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Komáromy D, Stuart MCA, Monreal Santiago G, Tezcan M, Krasnikov VV, Otto S. Self-Assembly Can Direct Dynamic Covalent Bond Formation toward Diversity or Specificity. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6234-6241. [PMID: 28398730 PMCID: PMC5423079 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
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With
the advent of reversible covalent chemistry the study of the
interplay between covalent bond formation and noncovalent interactions
has become increasingly relevant. Here we report that the interplay
between reversible disulfide chemistry and self-assembly can give
rise either to molecular diversity, i.e., the emergence of a unprecedentedly
large range of macrocycles or to molecular specificity, i.e., the
autocatalytic emergence of a single species. The two phenomena are
the result of two different modes of self-assembly, demonstrating
that control over self-assembly pathways can enable control over covalent
bond formation.
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van Dijken DJ, Štacko P, Stuart MCA, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Chirality controlled responsive self-assembled nanotubes in water. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1783-1789. [PMID: 28451300 PMCID: PMC5396556 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02935c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of using chirality to dictate dimensions and to store chiral information in self-assembled nanotubes in a fully controlled manner is presented. We report a photoresponsive amphiphile that co-assembles with its chiral counterpart to form nanotubes and demonstrate how chirality can be used to effect the formation of either micrometer long, achiral nanotubes or shorter (∼300 nm) chiral nanotubes that are bundled. The nature of these assemblies is studied using a variety of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and it is shown that the tubes can be disassembled with light, thereby allowing the chiral information to be erased.
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Heijnen D, Tosi F, Vila C, Stuart MCA, Elsinga PH, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Oxygen Activated, Palladium Nanoparticle Catalyzed, Ultrafast Cross-Coupling of Organolithium Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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54
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Heijnen D, Tosi F, Vila C, Stuart MCA, Elsinga PH, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Oxygen Activated, Palladium Nanoparticle Catalyzed, Ultrafast Cross-Coupling of Organolithium Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3354-3359. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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55
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Erne PM, Štacko P, van Dijken DJ, Chen J, Stuart MCA, Feringa BL. End-capping of amphiphilic nanotubes with phospholipid vesicles: impact of the phospholipid on the cap formation and vesicle loading under osmotic conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11697-11700. [PMID: 27709184 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05101d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soft amphiphilic nanotubes are capped with vesicles comprised of either overall neutral, zwitterionic phospholipids, or those that carry a net charge. The phase transition temperature of the zwitterionic phospholipids plays a crucial role in the phase separation that leads to the end-capped nanotubes. The cationic vesicle caps can be loaded into the nanotubes via osmosis whereas the anionic vesicle caps are stable under hyper-osmotic conditions. Furthermore, no additional salt needs to be added for the cationic vesicle caps to induce the loading of the vesicles into the nanotubes due to the presence of counterions.
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56
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Boekhoven J, Brizard AM, Stuart MCA, Florusse L, Raffy G, Del Guerzo A, van Esch JH. Bio-inspired supramolecular materials by orthogonal self-assembly of hydrogelators and phospholipids. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6021-6031. [PMID: 30034743 PMCID: PMC6022170 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The orthogonal self-assembly of multiple components is a powerful strategy towards the formation of complex biomimetic architectures, but so far the rules for designing such systems are unclear. Here we show how to identify orthogonal self-assembly at the supramolecular level and describe guidelines to achieve self-sorting in self-assembled mixed systems. By investigating multicomponent self-assembled systems consisting of low molecular weight gelators and phospholipids, both at a molecular and a supramolecular level, we found that orthogonal self-assembly can only take place if the entities assemble via a strong and distinct set of interactions. The resulting supramolecular architectures consist of fibrillar networks that coexist with liposomes and thereby provide additional levels of compartmentalization and enhanced stability as compared to self-assembled systems of gelators or phospholipids alone.
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Wezenberg SJ, Croisetu CM, Stuart MCA, Feringa BL. Reversible gel-sol photoswitching with an overcrowded alkene-based bis-urea supergelator. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4341-4346. [PMID: 30155080 PMCID: PMC6013809 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new type of low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG), i.e. overcrowded alkene-based bis-ureas, can be switched effectively between cis and trans isomers using light as demonstrated by 1H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Gelation studies reveal that one of the synthesized trans compounds forms stable gels in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents down to a critical concentration of 0.4 mg mL-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that this gel consists of an entangled fibrous network. For the trans isomer of this LMWG intermolecular urea hydrogen bonding is observed in the solid state, whereas density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimization of the cis isomer indicates the possible formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Irradiation of the gel triggers trans-to-cis isomerization and consequently, a gel-sol phase transition. This process can be fully reversed by altering the irradiation wavelength.
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58
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Pham TTH, Rombouts WH, Fokkink R, Stuart MCA, Cohen Stuart MA, Kleijn JM. Nanoparticle-Templated Formation and Growth Mechanism of Curved Protein Polymer Fibrils. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2392-8. [PMID: 27250876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the growth of biosynthetic protein polymers with templated curvature on pluronic nanospheres. The protein has a central silk-like block containing glutamic residues (S(E)) and collagen-like end-blocks (C). The S(E) blocks stack into filaments when their charge is removed (pH <5). Indeed, at low pH curved and circular fibers are formed at the surface of the nanospheres, which keep their shape after removal of the pluronics. The data reveal the mechanism of the templated fibril-growth: The growth of protein assemblies is nucleated in solution; small protein fibrils adsorb on the nanospheres, presumably due to hydrogen bond formation between the silk-like blocks and the pluronic PEO blocks. The surface of the pluronic particles templates further growth. At relatively low protein/pluronic weight ratios, only a fraction of the nanospheres bears protein fibers, pointing to a limiting amount of nuclei in solution. Because the nanospheres capture fibrils at an early stage of growth, they can be used to separate growth and nucleation rates in protein fibril formation. Moreover, the nanoparticle-templated growth of stable curved fibers opens ways to build proteinaceous nanocapsules from designed protein polymers.
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Natali A, Gruber JM, Dietzel L, Stuart MCA, van Grondelle R, Croce R. Light-harvesting Complexes (LHCs) Cluster Spontaneously in Membrane Environment Leading to Shortening of Their Excited State Lifetimes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16730-9. [PMID: 27252376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis, which include light-harvesting and charge separation, take place in the amphiphilic environment of the thylakoid membrane. The light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is the main responsible for light absorption in plants and green algae and is involved in photoprotective mechanisms that regulate the amount of excited states in the membrane. The dual function of LHCII has been extensively studied in detergent micelles, but recent results have indicated that the properties of this complex differ in a lipid environment. In this work we checked these suggestions by studying LHCII in liposomes. By combining bulk and single molecule measurements, we monitored the fluorescence characteristics of liposomes containing single complexes up to densely packed proteoliposomes. We show that the natural lipid environment per se does not alter the properties of LHCII, which for single complexes remain very similar to that in detergent. However, we show that LHCII has the strong tendency to cluster in the membrane and that protein interactions and the extent of crowding modulate the lifetimes of the excited state in the membrane. Finally, the presence of LHCII monomers at low concentrations of complexes per liposome is discussed.
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60
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Martinez-Garcia M, Stuart MCA, van der Maarel MJEC. Characterization of the highly branched glycogen from the thermoacidophilic red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria and comparison with other glycogens. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:12-8. [PMID: 27107958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The thermoacidophilic red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria synthesizes glycogen when growing under heterotrophic conditions. Structural characterization revealed that G. sulphuraria glycogen is the most highly branched glycogen described to date, with 18% of α-(1→6) linkages. Moreover, it differs from other glycogens because it is composed of short chains only and has a substantially smaller molecular weight and particle size. The physiological role of this highly branched glycogen in G. sulphuraria is discussed.
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61
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Desmet E, Bracke S, Forier K, Taevernier L, Stuart MCA, De Spiegeleer B, Raemdonck K, Van Gele M, Lambert J. Characterization data on the topical carrier DDC642. Data Brief 2016; 7:1204-10. [PMID: 27408923 PMCID: PMC4927961 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article contains original data, figures and methods used in the characterization of the liposomal carrier ‘DDC642’ for topical applications, described in “An elastic liposomal formulation for RNAi-based topical treatment of skin disorders: proof-of-concept in the treatment of psoriasis” (Desmet et al., 2016) [1]. Several elastic liposomal formulations have been evaluated for their ability to encapsulate and deliver RNA interference (RNAi) molecules to cultured primary skin cells. The efficiency and effectiveness of these liposomes were compared to that of our previously characterized liposomes, the ‘SECosomes’ (SEC) (Geusens et al., 2010) [2]. After selection of a potential superior carrier, based on encapsulation and transfection efficiency data (Desmet et al., 2016) [1], the selected DDC642 liposomes were characterized more in-depth. Herein, a detailed characterization of the DDC642 liposome and RNAi-loaded lipoplexes is given, including the matching protocols.
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Kemper B, Hristova YR, Tacke S, Stegemann L, van Bezouwen LS, Stuart MCA, Klingauf J, Strassert CA, Besenius P. Facile synthesis of a peptidic Au(I)-metalloamphiphile and its self-assembly into luminescent micelles in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:5253-6. [PMID: 25001106 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03868a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a short synthetic route for the preparation of a peptidic Au(I)-metalloamphiphile which, in buffered environments of physiological ionic strength, self-assembles into luminescent micellar nanostructures of 14 nm in diameter.
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63
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Desmet E, Bracke S, Forier K, Taevernier L, Stuart MCA, De Spiegeleer B, Raemdonck K, Van Gele M, Lambert J. An elastic liposomal formulation for RNAi-based topical treatment of skin disorders: Proof-of-concept in the treatment of psoriasis. Int J Pharm 2016; 500:268-74. [PMID: 26806466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a rapidly emerging approach for targeted gene silencing to alleviate disease pathology. However, lack of efficient carriers for targeted delivery delays the clinical translation of RNAi. An interesting target for local RNAi therapeutics is the skin as it allows direct access to target cells. Still, applications are limited due to the effective skin barrier which hinders penetration. Herein, a description is given of a liposomal carrier, called 'DDC642', capable of delivering RNAi molecules to the epidermis of impaired and intact human skin, without targeting the dermis or circulatory system. In a psoriasis tissue model, down-regulation of the psoriasis marker human beta-defensin 2 by DDC642-delivered siRNA was confirmed, providing proof-of-concept. These liposomes thus hold great potential as topical delivery system for RNAi therapeutics in the treatment of numerous skin diseases.
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64
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van Dijken DJ, Chen J, Stuart MCA, Hou L, Feringa BL. Amphiphilic Molecular Motors for Responsive Aggregation in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:660-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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65
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Poloni C, Stuart MCA, van der Meulen P, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Light and heat control over secondary structure and amyloid-like fiber formation in an overcrowded-alkene-modified Trp zipper. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7311-7318. [PMID: 28757990 PMCID: PMC5512536 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02735g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The external photocontrol over peptide folding, by the incorporation of molecular photoswitches into their structure, provides a powerful tool to study biological processes. However, it is limited so far to switches that exhibit only a rather limited geometrical change upon photoisomerization and that show thermal instability of the photoisomer. Here we describe the use of an overcrowded alkene photoswitch to control a model β-hairpin peptide. This photoresponsive unit undergoes a large conformational change and has two thermally stable isomers which has major influence on the secondary structure and the aggregation of the peptide, permitting the phototriggered formation of amyloid-like fibrils.
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66
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Appel R, Fuchs J, Tyrrell SM, Korevaar PA, Stuart MCA, Voets IK, Schönhoff M, Besenius P. Steric Constraints Induced Frustrated Growth of Supramolecular Nanorods in Water. Chemistry 2015; 21:19257-64. [PMID: 26555139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A unique example of supramolecular polymerisation in water based on monomers with nanomolar affinities, which yield rod-like materials with extraordinarily high thermodynamic stability, yet of finite length, is reported. A small library of charge-neutral dendritic peptide amphiphiles was prepared, with a branched nonaphenylalanine-based core that was conjugated to hydrophilic dendrons of variable steric demand. Below a critical size of the dendron, the monomers assemble into nanorod-like polymers, whereas for larger dendritic side chains frustrated growth into near isotropic particles is observed. The supramolecular morphologies observed by electron microscopy, X-ray scattering and diffusion NMR spectroscopy studies are in agreement with the mechanistic insights obtained from fitting polymerisation profiles: non-cooperative isodesmic growth leads to degrees of polymerisation that match the experimentally determined nanorod contour lengths of close to 70 nm. The reported designs for aqueous self-assembly into well-defined anisotropic particles has promising potential for biomedical applications and the development of functional supramolecular biomaterials, with emerging evidence that anisotropic shapes in carrier design outperform conventional isotropic materials for targeted imaging and therapy.
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Erne PM, van Bezouwen LS, Štacko P, van Dijken DJ, Chen J, Stuart MCA, Boekema EJ, Feringa BL. Loading of Vesicles into Soft Amphiphilic Nanotubes using Osmosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15122-7. [PMID: 26503858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The facile assembly of higher-order nanoarchitectures from simple building blocks is demonstrated by the loading of vesicles into soft amphiphilic nanotubes using osmosis. The nanotubes are constructed from rigid interdigitated bilayers which are capped with vesicles comprising phospholipid-based flexible bilayers. When a hyperosmotic gradient is applied to these vesicle-capped nanotubes, the closed system loses water and the more flexible vesicle bilayer is pulled inwards. This leads to inclusion of vesicles inside the nanotubes without affecting the tube structure, showing controlled reorganization of the self-assembled multicomponent system upon a simple osmotic stimulus.
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Erne PM, van Bezouwen LS, Štacko P, van Dijken DJ, Chen J, Stuart MCA, Boekema EJ, Feringa BL. Loading of Vesicles into Soft Amphiphilic Nanotubes using Osmosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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69
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Zijlstra HS, Stuart MCA, Harder S. Structural Investigation of Methylalumoxane Using Transmission Electron Microscopy. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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70
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De Backer L, Braeckmans K, Stuart MCA, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Bio-inspired pulmonary surfactant-modified nanogels: A promising siRNA delivery system. J Control Release 2015; 206:177-86. [PMID: 25791835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation therapy with small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach in the treatment of pulmonary disorders. However, clinical translation is severely limited by the lack of suitable delivery platforms. In this study, we aim to address this limitation by designing a novel bioinspired hybrid nanoparticle with a core-shell nanoarchitecture, consisting of a siRNA-loaded dextran nanogel (siNG) core and a pulmonary surfactant (Curosurf®) outer shell. The decoration of siNGs with a surfactant shell enhances the colloidal stability and prevents siRNA release in the presence of competing polyanions, which are abundantly present in biofluids. Additionally, the impact of the surfactant shell on the biological efficacy of the siNGs is determined in lung cancer cells. The presence of the surfactants substantially reduces the cellular uptake of siNGs. Remarkably, the lowered intracellular dose does not impede the gene silencing effect, suggesting a crucial role of the pulmonary surfactant in the intracellular processing of the nanoparticles. In order to surmount the observed reduction in cellular dose, folate is incorporated as a targeting ligand in the pulmonary surfactant shell to incite receptor-mediated endocytosis. The latter substantially enhances both cellular uptake and gene silencing potential, achieving efficient knockdown at siRNA concentrations in the low nanomolar range.
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Versluis F, Voskuhl J, Vos J, Friedrich H, Ravoo BJ, Bomans PHH, Stuart MCA, Sommerdijk NAJM, Kros A. Coiled coil driven membrane fusion between cyclodextrin vesicles and liposomes. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9746-9751. [PMID: 25367891 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlled fusion events between natural membranes composed of phospholipids with synthetic unnatural membranes will yield valuable fundamental information on the mechanism of membrane fusion. Here, fusion between vastly different phospholipid liposomes and cyclodextrin amphiphile based vesicles (CDVs) controlled by a pair of coiled coil forming lipidated peptides was investigated. Fusion events were characterized using lipid and content mixing assays and the resulting hybrid assemblies were characterized with cryo-TEM imaging. The secondary/quaternary structure of the lipidated peptides at the membrane interface was studied using circular dichroism spectroscopy. This is the first example of targeted fusion between natural and non-natural bilayer membranes and the in situ formation of hybrid CDV-liposome structures is of interest as it yields fundamental information about the mechanism through which fusion proceeds.
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Kowalski PS, Kuninty PR, Bijlsma KT, Stuart MCA, Leus NGJ, Ruiters MHJ, Molema G, Kamps JAAM. SAINT-liposome-polycation particles, a new carrier for improved delivery of siRNAs to inflamed endothelial cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 89:40-7. [PMID: 25460585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interference with acute and chronic inflammatory processes by means of delivery of siRNAs into microvascular endothelial cells at a site of inflammation demands specific, non-toxic and effective siRNA delivery system. In the current work we describe the design and characterization of siRNA carriers based on cationic pyridinium-derived lipid 1-methyl-4-(cis-9-dioleyl)methyl-pyridinium-chloride) (SAINT-C18) and the transfection enhancer protamine, complexed with siRNA/carrier DNA or siRNA only. These carriers, called SAINT-liposome-polycation-DNA (S-LPD) and SAINT-liposome-polycation (S-LP), have a high efficiency of siRNA encapsulation, low cellular toxicity, and superior efficacy of gene downregulation in endothelial cells in vitro as compared to DOTAP-LPD. Incorporation of 10 mol% PEG and anti-E-selectin antibody in these formulations resulted in selective siRNA delivery into activated endothelial cells. Furthermore, we showed that the physicochemical characteristics of S-LPD and S-LP, including size-stability and maintenance of the siRNA integrity in the presence of serum at 37 °C, comply with requirements for in vivo application.
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73
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van Dijken DJ, Beierle JM, Stuart MCA, Szymański W, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Autoamplification of molecular chirality through the induction of supramolecular chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5073-7. [PMID: 24677390 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The novel concept for the autoamplification of molecular chirality, wherein the amplification proceeds through the induction of supramolecular chirality, is presented. A solution of prochiral, ring-open diarylethenes is doped with a small amount of their chiral, ring-closed counterpart. The molecules co-assemble into helical fibers through hydrogen bonding and the handedness of the fibers is biased by the chiral, ring-closed diarylethene. Photochemical ring closure of the open diarylethene yields the ring-closed product, which is enriched in the template enantiomer.
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van Dijken DJ, Beierle JM, Stuart MCA, Szymański W, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Autoamplification of Molecular Chirality through the Induction of Supramolecular Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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75
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van Herpt JT, Stuart MCA, Browne WR, Feringa BL. A Dithienylethene-Based Rewritable Hydrogelator. Chemistry 2014; 20:3077-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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