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Robert L. Serum haptoglobin in clinical biochemistry: change of a paradigm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 61:277-9. [PMID: 24011966 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Serum haptoglobin (Hp) was discovered by Max Fernand Jayle as a young assistant professor in the Department of Biochemistry of the Paris Medical Faculty, headed by Professor Michel Polonovski. Jayle showed that Hp was an acute phase glycoprotein and worked out its routine determination in the blood-serum, based on its complex formation with hemoglobin, using the increased peroxidase activity of the hemoglobin-haptoglobin (Hb-Hp) complex, for routine determination in clinical biochemistry for the characterisation of inflammatory processes, together with other acute phase glycoproteins as orosomucoide. Later Smithies described the genetic control of human Hp-isoforms and quite recently Andersen et al. reported the elucidation of the crystal structure of the porcine Hb-Hp complex. In that article there was no mention of the discovery of Hp, neither of its determination in clinical biochemistry as an inflammatory marker. The only biologically significant role assigned to Hp by Andersen et al. is its (hypothetical) role to prevent or minimize the harmful effects of Hb during intravascular hemolysis, by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and complexing it. This shift of paradigm, not at all exceptional in medical biochemistry, will be described and discussed with its pitfalls and consequences.
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Agassant JF, Arda DR, Combeaud C, Merten A, Münstedt H, Mackley MR, Robert L, Vergnes B. Polymer Processing Extrusion Instabilities and Methods for their Elimination or Minimisation. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents and reviews findings in relation to three key areas where polymer processing instabilities occur. The paper also describes methods that can be utilised to reduce, or eliminate, the particular instability. Using previously published results in each of the three areas and work presented in the paper, physical insight into the three mechanisms is reviewed and compared. Extrusion instabilities develop with increasing extrusion rate and the onset of extrusion instability is often a key limitation to the maximum output of an extrusion line. The sharkskin instability is an exit effect instability that can be modified by changing exit geometries and eliminated using certain additives. The stick-spurt instability is intimately related to wall boundary conditions which can be influenced by certain wall and polymer formulations. Finally volume instabilities occur in the entry region of a die and result in a highly distorted product. The instabilities are related to viscoelastic effects within the die and can be minimised by appropriate die and polymer modification. The paper provides sufficient experimental background to identify the key physical aspects associated with each of the instabilities and this in turn provides insight into the different way each instability occurs and how they can be minimised.
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Robert AM, Renard G, Robert L, Bourges JL. [The irido-corneo-endothelial syndrome. The loss of the control of corneal endothelial cell cycle. A review]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 61:75-82. [PMID: 23123109 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The three major symptoms of the irido-corneo-endothelial syndrome are the alterations of the corneal endothelium and of the iris with a loss of the regulation of the cell cycle, and the progressive obstruction of the irido-corneal angle. This rare pathology attacks mainly young adult women. Most of the symptoms and complications originate from the excessive proliferation of the corneal endothelial cells accompanied by the evolution of their phenotype towards that of the epithelial cells. In normal conditions the corneal endothelial cells do not divide, they are blocked in the G1 stage of the cell cycle, mainly because of the action of the inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. Still these cells retain a good capacity for proliferation, which can be induced by the down-regulation of the expression of the inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases. This proliferative capacity declines with age and is also different according to the localization of the cells: it is more intense with those originating from the central area then in those from the peripheral area of the cornea. The age-related decline of the proliferative capacity is not due to the shortening of the telomers, but to the stress-induced accelerated senescence of the cells.
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Farge D, Robert L, Verrecchia F. [Introduction to this issue]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:155. [PMID: 22655680 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Skin is the most voluminous organ of the body. It assumes several important physiological functions and represents also a "social interface" between an individual and other members of society. This is the main reason its age-dependent modifications are in the forefront of dermatological research and of the "anti-aging" cosmetic industry. Here we concentrate on some aspects only of skin aging, as far as the cellular and extracellular matrix components of skin are concerned. Most well studied mechanisms of skin aging can be situated at the postgenetic level, both epigenetic and post-translational mechanisms being involved. Some of these mechanisms will be reviewed as well as the capacity of fucose- and rhamnose-rich oligo- and polysaccharides (FROP and RROP) to counteract several of the mechanisms involved in skin aging.
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Robert L. Longevity and aging, genetic and post-genetic mechanisms. Which target to choose for postponing and treating age-related diseases. Eur Geriatr Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Borel JP, Maquart FX, Robert AM, Labat-Robert J, Robert L. Celebration of the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the French society for connective tissue research. Its short history in the frame of the origin and development of this discipline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:2-6. [PMID: 22265965 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The science of connective tissues has (at least) a double origin. Collagen, their major constituent was first studied in conjunction with the leather industry. Acid mucopolysaccharides (now glycosaminoglycans) were characterised by (bio)-chemists interested in glycoconjugates. They joined mainly hospital-based rheumatology departments. Later started the study of elastin with the discovery of elastases and of connective tissue-born (structural) glycoproteins. Besides rhumatologists and leather-chemists mainly pathologists became involved in this type of research, followed closely by ophthalmology research. The first important meetings of these diverse specialists were organised under the auspices of NATO, first in Saint-Andrew's in GB in 1964 and a few years later (1969) in Santa Margareta, Italy. With the discovery of fibronectin, a "structural glycoprotein", started the study of cell-matrix interactions, reinforced by the identification of cell-receptors mediating them and the "cross-talk" between cells and matrix constituents. The first initiative to organise societies for this rapidly growing discipline was that of Ward Pigman in New York in 1961, restricted however to glycol-conjugates. Next year, in 1962 was founded the first European Connective Tissue Society in Paris: the "Club français du tissu conjonctif", which played a crucial role in the establishment of schools, laboratories, national and international meetings in the major cities of France: Paris, Lyon, Reims, Caen,Toulouse. A second European society was born in Great Britain, and at a joint meeting with the French society at the Paris Pasteur Institute, was founded in 1967 by these societies the Federation of European Connective Tissue Societies (FECTS). Their meetings, organised every second year, drained a wide attendance from all over the world. An increasing number of young scientists joined since then this branch of biomedical discipline with several international journals devoted to connective tissue research, to matrix biology. The increasing number and quality of the young generation of scientists engaged in research related to the extracellular matrix or better Biomatrix and cell-matrix interactions is a further guarantee for the continued interest in this crucial field of science at the interface of basic and medically oriented research.
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Labat-Robert J, Robert L. Fifty years of structural glycoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:66-75. [PMID: 22227294 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
During decades preceding and following the last war, a favourite subject of biochemists was to study glycoproteins. One class of these substances, found in connective tissues were characterised as polysaccharides, most of them found to be linked to proteins, designated later as glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Another family of glycoconjugates represented epithelial mucins as found in the gastro-intestinal and respiratory tracts and conduits. A third family of glycoconjugates is represented by circulating glycoproteins isolated from the blood plasma, mostly studied by medical biochemists in relation to pathological conditions comprising those increasing during the inflammatory reaction: acute phase glycoproteins. Their study suggested that they might be derived from connective tissues. Although inflammatory glycoproteins derive mostly from the liver, the possibility of connective tissue origin of glycoproteins remained open. Using cornea, an avascular tissue, we could show that connective tissues also synthesize glycoproteins. We proposed to designate them "structural glycoproteins" (SGP-s) to distinguish them from circulating, blood-born glycoproteins coming from the liver. They play locally "structural" roles in connective tissues where they are synthesized. Soon after fibronectin was identified and shown to mediate cell-matrix interactions. A large family of glycoproteins were then isolated from a variety of sources, cells, tissues others than liver, confirming our original hypothesis. The first experiments on these glycoproteins were published from 1961/1962 giving the opportunity to recapitulate this biochemical adventure 50 years later, together with the celebration of the foundation of the first connective tissue society in Europe, as described in the first article in this issue.
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Farge D, Robert L, Verecchia F. [Pathologie Biologie: an evolution]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 59:293. [PMID: 22137193 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Robert L, Robert AM, Labat-Robert J. The Maillard reaction – Illicite (bio)chemistry in tissues and food. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 59:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Singh A, Metwally K, Michel G, Queste S, Robert L, Khan-Malek C. Injection Moulding Using an Exchangeable Si Mould Insert. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2174/1876402911103030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Faury G, Molinari J, Rusova E, Mariko B, Raveaud S, Huber P, Velebny V, Robert A, Robert L. Receptors and aging: Structural selectivity of the rhamnose-receptor on fibroblasts as shown by Ca2+-mobilization and gene-expression profiles. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 53:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Labat-Robert J, Robert L, Pouliquen Y. Les tissus conjonctifs, de l’origine du concept à sa « mutation » en matrice extracellulaire. Application aux tissus oculaires. Contribution à l’histoire des sciences médicales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 59:183-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stradella A, Lopez-Pousa A, Quintana MJ, Murata P, Ortin M, Gallego O, Sullivan I, Robert L, Sebio A, Gracia I, De Vega JM, Barnadas A. High-dose chemotherapy plus autologous stem cell transplation (HDCT/ SCT) in patients with sarcoma: A single institution experience. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Robert L, Maroto JP, Sebio A, Martin C, Palou J, Sancho G, Sullivan I, Murata P, Stradella A, Barnadas A. Docetaxel rechallenge in patients with prostate cancer progressing under castration levels of testosterone (PPuCT): A single-center study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sullivan I, Maroto JP, Martin C, Robert L, Sebio A, Murata P, Stradella A, Sancho G, Gomez de Segura G, Palou J. Risk of local relapse, second nonurinary neoplasms, and noncancer-related mortality after conservative management for invasive bladder cancer: A single-center experience. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gaudet DA, Wang Y, Frick M, Puchalski B, Penniket C, Ouellet T, Robert L, Singh J, Laroche A. Low temperature induced defence gene expression in winter wheat in relation to resistance to snow moulds and other wheat diseases. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:99-110. [PMID: 21421352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cold hardening of winter wheat at 2 °C for 1-6 wks increased resistance to the snow mould pathogens LTB, Typhula incarnata, and Microdochium nivale as well as to powdery mildew (Blumaria graminis f. sp. graminis) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis). Using microarrays and hardening of winter wheat for 0.25, 0.5, 1, 7, 21 and 49 d, an upregulation of a wide range of stress-response genes that include defence-related and abiotic stress-related genes, transcription factors including several lipoxygenases and ethylene responsive factors, and WRKY genes was observed. For the majority of these genes, the upregulation occurred later in the 21-49 d hardening treatments and coincided with the highest expression levels of snow mould resistance. Defence-related sequences were upregulated to a greater extent and were more numerous in the snow mould resistant line CI14106 compared to cold hardy DH+268. Transcript profiling of candidate defence and other stress-related genes under prolonged conditions at -3 °C with or without snow mould infection showed that there was a decline in transcripts of the defence-related genes PR1.1b and NPR3 during the 12wks incubation. Additionally, 14 d hardening was insufficient to permit full expression of the jasmonic acid synthesis gene, allene oxide synthase (AOS) and the fructan degrading enzyme β-fructofuranosidase compared the 42 d hardening treatment. The snow mould resistant line CI14106 was able to maintain higher transcript levels of AOS for longer conditions compared to the susceptible line Norstar under artificial snow mould conditions. These results explain the nature of cold-induced resistance to snow moulds and provide direction on establishing selection criteria for improving resistance and cold tolerance in winter wheat.
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Robert L. [How does one determine the age of E coli?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2010; 26:900-2. [PMID: 21106165 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20102611900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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De Paepe M, De Monte S, Robert L, Lindner AB, Taddei F. Emergence of variability in isogenic Escherichia coli populations infected by a filamentous virus. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11823. [PMID: 20676396 PMCID: PMC2910729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of epidemics not only depends on the average number of parasites produced per host, but also on the existence of highly infectious individuals. It is widely accepted that infectiousness depends on genetic and environmental determinants. However, even in clonal populations of host and viruses growing in homogeneous conditions, high variability can exist. Here we show that Escherichia coli cells commonly display high differentials in viral burst size, and address the kinetics of emergence of such variability with the non-lytic filamentous virus M13. By single-cell imaging of a virally-encoded fluorescent reporter, we monitor the viral charge distribution in infected bacterial populations at different time following infection. A mathematical model assuming autocatalytic virus replication and inheritance of bacterial growth rates quantitatively reproduces the experimental distributions, demonstrating that deterministic amplification of small host inhomogeneities is a mechanism sufficient to explain large and highly skewed distributions. This mechanism of amplification is general and may occur whenever a parasite has an initial phase of exponential growth within its host. Moreover, it naturally reproduces the shift towards higher virulence when the host is experimenting poor conditions, as observed commonly in host-parasite systems.
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Decultot N, Robert L, Velay V, Bernhart G. Single point incremental sheet forming investigated by in-process 3D digital image correlation. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100611001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dupré J, Bornert M, Robert L, Wattrisse B. Digital image correlation: displacement accuracy estimation. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100631006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Robert L, Labat-Robert J, Robert AM. The Maillard reaction. From nutritional problems to preventive medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 58:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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