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Nanu A, Lal M. Cryopreservation of Rh negative blood for improved storage & utilisation by means of indigenous freezing bags & solutions & manual deglycerolisation. Indian J Med Res 2001; 113:151-5. [PMID: 11558324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Cryopreservation allows donor blood to be stored for years, rather than weeks as in liquid storage. This is an established procedure in countries with a developed blood transfusion service. Cryopreservation has not been introduced in India, possibly because of the presumed high cost and complexity of the procedure. An attempt is made in this study, to cryopreserve Rh negative blood in a mechanical freezer using indigenous bags and solutions and manual deglycerolisation to reduce the cost of preservation. METHODS RBCs to be frozen were weighed and transferred by sterile welding to an 800 ml freezing bag. Based on RBC weight, 400-500 ml of glycerol (5.7 MpH 6.8) was added as cryopreservative. After extracellular and intracellular equilibration, excess glycerol was removed by centrifugation. Glycerolised RBCs were frozen at -80 degrees C in a mechanical freezer. Cryopreserved units were thawed at 37 degrees C and deglycerolised. Twenty one patients were transfused with the frozen deglycerolised RBCs after the usual pre-transfusion tests. RESULTS Haematocrit (Hct) values of the frozen deglycerolised units, complied with required standards, before addition of glycerol and post glycerolisation. RBC recovery was more than 80 per cent and Hct 83.3 per cent after deglycerolisation. Twenty one patients transfused with the frozen deglycerolised blood experienced no adverse effects and showed a 24 h mean post transfusion Hb increment of 0.73 g/dl. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Cryopreservation, unlike liquid storage, allows Rh negative blood of the required ABO groups to be stocked. Cryopreservation also improves its utilisation, reduces wastage and helps supplement the liquid stocks of Rh negative blood. The use of indigenous freezing bags and manual deglycerolisation has resulted in an inexpensive procedure, which can be integrated, with minor inputs, into any blood bank that is already preparing blood components.
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Lal M, Asuzu MC, Salusalu MV, Singh N. Teenage pregnancies in the Rewa medical sub-division, Fiji. PACIFIC HEALTH DIALOG 2001; 8:66-70. [PMID: 12017840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
To assess the magnitude of teenage pregnancies in the Rewa Medical Sub-division as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of the affected teenagers so as to provide a baseline for tackling the problem. The study was a 5 year retrospective study (1994-1998) of the medical records of the Nausori Maternity Unit, the only unit for these purposes in the entire Subdivision. Pregnancies that were intentionally terminated were not included, as no such data was available from these our public health services. An average of 11.1% of the 5319 obstetric patients attended to at the centre for the 5 years were teenagers. Their age range was 13 to 19 years. Proportionately more Fijians had such teenage pregnancies than their Indo-Fijian counterparts. The same was true of their being unmarried or being VDRL positive. A larger percentage of the Indian teenagers received assisted deliveries than the Fijians, but this was not statistically significant, being 6% and 4% respectively. Low birth weight was 19% among these teenagers (compared with 5.9% overall). Efforts are needed in the area of family life education to improve on aspects of teenage pregnancies. Since this is an area of education that has many conflicting values in the modern world, it is advocated that parents as well as many agencies as possible should be targets as well as join in this task in order meet the needs as due. Such education should cover and respect all the values concerned.
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Rajnikant, Gupta VK, Lal M. Crystallographic analysis of Royline monohydrate [C25H41NO7 · H2O]. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2001. [DOI: 10.1134/1.1358399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lal M, Tripathi AN, Srivastava MK. Triple differential cross section for electron impact ionisation of the hydrogen atom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/12/6/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hussain M, Khalique M, Askari H, Lal M, Hashmi A, Hussain Z, Naqvi A, Rizvi A. Surgical complications after renal transplantation in a living-related transplantation program at SIUT. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:3211. [PMID: 10616445 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Askari H, Hashmi A, Lal M, Ali B, Hussain M, Hussain Z, Naqvi Z, Rizvi A. Postrenal transplant malignancies in a living-related donor program: 13-year experience--an update. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:3236. [PMID: 10616459 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Merrick AF, Lal M, Anderson RH, Shore DF. Management of ventricular septal defect: a survey of practice in the United Kingdom. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68:983-8. [PMID: 10509995 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A survey of pediatric cardiac surgeons was performed to establish current opinions in the United Kingdom concerning closure of ventricular septal defect. METHODS Questionnaires were sent to 14 pediatric cardiac centers in 1995 (16 surgeons, 100% response), and again in 1997 (20 surgeons, 100% response). RESULTS Results are presented for 1997, with findings from 1995 shown in parentheses. Eleven (6) surgeons used bypass exclusively, 9 (10) sometimes used circulatory arrest. Operative techniques were similar, although the material used for the patch varied. Multiple defects were approached via the transatrial route by 18 (15), right ventriculotomy by 11 (7) and left ventriculotomy by 7 (6). The juxta-arterial defect was approached via the transpulmonary route by 16 (13), a combination by 9 (11), transatrial by 10 (6), and transventricular by 9 (5). The most common indications for pulmonary arterial banding were "Swiss cheese" defect for 13 (13), and functionally single ventricle for 5 (6). Ventricular septal defect associated with coarctation was repaired in two stages by 13 (10), a single stage by 5 (3), or either by 1 (3). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric cardiac surgeons in the United Kingdom demonstrate a uniform, evidence-based approach to the management of ventricular septal defect.
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Jakubczyk D, Shen Y, Lal M, Friend C, Kim KS, Wia Tkiewicz J, Prasad PN. Near-field probing of nanoscale nonlinear optical processes. OPTICS LETTERS 1999; 24:1151-1153. [PMID: 18073969 DOI: 10.1364/ol.24.001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of two nonlinear optical processes at the nanoscale level, using a near-field probe: (i) two-photon-pumped upconversion from ZnS:Mn nanoparticles encapsulated with 2-[{(?) -2-[4 -(ethylsulfonyl) phenyl]- 1-ethenyl} (methyl)anilino]- 1-ethanethiol and (ii) second-harmonic generation (SHG) from N -(4-nitrophenyl)- (L) -prolinol crystallites. The use of highly efficient nonlinear organic chromophores together with special processing on the nanometer scale made it possible to observe and characterize what are believed to be the smallest topographically distinguishable objects reported so far, using nonlinear optical techniques. Issues pertaining to the study of two-photon-excited emission and SHG by use of a near-field probe are discussed.
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Winiarz JG, Zhang L, Lal M, Friend CS, Prasad PN. Photogeneration, charge transport, and photoconductivity of a novel PVK/CdS-nanocrystal polymer composite. Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Winiarz JG, Zhang L, Lal M, Friend CS, Prasad PN. Observation of the Photorefractive Effect in a Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposite. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja983559w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kaur H, Lal M. Reappearance of Vibrio cholerae O139 during March-August, 1998 in Ludhiana (Punjab), India. Indian J Med Res 1999; 109:3-4. [PMID: 10489734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of V. cholerae O139 was reported from Ludhiana in 1993. Strict bacteriological vigilance between 1994 and 1997 showed no isolates of O139, while 01 strains continued to be isolated. In 1998, 30 strains of V. cholerae O139 and 15 strains of V. cholerae 01 were isolated. Both strains appear to be endemic in Punjab.
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Zafar N, Lal M, Muzzamil B, Khalil S, Hussain Z, Naqvi A, Rizvi A. Conversion of patients to cyclosporine E microemulsion. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:830. [PMID: 9595116 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lal M, Alamdar S, Ali B, Hussain M, Hashmi A, Hussain Z, Naqvi A, Rizvi A. Postrenal transplant malignancies in a living-related donor program. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:822-3. [PMID: 9595113 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kaur H, Lal M. Typing and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae during six consecutive cholera seasons in north India. TROPICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE DIGESTIVE DISEASES FOUNDATION 1998; 19:59-61. [PMID: 9752752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A total of 10,427 diarrhoeal stool specimens were cultured for Vibrio cholerae between 1992 and 1997. The isolation rates were 2%, 2.6%, 6.7%, 7.08%, 0.9% and 2.6% in the years from 1992 to 1997 respectively. Till 1992, Vibrio cholerae 01 ogawa was the predominant strain. In 1993, 81.3% of the isolates were of 0139 Bengal strain and the rest were V. cholerae 01. From 1994 to 1997, V. cholerae 01 ogawa was the predominant strain and there were no isolation of 0139 strain. The predominant phage type in 1992 and 1993 were T2 and T27 thereafter. Most Vibrio cholerae strains were sensitive to tetracycline, gentamycin, netromycin, norfloxacin and furazolidine. Strains were resistant to cotrimaxozole till 1996, but were 100% sensitive in 1997. Strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol till 1993 but acquired resistance thereafter.
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Naqvi A, Akhtar F, Naqvi R, Akhtar S, Askari H, Lal M, Bhatti S, Shahzad A, Soomro S, Rizvi A. Problems of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis following renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:3051-2. [PMID: 9365662 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lal M. The role of the federal government in assisted reproductive technologies. SANTA CLARA COMPUTER AND HIGH-TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL 1997; 13:517-43. [PMID: 16528854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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Abstract
The fibrous skeleton of the heart has featured prominently in anatomical and surgical descriptions, although all its purported components are difficult to demonstrate. In descriptions of the skeleton, there have been repeated references to the presence of a tendon (or ligament) between the aortic and pulmonary roots. Such a tendon is rarely, if ever, discussed in the context of surgical procedures being carried out on the ventricular outflow tracts. Our study was undertaken, therefore, to investigate the existence and nature of such a tendon or ligament. Serial transverse sections were made through roots of aorta and pulmonary trunk in an intact fetal heart. In addition, ten normal adult hearts were dissected to display the components of the fibrous skeleton of the heart. No discrete fibrous or elastic structure could be detected in the tissue plane between the aortic sinuses and the subpulmonary muscular infundibulum, although a fascial strand was observed in one heart. Apart from this specimen, the space between the free-standing muscular subpulmonary infundibulum and the sinuses of aorta hearing the coronary arteries was occupied only by loose fibroareolar tissue. The initial presence of the ligament was described following studies of animal and macerated human hearts. Subsequently, it would seem its existence has been passed down through generations of morphologists and surgeons without its presence being reconfirmed. We have been unable to demonstrate any structure approximating to the initial illustrations.
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Anderson RH, Lal M, Ho SY. Anatomy of the aortic root with particular emphasis on options for its surgical enlargement. THE JOURNAL OF HEART VALVE DISEASE 1996; 5 Suppl 3:S249-57. [PMID: 8953449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY The aortic root is a frequent site of surgical intervention, both in adults and children, yet there is ambiguity about the precise nature and relation of the various structures composing the aortic root. The present review aims to clarify these ambiguities and to explain the morphological basis of surgical procedures for enlargement of the aortic root. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using autopsied specimens of normal hearts, the morphology of the attachment of the leaflets, the interleaflet triangles and the circular ventriculo-arterial junction of the aortic root were studied in detail, paying special regard to fibrous and muscular continuity, relation to the atrioventricular conduction axis, and the coronary arterial branching. Surgical dissections and incisions required for enlargement of the aortic root were simulated in these specimens. RESULTS It was evident that the locus of attachment of aortic valvar leaflets takes the form of three (semilunar) crescents. This attachment is not circular, as the word 'annulus' suggests, neither does it correspond to the anatomical ventriculo-arterial junction. During implantation of a mechanical valve in the aortic position, a circular prosthetic valve ring is sutured on to the attachments of the native valvar leaflets. This must entail some distortion when the sutures are tied. Analysis of autopsied specimens showed that, on completion of the process of suturing, the location of the prosthetic valve is close to the anatomic ventriculo-arterial junction-one of the true annular regions of the aortic root. CONCLUSIONS The continuity of the aortic valvar leaflets and the interleaflet triangles with structures such as the aortic (anterior) leaflet of the mitral valve posteriorly, and with the muscular ventricular septum anteriorly, provide an opportunity for surgeons to enlarge the aortic root by widening of the anatomic ventriculo-arterial junction.
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Prabhakar H, Kaur H, Lal M. Prevalence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi in Ludhiana Punjab. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 1996; 50:277-9. [PMID: 9018985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 945 strains of S. typhi isolated from blood cultures during 1989 to 1994 were studied. Their antibiotic susceptibility showed 580 (61.4%) of strains to be multidrug resistant. The 464 strains tested for their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were all sensitive to the drug. Twenty three (17.9%) of the 128 strains of S. paratyphi A were resistant to chloramphenicol. The sole isolate of S. paratyphi B was sensitive to all antibiotics tested.
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Sharma PR, Adhikari RK, Joshi MP, Lal M, Chodon T, Pokhrel BM, Shrestha RS, Shrestha IB. Intravenous chloramphenicol plus penicillin versus intramuscular ceftriaxone for the treatment of pyogenic meningitis in Nepalese children. Trop Doct 1996; 26:84-5. [PMID: 8685976 DOI: 10.1177/004947559602600215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Haque N, Varshney V, Khan M, Lal M. Effect of feeding Leucaena leucocephala supplemented rations on thyroid hormones and fasting heat production in Jamunapari goats. Small Rumin Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0921-4488(95)00736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chhabra V, Lal M, Maitra AN, Ayyub P. Preparation of ultrafine high density gamma ferric oxide using aerosol OT microemulsions and its characterization. Colloid Polym Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00660371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hussain M, Lal M, Ali B, Ahmed S, Zafar N, Naqvi SA, Adib-ul-Hassan Rizvi S. Management of urinary calculi associated with renal failure. J PAK MED ASSOC 1995; 45:205-8. [PMID: 8775489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three hundred and sixty patients of urinary calculi associated with renal failure were included in this prospective study. The male to female ratio was 4.1:1 while adult to paediatric ratio was 6.5:1. One hundred and eighteen (32.8%) patients presented with calculus anuria while 242 (67.2%) were admitted with symptoms of chronic renal failure. Serum creatinine at the time of first admission ranged from 3-35 mg/100 ml. In the initial management, percutaneous needle nephrostomy was done in 217 cases, dialysis in 106, dialysis and PCN in 22 and retrograde catheterisation followed by JJ stent in 15. Definitive surgical procedures were undertaken in 277 cases; 29 passed stones spontaneously after PCN. At two year follow-up 72% patients of calculus anuria and 49.5% of calculus renal failure improved their renal function and remained with serum creatinine below 2 mg/100 ml. There was 13.6% mortality in calculus anuria group and 17.4% in calculus renal failure. Overall loss to follow-up was 7.6% and 12% in the two groups respectively.
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Prabhakar H, Lal M, Kaur H. Outbreak of gastroenteritis due to a new strain of non O group 1 Vibrio cholerae, in Ludhiana in May-August 1993. Indian J Med Res 1994; 99:107-8. [PMID: 8063344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of the new serotype 0139 of non 01 V. cholerae from an outbreak of gastroenteritis is reported. The study of 35 such isolates revealed their similarity with the El tor vibrios biochemically and by other characters. All were strongly haemolytic and 97.1 per cent of the strains showed a positive haemagglutination.
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