications of the findings

This study analyzed the influencing factors of the separation patterns of trivalent, and verified the existence of ICE. This suggest that PGT-SR can have a better outcome in patients with Robertsonian translocation, especially in male carriers. These results will provide carrier couple with more appropriate genetic counseling.

Trial registration number

no

P–568 Homozygous Pathogenic Variants in ACTL9 Cause Fertilization Failure and Male Infertility in Human and Mouse

Study question

What are the other male factors that cause total fertilization failure (TFF) excepting for variants in PLCZ1?

Summary answer

Homozygous variants in ACTL9 (actin like 9) cause abnormal localization of PLCζ in a loosened perinuclear theca (PT) structure and leads to TFF.

What is known already

In previous studies, investigators have reported that the female factors in TFF after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) include pathogenic variants in WEE2, TLE6, and TUBB8, whereas for male factors, pathogenic variants in PLCZ1 were reported to be the primary cause of TFF, which account for approximately 30% of couples with male factors in TFF excluding globozoospermia. Most recently, it was reported that pathogenic variants in ACTL7A led to reduced expression and abnormal localization of PLCζ, thereby identifying this genetic variant as a potential cause of TFF.

Study design, size, duration

Fifty-four infertile couples with TFF or poor fertilization (fertilization rate of < 20%) at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya during January 2014 to June 2020 were recruited into this study.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Male factors were identified in (MOAT). WES analysis was used to analyze the genetic factors of individuals with male factors. Sperm morphological study was conducted by H&E staining and TEM. Immunostaining of PLCζ was used to analyze the status of sperm-borne activation factor. A knock-in mouse model was generated by CRISPER-Cas9 technology. Sperm from homozygous Actl9 variant mice were analyzed by TEM and ICSI. ICSI with AOA was performed in couples with ACTL9 variants.

Main results and the role of chance

A total of 54 couples with TFF or poor fertilization were screened, with 21 couples determined to have a male infertility factor by MOAT. Whole-exome sequencing of these 21 male individuals identified three homozygous pathogenic variants in ACTL9 in three individuals. ACTL9 variations led to abnormal ultrastructure of the PT, with PLCζ absent in the head and present in the neck of the mutant sperm, which contributed to failed normal calcium oscillations in oocytes and subsequent TFF. The key roles of ACTL9 in the PT structure and TFF after ICSI were further confirmed in Actl9-mutated mouse model. Furthermore, assisted oocyte activation by calcium ionophore exposure successfully overcame TFF and achieved live births in a couple with an ACTL9 variant.

Limitations, reasons for caution

The mechanism of how ACTL9 regulate PLCζ remains unknown.

Wider implications of the findings: It provided a genetic marker and a therapeutic option for individuals who have undergone ICSI without successful fertilization.

Trial registration number

not applioable

P–525 Analysis of segregation patterns of trivalent structure and the effect on genome stability in Robertsonian translocation carriers

Study question

What are the factors that affect the separation pattern of Robertsonian translocation trivalent, and whether the structure of the trivalent affected the chromosome stability?

Summary answer

The meiotic segregation modes can be affected by the carrier’s sex and special chromosome, and a trivalent structure can affect the stability of the genome.

What is known already

Robertson translocation occurs when two proximal acrocentric chromosomes fuse at the centromere, and forms a trivalent structure during meiosis. This structure will affect the fertility of Robertsonian translocation carriers, and may destroy the stability of the genome by affecting the separation of other chromosomes, which is called Inter-Chromosomal Effect (ICE). Previous research have confirmed that the use of PGT in Robertsonian translocation carriers can effectively reduce abortion and increase live birth. But some studies dispute this conclusion and the existence of ICE. However, there is no large data study to verify these controversies.

Study design, size, duration

PGT results of 928 oocyte retrieval cycles in 763 couples(one of the couples is a Robertsonian translocation carrier) were analysied from December 2012 to June 2020. A total of 1492 couples who received PGT-A were collected as control group, and matched according to age and testing time stage. The study was approved by the ethics committee(LL-SC-SG–2006–008 and LL-SC-SG–2014–016).

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Cytogenetic analysis was performed using GTG standard method (trypsin and GiemsaG banding) to analyze the chromosomes of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Blastocysts obtained by standard IVF procedure were biopsied on the 5th or 6th morning after fertilization, and the trophoblast cells were amplified by PicoPLEX whole genome amplification kit (Rubicon Genology) or Repli-g Single Cell Kit(Qiagen). PGT-SR was performed using SNP array or NGS as previously described.

Main results and the role of chance

In this study, a total of 3423 blastocysts from 763 couples were analysed using SNP-array or NGS. Among them, the rate of alternate segregation of male Robertsonian translocation carriers was significantly higher than that in female carriers (82.26% vs 59.96%, P < 0.001), and meiotic segregation modes could be affected by the special chromosome such as 13 in female(P = 0.042) and 15 in male(P = 0.045) involved. A trivalent structure can affect the stability of the genome during mitosis, which is associated with an increase in the propotion of chromosome mosaic compared with the PGT-A control group(1.18% vs 0.53%, P < 0.01). In addition, we found an interesting phenomenon: in the meiotic segregation of female Robertsonian translocation carriers associated with chromosomes 21 and 22, the chromosome 21 or 22 of the two chromosomes involved in translocation are more likely to be abnormal, and according to our results, the effect of chromosome 21 seems to be greater.

Limitations, reasons for caution

(1) Limitations of retrospective analysis; (2) The results are not fully representative of the general population; (3) PGT-A patients always had repeated implantation failure or recurrent aboration, which may cause deviation to the results.

Wider implications of the findings: This study analyzed the influencing factors of the separation patterns of trivalent, and verified the existence of ICE. This suggest that PGT-SR can have a better outcome in patients with Robertsonian translocation, especially in male carriers. These results will provide carrier couple with more appropriate genetic counseling.

Trial registration number

no

Experimental Simulation of Open Quantum System Dynamics via Trotterization

Digital quantum simulators provide a diversified tool for solving the evolution of quantum systems with complicated Hamiltonians and hold great potential for a wide range of applications. Although much attention is paid to the unitary evolution of closed quantum systems, dissipation and noise are vital in understanding the dynamics of practical quantum systems. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a digital simulation of an open quantum system in a controllable Markovian environment with the assistance of a single ancillary qubit. By Trotterizing the quantum Liouvillians, the continuous evolution of an open quantum system is effectively realized, and its application in error mitigation is demonstrated by adjusting the simulated noise intensities. High-order Trotter for open quantum dynamics is also experimentally investigated and shows higher accuracy. Our results represent a significant step toward hardware-efficient simulation of open quantum systems and error mitigation in quantum algorithms in noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems.

POS0921 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ACEMETACIN IN THE TREATMENT OF 1215 ACTIVE ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS PATIENTS: DATA FROM A PROSPECTIVE COHORT MANAGED BY SMART-PHONE SPONDYLOARTHRITIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Background:

Biological DMARDs have widely used in the treatment of AS in last two decades, but NSAIDs still serves as a cornerstone in the treatment. Given the wide use of Acemetacin in AS and relative lack of clinical evidence on the selection of NSAIDs in the treatment of AS, the investigation on acemetacin treating AS is of great significance.

Objectives:

Our study aims to investigate efficacy and safety of acemetacin in the treatment of AS.

Methods:

Data on efficacy and safety is available in 1215 patients from the Chinese Ankylosing Spondylitis Imaging Cohort (CASPIC), which is collected through the Smart-phone SpondyloArthritis Management System (SpAMS)[1]. Patients’ self-assessments are completed online at baseline and every subsequent clinic visit. Physician-reported assessments, laboratory tests, and treatments were recorded by rheumatologists at every clinic visit.

Results:

1215 patients with AS were registered, of whom 992 were treated with acemetacin and 123 were treated with other NSAIDs. The results showed that total back pain and BASFI were significantly improved after three-month treatment of acemetacin, while comparing to other NSAIDs (P=0.027 and 0.015, respectively). After six-month treatment, patients taking acemetacin showed greater improvement in PGA (P=0.013), total back pain (P=0.049), night back pain (P=0.047), BASFI (P=0.042), ASDAS (P=0.007) and CRP (P=0.032) compared to those taking other NSAIDs. During the follow-up periods, no serious adverse events were reported. Mild abnormal liver function occurred in nine patients (9/992) treated with acemetacin and in six patients treated with other NSAIDs (6/123). See Table 1 for details.

Conclusion:

Acemetacin showed better efficacy and acceptable safety profile in the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis comparing with other NSAIDs.

References:

[1]Ji, X., et al., Improvement of Disease Management and Cost Effectiveness in Chinese Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Using a Smart-Phone Management System: A Prospective Cohort Study. BioMed research international, 2019. 2019: p. 2171475.

Table 1.

The comparation of two groups at 0, 3 and 6 months after treatment

Baseline3 months6 months95%CIP95%CIP95%CIPPGA-0.13(-0.49, 0.24)0.494-0.28(-0.74, 0.18)0.235-0.59(-1.06, -1.13)0.013*Total back pain-0.03(-0.37, 0.32)0.889-0.50(-0.94, -0.06)0.027*-0.44(-0.88, -0.002)0.049*Night back pain0.01(-0.36, 0.38)0.956-0.30(-0.75, 0.16)0.203-0.46(-0.91, -0.006)0.047*BASFI-0.30(-0.59, 0.004)0.053-0.55(-0.99, -0.11)0.015*-0.34(-0.67, -0.01)0.042*ASDAS-0.10(-0.29, 0.08)0.287-0.15(-0.46, 0.16)0.342-0.41(-0.70, -0.11)0.007*CRP-4.39(-8.87, 0.10)0.0550.91(-10.39, 12.21)0.874-7.86(-15.03, -0.68)0.032*

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

POS1481-HPR SEXUAL EXPERIENCE IN MALE PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: RESULTS FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF 113 PATIENTS

Background:

The expression and experience of sexuality is a key part of an individual self-identity1, so it is essential for both healthy individuals and patients. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may be susceptible to sexual issues due to disease activity, dysfunction and comorbid emotional problems. However, sexuality, especially sexual experience, are rarely paid attention in patients with AS.

Objectives:

Our study aims to assess sexual experience in male patients with AS, and analyze the factors affecting sexual experience.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 113 patients with AS and 46 healthy people were investigated, matched according to age and body mass index. The Sexual Experience Questionnaire is used to assess male sexual experience. Linear regression analysis is used to explore the contributions of clinical variables to worse sexual experience.

Results:

There is a significant difference in the total sexual experience score between AS patients and healthy controls (41.92±8.83 vs 46.98±8.10, P=0.0013). Also, patients with AS have a worse score in all dimensions of sexual experience, including erectile function, individual satisfaction and couple satisfaction, comparing to healthy people. In the regression model after controlling for the effects of age, disease duration and body mass index, disease activity (BASDAI), function (BASFI), mobility (BASMI, chest expansion and finger-floor distance), health index (ASAS HI), sleep quality (PSQI) and psychological status (HADS, HADS-A and HADS-D) are significant determinants of sexual experience, including erectile function (except for chest expansion), individual satisfaction (except for BASMI) and couple satisfaction (except for BASMI). See Table 1 for details.

Table 1.

Multivariable regression analysis of association between sexual experience and clinical outcomes

IndependentSexual experience total scoreErectile functionIndividual satisfactionCouple satisfactionβ (95%CI)Pβ (95%CI)Pβ (95%CI)Pβ (95%CI)PPain total-0.09 (-0.25, 0.07)0.28-0.27 (-0.58, 0.03)0.073-0.51 (-0.91, -0.100.014-0.15 (-0.32, 0.02)0.077BASDAI1.35 (-2.24, -0.45)0.003-0.42 (-0.75, -0.09)0.014-0.72 (-1.16, -0.28)0.001-0.21 (-0.40, -0.02)0.028BASFI-1.80 (-2.59, -1.01)<0.001-0.62 (-0.91, -0.32)<0.001-0.89 (-1.28, -0.50)<0.001-0.30 (-0.47, -0.13)0.001BASMI-1.04 (-2.01, -0.07)0.036-0.47 (-0.82, -0.12)0.008-0.48 (-0.96, 0.001)0.051-0.09 (-0.29, 0.12)0.413Chest expansion1.60 (0.24, 2.96)0.0210.50 (-0.004, 0.99)0.0520.74 (0.07, 1.42)0.0320.36 (0.08, 0.64)0.011Finger-floor distance-0.20 (-0.33, -0.07)0.003-0.07 (-0.11, -0.02)0.009-0.10 (-0.17, -0.03)0.003-0.04 (-0.06, -0.01)0.011ASAS HI-1.27 (-1.64, -0.91)<0.001-0.42 (-0.55, -0.28)<0.001-0.62 (-0.80, -0.43)<0.001-0.24 (-0.32, -0.16)<0.001PSQI-0.60 (-1.11, -0.09)0.021-0.19 (-0.38, -0.004)0.045-0.28 (-0.54, -0.03)0.03-0.13 (-0.23, -0.02)0.019HADS-0.53 (-0.76, -0.29)<0.001-0.18 (-0.27, -0.09)<0.001-0.24 (-0.36, -0.13)<0.001-0.10 (-0.15, -0.05)<0.001HADS-A-0.86 (-1.30, -0.42)<0.001-0.28 (-0.44, -0.12)0.001-0.42 (-0.63, -0.20)<0.001-0.17 (-0.26, -0.07)<0.001HADS-D-0.99 (-1.45, -0.53)<0.001-0.35 (-0.52, -0.19)<0.001-0.44 (-0.67, -0.21)<0.001-0.20 (-0.29, -0.10)<0.001

Conclusion:

Worse sexual experience is associated with increased disease activity, decreased function, poor mobility, decreased health index, poor sleep quality and psychological status. Therefore, special attention to worse sexual experience in patients with AS is essential to assess disease-related suffering and develop new patient management strategies.

References:

[1]Hill J, Bird H, Thorpe R. Effects of rheumatoid arthritis on sexual activity and relationships. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2003. 42(2):280-6.

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

[Correlation between systemic inflammation level and emphysema degree and bone mineral density in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and its mechanism]

Objective: To study the correlation between systemic inflammation level and emphysema degree and bone mineral density in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and its possible mechanism. Methods: 90 patients with stable COPD who met the inclusion criteria and 50 controls in the physical examination center during the same period were recruited. All the enrolled objects have collected general clinical data, analyzed peripheral blood samples, measuring the Low-attenuation area of lung and CT value of lumbar 1 vertebra (L1-CT) by chest spiral CT. According to LAA%, COPD patients were divided into 36 cases of the non-emphysema group, 32cases of mild to moderate emphysema group, and 22 cases of severe emphysema group. The correlation between L1-CT value, LAA%, peripheral blood inflammatory factors, and pulmonary function indices in each group was analyzed and compared. Results: The HU value of L1-CT (107±32) in the COPD group was significantly lower than that in the control group (153±30), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The higher the LAA% in COPD patients was, the lower the value of L1-CT was, and the difference between groups was statistically significant. Compared with COPD patients in the non-emphysema group, peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all increased in the emphysema group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). L1-CT was negatively correlated with LAA, PLR, NLR, and CRP while uncorrelated with serum concentration of calcium and phosphorus. Conclusion: The decrease in bone density in COPD patients is closely related to the degree of emphysema. It is associated with increased levels of systemic inflammation caused by COPD itself. Early and timely broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory treatment may have certain clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of comorbidity with osteoporosis.

Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging in synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint

The aim of this paper was to investigate the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fourteen patients with SC of the TMJ were included in the study. Clinical and MRI features were analysed and divided into three types based on MRI classification: type I with loose bodies, type II with homogeneous masses, and type III with a mixture of loose bodies and homogeneous masses. All SCs occurred in the superior compartment of the TMJ. There were two patients (14%) categorised as type I, five (36%) as type II and seven (50%) as type III. Four patients (29%) had disc perforation, and nine had bone erosion; among those nine, seven (78%) had type III and two (22%) type II. Histological examination showed inflammation and calcification in the synovial membrane and, and cartilage of the hyaline type in all cases. MRI has advantages in the diagnosis of SC.

[Serum C-reactive protein, cholinesterase and prealbumin are correlated with prognosis of severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients]

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum cholinesterase (ChE), prealbumin (PA) and mortality in severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: During the period from January 29 to March 30, 2020, a total of 344 COVID-19 patients were admitted to west branch of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. One-hundred and ninety-two patients were diagnosed with common type and excluded, and 34 patients were transferred to LeiShenShan or other medical units. The remaining 118 patients were severe cases, and 18 cases were excluded due to incomplete data. A total of 100 severe COVID-19 patients were finally collected. According to the outcome, the patients were divided into death group (37 cases) and survival group(63 cases), and the levels of serum CRP, ChE and PA were compared. Statistical analysis were performed by SPSS25.0. Results: There were 53 male patients in this study. The level of CRP in death group was significantly more elevated compare to the survival group [(95.72±39.56) mg/L vs. (22.21±20.75) mg/L, P<0.01]. On the contrary, serum ChE in death group was remarkably decreased [(5 082±1 566) U/L vs. (7 075±1 680) U/L, P<0.01]. Also, serum PA in death group was significantly lower [(86.18±47.94) mg/L vs. (167.40±57.82) mg/L, P<0.01]. Univariate analysis showed that CRP and PA had an impact on the survival of critical patients, but multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that CRP was the independent factor affecting the survival of critical patients. Conclusions: CRP is generally elevated in severe patients with COVID-19, and serum ChE and PA accordingly decrease. CRP and PA have influence on patients' survival, but only CRP demonstrates predictive value for prognosis in critical patients with COVID-19.

Waves of Change: Brain Sensitivity to Differential, not Absolute, Stimulus Intensity is Conserved Across Humans and Rats

Living in rapidly changing environments has shaped the mammalian brain toward high sensitivity to abrupt and intense sensory events-often signaling threats or affordances requiring swift reactions. Unsurprisingly, such events elicit a widespread electrocortical response (the vertex potential, VP), likely related to the preparation of appropriate behavioral reactions. Although the VP magnitude is largely determined by stimulus intensity, the relative contribution of the differential and absolute components of intensity remains unknown. Here, we dissociated the effects of these two components. We systematically varied the size of abrupt intensity increases embedded within continuous stimulation at different absolute intensities, while recording brain activity in humans (with scalp electroencephalography) and rats (with epidural electrocorticography). We obtained three main results. 1) VP magnitude largely depends on differential, and not absolute, stimulus intensity. This result held true, 2) for both auditory and somatosensory stimuli, indicating that sensitivity to differential intensity is supramodal, and 3) in both humans and rats, suggesting that sensitivity to abrupt intensity differentials is phylogenetically well-conserved. Altogether, the current results show that these large electrocortical responses are most sensitive to the detection of sensory changes that more likely signal the sudden appearance of novel objects or events in the environment.

BMI modifies the association between serum HDL cholesterol and stroke in a hypertensive population without atrial fibrillation

PURPOSE

Both high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and body mass index (BMI) have an impact on the prevalence of stroke. However, it is unclear whether BMI can modify the relationship between HDL-C and stroke. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of the BMI on the association between HDL-C and stroke in a hypertensive population without atrial fibrillation (AF).

METHODS

We analyzed data of 10,925 hypertensive patients without AF from the Chinese Hypertension Registry Study. BMI was categorized as < 24 and ≥ 24 kg/m². Multivariate logistic regression and smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method) were used to analyze the association between HDL-C and stroke in different BMI groups. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were used to explore the effect of other variables on this relationship.

RESULTS

The results showed a negative association between HDL-C and stroke in the BMI < 24 kg/m² group, but HDL-C was not associated with stroke in the BMI ≥ 24 kg/m² group. In the BMI < 24 kg/m² group, each 1 mmol/L increase in HDL-C was associated with a 50% decreased risk of stroke [odds ratio (OR) 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.66]. No significant relationship between HDL-C and stroke was observed in the BMI ≥ 24 kg/m² group (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.49-1.10). There was a significant interaction between BMI and HDL-C in regard to the prevalence of stroke in the hypertensive population without AF (P_Interaction = 0.027).

CONCLUSIONS

We found an inverse association between HDL-C and stroke only in the BMI < 24 kg/m² group. The finding suggested that BMI could modify the association between HDL-C and stroke in hypertensive populations without AF.

[Effects of NOX4 on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway]

Objective: To explore the relationship between NOX4 and radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Methods: Western blot was used to test the expression of NOX4 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE1, CNE2 and HONE1) and normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NP69). The lentiviral vectors for RNA interference and overexpression of NOX4 gene were constructed and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were transfected. After treatment with radiation or/and PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002, the expressions of related proteins in cells were tested by Western blot, and the cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and the cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. GraphPad Prism 5 was used for statistical analysis, and P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results: The expressions of NOX4 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were higher than those in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Compared with the siNC group, the siNOX4 group of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell had lower proliferation capacity [72 h absorbance (A) value:1.16 vs. 0.75] and higher apoptosis rate (2.9% vs. 10.0%). In contrast,compared with the vector group, the NOX4 group of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell had higher proliferation capacity [72 h absorbance (A) value: 1.01 vs. 1.32] and lower apoptotic rate (1.7% vs. 1.1%).Treatment with LY294002 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells of NOX4 overexpression,compared with the NOX4 group, the proliferation ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in the NOX4+LY294002 group was reduced (72 h absorbance (A) value: 1.32 vs. 0.77), while the apoptotic rate was increased (1.1% vs. 3.1%).Treatment with radiotherapy, compared with the siNC/Vector group, the proliferation ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in the siNOX4 group was reduced (72 h absorbance (A) value: 0.72 vs. 0.33), and the apoptotic rate was increased (7.8% vs. 17.3%). However, in the NOX4 group, the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was enhanced (72 h absorbance (A) value:0.65 vs. 0.78), and the apoptotic rate was reduced (8.1% vs. 3.8%). Compared with the NOX4+radiation group, the proliferation ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in the NOX4+radiation+LY294002 group was reduced (72 h absorbance (A) value: 0.79 vs. 0.56), while the apoptotic rate was increased (3.8% vs. 8.1%). Conclusion: NOX4 can inhibit radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells possibly by activating PI3K/AKT pathway.

The effects of kinesiophobia on outcome following total knee replacement: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION

Kinesiophobia, the fear of physical movement and activity related to injury vulnerability, has been linked to sub-optimal outcomes following total knee replacement (TKR). This systematic review has two aims: to define the relationship between kinesiophobia and functional outcomes, pain and range of motion following TKR, and to evaluate published treatments for kinesiophobia following TKR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A primary search of electronic databases, grey literature, and trial registries was performed in March 2020. English-language studies recruiting adult primary TKR patients, using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) were included. Outcome measures were grouped into short (< 6 months), medium (6-12 months), and long term (> 12 months). Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cohort or case control studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool for randomised controlled trials.

RESULTS

All thirteen included papers (82 identified) showed adequately low risk of methodological bias. TSK1 (activity avoidance) correlated with WOMAC functional score at 12 months in three studies (r = 0.20 p < 0.05, R = 0.317 p = 0.001, and correlation coefficient 0.197 p = 0.005). TSK score significantly correlated with mean active range of motion (ROM) at 2 weeks [65.98 (SD = 14.51) versus 47.35 (SD = 14.48) p = 0.000], 4 weeks [88.20 (SD = 15.11) versus 57.65 (SD = 14.80) p = 0.000], and 6 months [105.33 (SD = 12.34) versus 85.53 (SD = 14.77) p = 0.000] post-operation. Three post-operative interventions improved TSK score vs control following TKR: a home-based functional exercise programme [TSK - 14.30 (SD = 0.80) versus - 2.10 (SD = 0.80) p < 0.001], an outpatient cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programme [TSK 27.76 (SD = 4.56) versus 36.54 (SD = 3.58)], and video-based psychological treatment [TSK 24 (SD = 5) versus 29 (SD = 5) p < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONS

Kinesiophobia negatively affects functional outcomes up until 1 year post-operatively, while active ROM is reduced up to 6 months post-procedure. Post-operative functional and psychological interventions can improve kinesiophobia following TKR.

Alterations in immune and antioxidant gene networks by gamma-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid in bovine mammary epithelial cells are attenuated by in vitro supply of methionine and arginine

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor 1 (NOD1) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor with a crucial role in the innate immune response of cells triggered by the presence of compounds such as gamma-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) present in the peptidoglycan of all gram-negative and certain gram-positive bacteria. Methionine (Met) and arginine (Arg) are functional AA with immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of increased Met and Arg supply on mRNA abundance of genes associated with innate immune response, antioxidant function, and AA metabolism during iE-DAP challenge in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). Primary BMEC (n = 4 per treatment) were precultured in modified medium for 12 h with the following AA formulations: ideal profile of AA (control), increased Met supply (incMet), increased Arg supply (incArg), or increased supply of Met plus Arg (incMetArg). Subsequently, cells were challenged with or without iE-DAP (10 μg/mL) for 6 h. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. Greater mRNA abundance of NOD1, the antioxidant enzyme SOD1, and AA transporters (SLC7A1 and SLC3A2) was observed in the incMet cells after iE-DAP stimulation. Although increased Met alone had no effect, incMetArg led to greater abundance of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and the antioxidant enzyme GPX1 after iE-DAP stimulation. The increased Arg alone downregulated NOD1 after iE-DAP stimulation, coupled with a downregulation in the AA transporters mRNA abundance (SLC7A1, SLC7A5, SLC3A2, and SLC38A9), and upregulation in GSS and KEAP1 mRNA abundance. Overall, the data indicated that increased supply of both Met and Arg in the culture medium were more effective in modulating the innate immune response and antioxidant capacity of BMEC during in vitro iE-DAP stimulation.

Manipulating Complex Hybrid Entanglement and Testing Multipartite Bell Inequalities in a Superconducting Circuit

Quantum correlations in observables of multiple systems not only are of fundamental interest, but also play a key role in quantum information processing. As a signature of these correlations, the violation of Bell inequalities has not been demonstrated with multipartite hybrid entanglement involving both continuous and discrete variables. Here we create a five-partite entangled state with three superconducting transmon qubits and two photonic qubits, each encoded in the mesoscopic field of a microwave cavity. We reveal the quantum correlations among these distinct elements by joint Wigner tomography of the two cavity fields conditional on the detection of the qubits and by test of a five-partite Bell inequality. The measured Bell signal is 8.381±0.038, surpassing the bound of 8 for a four-partite entanglement imposed by quantum correlations by 10 standard deviations, demonstrating the genuine five-partite entanglement in a hybrid quantum system.

TAZ Regulates Bladder Cancer Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis via p38 Activity.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-95663/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0]

Background The progression of cancer is driven by the deregulation of various signaling pathways, especially Hippo and p38 MAPK pathway. TAZ, a downstream target of Hippo pathway, has been demonstrated to promote tumorigenesis in various cancers, but the functions of both Hippo and p38 signaling in bladder cancer cells are still unclear. Methods T24 and 5637 cells with knockdown of TAZ were constructed. EdU cell proliferation assay and western blot were used to illustrate the effects of TAZ on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells and the expression of p38 protein and phosphorylation. We overexpressed Flag-tagged TAZ in 293T cells. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to further illustrate the effect of TAZ on the expression level of p38. The p38 inhibitor (PH-797804) combined with western blot and EDU cell proliferation assay were used to show whether TAZ affects the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by regulating the activity of p38.Results The shTAZ contained in T24 and 5637 cells significantly inhibited bladder cancer cells proliferation, in addition, the knockdown of TAZ-induced apoptosis of T24 and 5637 cells was found out. The loss of TAZ led to the upregulation of p38 protein as well as phosphorylation. The over-expression of Flag-TAZ had no obvious effect on p38 mRNA level, but p38 protein was reduced clearly in 293T cells. ShTAZ induced the upregulation of cleaved-caspase 3, which disappeared when treated with PH-797804, a p38 inhibitor, and the reduction to EdU positive cells induced by shTAZ was reversed by PH-797804 treatment, which suggested that p38 activity could mediate both cell proliferation and apoptosis regulated by TAZ knockdown. Conclusions In this study, it was demonstrated that TAZ could regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by regulating the stability of p38 protein. Our finding uncovered the novel functional interaction between Hippo and p38 MAPK pathway. An in-depth understanding of this question may indicate a new direction of diagnosis or treatment for bladder cancer.

Edaravone protects from retinal injury through NF-κB in diabetic rats

OBJECTIVE

To observe whether edaravone has a therapeutic and protective effect on retinal injury in diabetic rats through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The Sprague-Dawley rat model of diabetes was established and divided into diabetes model group (model group) and edaravone treatment group (treatment group). Also, normal control group (control group) was set up. After successful modeling, the blood and retinal tissues of rats were collected. Then, the blood glucose content and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected. Antioxidant indexes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the number of corneal nerve fibers was observed microscopically. Moreover, the gene and protein expressions of SOD and NF-κB pathway in tissues were detected via quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting.

RESULTS

The level of blood glucose in model group was increased compared with that in control group (p<0.05), indicating the successful modeling. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-1 were significantly higher in model group than those in control group. In terms of the antioxidant indexes, the level of MDA in model group was significantly higher than that in other two groups, while the level of SOD in treatment group was significantly increased and close to that in control group. Besides, the number of corneal nerve fibers significantly declined in model group, while it was increased in treatment group but still lower than that in control group. According to the gene detection results, the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 was markedly higher in model group than that in control group, and it was decreased in treatment group, while the mRNA expression of SOD showed the opposite trend. The protein expression of NF-κB p65 was remarkably higher in model group than in control group, was decreased in treatment group, and was close to that in control group, while the protein expression of SOD showed the opposite trend.

CONCLUSIONS

Edaravone can affect the oxidation and antioxidation through the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby exerting a therapeutic and protective effect on retinal injury in diabetic rats.