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Martinez-Cengotitabengoa M, MacDowell KS, Alberich S, Diaz FJ, Garcia-Bueno B, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Bioque M, Berrocoso E, Parellada M, Lobo A, Saiz PA, Matute C, Bernardo M, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Leza JC. BDNF and NGF Signalling in Early Phases of Psychosis: Relationship With Inflammation and Response to Antipsychotics After 1 Year. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:142-51. [PMID: 26130821 PMCID: PMC4681544 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated systemic deregulation of the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory balance in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) that persists 12 months later. To identify potential risk/protective factors and associations with symptom severity, we assessed possible changes in plasma levels of neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and nerve growth factor [NGF]) and their receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Expression of the 2 forms of BDNF receptors (active TrkB-FL and inactiveTrkB-T1) in PBMCs of FEP patients changed over time, TrkB-FL expression increasing by 1 year after diagnosis, while TrkB-T1 expression decreased. The TrkB-FL/TrkB-T1 ratio (hereafter FL/T1 ratio) increased during follow-up in the nonaffective psychosis group only, suggesting different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in subgroups of FEP patients. Further, the expression of the main NGF receptor, TrkA, generally increased in patients at follow-up. After adjusting for potential confounders, baseline levels of inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase, and nuclear transcription factor were significantly associated with the FL/T1 ratio, suggesting that more inflammation is associated with higher values of this ratio. Interestingly, the FL/T1 ratio might have a role as a predictor of functioning, a regression model of functioning at 1 year suggesting that the effect of the FL/T1 ratio at baseline on functioning at 1 year depended on whether patients were treated with antipsychotics. These findings may have translational relevance; specifically, it might be useful to assess the expression of TrkB receptor isoforms before initiating antipsychotic treatment in FEPs.
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Grant KB, Agarwal HK, Shih JH, Bernardo M, Pang Y, Daar D, Merino MJ, Wood BJ, Pinto PA, Choyke PL, Turkbey B. Comparison of calculated and acquired high b value diffusion-weighted imaging in prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 40:578-86. [PMID: 25223523 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the performance of calculated high b value diffusion-weighted images (DWI) derived from regular lower b value DWI using exponential diffusion decay models (intravoxel incoherent motion = IVIM and diffusional kurtosis = DK) is comparable to acquired high b value DWI in prostate cancer detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred six patients underwent diagnostic multiparametric prostate MRI at 3T using an endorectal coil. Five b value (b = 0, 188, 375, 563, 750 s/mm(2)) DWI and high b value (b = 0, 1000 and 2000 s/mm(2)) DWI were acquired. Calculated high b value (b = 1000 s/mm(2) and b = 2000 s/mm(2)) DWI were derived from the DWI dataset using DK and IVIM models. Calculated and acquired high b value DWI images were compared for lesion visibility and image quality by two experienced radiologists (1 and 6 years of experience). GEE with Wald test was used to compare the image quality among the four calculated high b value DWI by comparing the proportion of lesions in each model which were comparable to the acquired images. This comparison was done for all lesions and by lesion location (PZ or CG; low apical/anterior or apical/mid/base) RESULTS More lesions were visible on acquired b = 2000 s/mm(2) compared to b = 1000 s/mm(2) DWI. Calculated high b value DWI using the IVIM model had approximately the same number of lesions as acquired high b value DWI, whereas the DK model had fewer lesions than acquired images. The image quality of calculated high b value DWI was comparable to that of acquired images, and the highest quality images were obtained with b1000IVIM. The image quality of calculated b1000IVIM was the same as that of acquired DWI in apical/mid/base (98%) locations and comparable in low apical and anterior (95.4%) locations. The image quality of calculated b2000IVIM was inferior in both apical/mid/base (86.2%) locations and comparable in low apical and anterior (83.9%) locations. CONCLUSION Calculated high b value DWI obtained using IVIM model has same lesion visibility as that of acquired DWI. The image quality of calculated high b value DWI relative to corresponding acquired DWI decreases with increase in b value.
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Cheng R, Turkbey B, Gandler W, Agarwal HK, Shah VP, Bokinsky A, McCreedy E, Wang S, Sankineni S, Bernardo M, Pohida T, Choyke P, McAuliffe MJ. Atlas based AAM and SVM model for fully automatic MRI prostate segmentation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:2881-5. [PMID: 25570593 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Automatic prostate segmentation in MR images is a challenging task due to inter-patient prostate shape and texture variability, and the lack of a clear prostate boundary. We propose a supervised learning framework that combines the atlas based AAM and SVM model to achieve a relatively high segmentation result of the prostate boundary. The performance of the segmentation is evaluated with cross validation on 40 MR image datasets, yielding an average segmentation accuracy near 90%.
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Kishimoto S, Bernardo M, Saito K, Koyasu S, Mitchell JB, Choyke PL, Krishna MC. Evaluation of oxygen dependence on in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of photoimmunotherapy using IR-700-antibody conjugates. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:24-32. [PMID: 25862414 PMCID: PMC4508222 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) using the near-infrared-absorbing photosensitizing phthalocyanine dye, IRDye 700DX (IR-700), conjugated with a tumor-targeting antibody such as panitumumab (Pan) has shown efficacy in in vitro studies and several preclinical models in mice with promise for clinical translation. PIT results in rapid necrotic cell death in vitro and tumor shrinkage in vivo. Photochemical studies with the Pan-IR-700 conjugate showed that this agent can support generation of singlet oxygen and also generate reactive oxygen species after exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light. Moreover, in vitro studies using A431 cells, singlet oxygen scavengers abrogated the efficacy of PIT with Pan-IR-700, while oxygen depletion to undetectable levels in the exposure chamber almost completely inhibited the cellular cytotoxicity of PIT. Survival of tumor bearing mice was prolonged in PIT-treated animals but mice whose tumors were made transiently hypoxic prior to PIT had no benefit from the treatment. The results from this study support a central role for molecular oxygen-derived species in cell death caused by PIT.
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Batalla A, Bargalló N, Gassó P, Molina O, Pareto D, Mas S, Roca JM, Bernardo M, Lafuente A, Parellada E. Apoptotic markers in cultured fibroblasts correlate with brain metabolites and regional brain volume in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e626. [PMID: 26305477 PMCID: PMC4564572 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured fibroblasts from first-episode schizophrenia patients (FES) have shown increased susceptibility to apoptosis, which may be related to glutamate dysfunction and progressive neuroanatomical changes. Here we determine whether apoptotic markers obtained from cultured fibroblasts in FES and controls correlate with changes in brain glutamate and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and regional brain volumes. Eleven antipsychotic-naive FES and seven age- and gender-matched controls underwent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Glutamate plus glutamine (Glx) and NAA levels were measured in the anterior cingulate (AC) and the left thalamus (LT). Hallmarks of apoptotic susceptibility (caspase-3-baseline activity, phosphatidylserine externalization and chromatin condensation) were measured in fibroblast cultures obtained from skin biopsies after inducing apoptosis with staurosporine (STS) at doses of 0.25 and 0.5 μM. Apoptotic biomarkers were correlated to brain metabolites and regional brain volume. FES and controls showed a negative correlation in the AC between Glx levels and percentages of cells with condensed chromatin (CC) after both apoptosis inductions (STS 0.5 μM: r = -0.90; P = 0.001; STS 0.25 μM: r = -0.73; P = 0.003), and between NAA and cells with CC (STS 0.5 μM induction r = -0.76; P = 0.002; STS 0.25 μM r = -0.62; P = 0.01). In addition, we found a negative correlation between percentages of cells with CC and regional brain volume in the right supratemporal cortex and post-central region (STS 0.25 and 0.5 μM; P < 0.05 family-wise error corrected (FWEc)). We reveal for the first time that peripheral markers of apoptotic susceptibility may correlate with brain metabolites, Glx and NAA, and regional brain volume in FES and controls, which is consistent with the neuroprogressive theories around the onset of the schizophrenia illness.
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Brown AM, Sankineni S, Bernardo M, Daar D, Weaver J, McKinney Y, Couvillon A, Gulley JL, Wood BJ, Pinto PA, Dahut WL, Madan RA, Choyke PL, Turkbey B. Abstract CT222: Ferumoxytol enhanced MRI for lymph node staging in genitourinary cancers. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-ct222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Conventional imaging has limited accuracy in genitourinary (GU) cancer staging. This study examines the utility of ferumoxytol enhanced MRI in lymph node (LN) staging of GU cancers.
Methods: This ongoing IRB-approved phase II clinical trial enrolls patients with prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, or bladder cancer at high risk for LN metastases. Patients undergo baseline T2 and T2* weighted MRI scans followed by injection of 7.5mg/Kg ferumoxytol. Repeat scans are acquired at 24hr and 48hr post-injection. The criterion for positive LNs was preservation of hyper-intense signal indicating failure to take up ferumoxytol. Validation was by histopathology when available or on clinical grounds, for which LNs that changed size on routine imaging were considered true positives.
Results: To date, 13 patients have completed the study. Of 11 prostate cancer patients, one was studied pre-operatively while 10 had suspected therapy failure. Median age and PSA were 65yrs (36-75) and 5.6ng/mL (0.3-201). The other 2 patients had renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer. Overall, 20 LNs were identified with mean size 1.9cm (0.7-3.8) long axis by 1.3cm (0.6-2.6) short axis. There were 14 true positive LNs, 1 false positive, 1 false negative, and 4 nodes pending validation. Validation was by histopathology for 7 LNs, with 2 nodes pending biopsy, and clinical grounds for 13 LNs, with 2 inconclusive nodes awaiting further validation. Ferumoxytol correctly identified LN status in 9 of 10 patients with validated nodes (Table 1).
Conclusions: Ferumoxytol enhanced MRI shows promise in detecting malignant LNs >6mm in GU cancer patients. Since the method involves a conventional MRI unit with off-label use of an FDA-approved agent, it could be widely available. However, further validation is necessary before routine use.
Table 1: Preliminary results for LN staging in GU cancer patients using ferumoxytol enhanced MRI
SubjectStudy ArmGenderAge (yr)PSA at study initiation (ng/mL)LN numberLN locationsize/long axis (cm)size/short axis (cm)Ferumoxytol positive? 1 = yes, 0 = noResult1prostate cancerM6325.061R ext iliac3.02.61TP2L ext iliac1.30.81TP2prostate cancerM6573.961L RP1.61.41TP2L int iliac3.81.91TP3prostate cancerM6410.491R ext iliac3.00.91pending2L ext iliac1.91.10pending4prostate cancerM742.061L RP1.71.51TP5prostate cancerM642.891R ext iliac1.61.11TP6prostate cancerM650.281L int iliac1.50.81TP7prostate cancerM752.871R int iliac0.70.71TP8prostate cancerM6427.911R common iliac1.71.71inconclusive9prostate cancerM72201.21L RP2.31.70FN10prostate cancerM736.771L int iliac1.51.01TP11prostate cancerM361.351R femoral0.80.81FP2L ext iliac1.51.01inconclusive3R perirectal0.80.61TP12renal cell carcinomaF41N/A1aortocaval2.82.21TP2R RP3.62.31TP3R int iliac2.01.51TP13bladder cancerM59N/A1aortocaval1.51.01TPRP = retroperitoneal, TP = true positive, FN = false negative, FP = false positive, ext = external, int = internal
Citation Format: Anna M. Brown, Sandeep Sankineni, Marcelino Bernardo, Dagane Daar, Juanita Weaver, Yolanda McKinney, Anna Couvillon, James L. Gulley, Bradford J. Wood, Peter A. Pinto, William L. Dahut, Ravi Amrit Madan, Peter L. Choyke, Baris Turkbey. Ferumoxytol enhanced MRI for lymph node staging in genitourinary cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr CT222. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-CT222
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Garvey B, Türkbey B, Truong H, Bernardo M, Periaswamy S, Choyke PL. Clinical value of prostate segmentation and volume determination on MRI in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Diagn Interv Radiol 2015; 20:229-33. [PMID: 24675166 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2014.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant pathological enlargement of the prostate, which occurs primarily in the transitional zone. BPH is highly prevalent and is a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in aging males, although there is no direct relationship between prostate volume and symptom severity. The progression of BPH can be quantified by measuring the volumes of the whole prostate and its zones, based on image segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging. Prostate volume determination via segmentation is a useful measure for patients undergoing therapy for BPH. However, prostate segmentation is not widely used due to the excessive time required for even experts to manually map the margins of the prostate. Here, we review and compare new methods of prostate volume segmentation using both manual and automated methods, including the ellipsoid formula, manual planimetry, and semiautomated and fully automated segmentation approaches. We highlight the utility of prostate segmentation in the clinical context of assessing BPH.
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Opina AC, Wong KJ, Griffiths GL, Turkbey BI, Bernardo M, Nakajima T, Kobayashi H, Choyke PL, Vasalatiy O. Preparation and long-term biodistribution studies of a PAMAM dendrimer G5-Gd-BnDOTA conjugate for lymphatic imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1423-37. [PMID: 25392239 PMCID: PMC4482252 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To demonstrate the use of gadolinium (Gd)-labeled dendrimers as lymphatic imaging agents and establish the long-term biodistribution (90-day) of this type of agent in mice. MATERIALS & METHODS A G5-Gd-BnDOTA dendrimer was prepared and injected into mice and monkeys for MR lymphangiography, and long-term biodistribution of the conjugate was studied. RESULTS Administration of G5-Gd-BnDOTA in mice demonstrated a rapid uptake in the deep lymphatic system while injection in monkeys showed enhanced internal iliac nodes, indicating its general utility for lymphatic tracking. Biodistribution studies to 90 days showed that gadolinium conjugate is slowly being eliminated from the liver and other organs. CONCLUSION The use of G5-Gd-BnDOTA holds great promise for lymphatic imaging, but its slow clearance from the body might hamper its eventual clinical translation.
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Turkbey B, Hoyt RF, Agarwal HK, Bernardo M, Sankineni S, Johnson L, Grant KB, Rais-Bahrami S, Kobayashi H, Wood BJ, Pinto PA, Griffiths GL, Choyke PL. Magnetic resonance sentinel lymph node imaging of the prostate with gadofosveset trisodium-albumin: preliminary results in a canine model. Acad Radiol 2015; 22:646-52. [PMID: 25683498 PMCID: PMC4395526 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To determine if intraprostatic injection of gadofosveset trisodium mixed with human serum albumin (HSA) can identify sentinel lymph nodes (LNs) draining the prostate on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a canine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three male canines weighing between 25.7 and 41.3 kg were anesthetized, placed in a 3-T MRI, and a needle was placed transrectally into one side of the prostate using a commercially available intrarectal needle guide. Gadofosveset trisodium premixed with 10% HSA was then administered at doses ranging from 0.1 to 2.5 mL. T1W MRI was performed immediately after injection, and two readers evaluated images for visualization of LNs draining the prostate. RESULTS Intraprostatic injection of 0.2 mL gadofosveset trisodium premixed with HSA identified the draining periprostatic LNs in all cases. Delayed images demonstrated upper echelon nodes in the pelvis and the abdomen. Higher volume injections resulted in excessive periprostatic extravasation, whereas lower volume injections resulted in suboptimal visualization of LNs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that gadofosveset trisodium (premixed with 10% HSA) injected intraprostatically at 0.2 mL visualized LNs draining the prostate. This approach can be readily adapted for clinical applications such as sentinel LN imaging in prostate cancer patients before surgery.
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Brown AM, Sankineni S, Bernardo M, Daar D, Weaver J, McKinney Y, Couvillon A, Gulley JL, Pinto PA, Dahut WL, Madan RA, Choyke PL, Turkbey B. Ferumoxytol enhanced MRI for lymph node staging in prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
208 Background: Conventional imaging methods of lymph node staging in prostate cancer are limited. The goal of this study is to determine the utility of ferumoxytol enhanced MRI in lymph node (LN) staging. Methods: This ongoing IRB-approved clinical trial enrolls prostate cancer patients at high risk for LN metastases. Patients first undergo baseline T2 and T2* weighted MRI scans followed by 7.5mg/Kg ferumoxytol injection. Repeat scans are acquired at 24 hr and 48 hr post-injection. The criterion for positive LNs was hyperintense signal indicating failure to take up ferumoxytol. Validation was determined on clinical grounds or by histopathology when available. Results: To date, 11 patients have completed the study. One patient was examined pre-operatively while the other 10 had suspected therapy failure. Median age and PSA were 65 yrs (36-75) and 5.6ng/dL (0.3-201). Of 16 LNs with median size 1.6 x 1.1cm, 10 were true positives, one was false positive and one was false negative with 4 nodes pending validation. The LN status was correctly identified in 8 of 11 patients [Table]. Conclusions: Ferumoxytol enhanced MRI shows promise in detecting malignant LNs with diameter >6mm in prostate cancer paients. This method is performed in a conventional MRI unit with off-label use of an FDA-approved agent and thus could be widely available. However, further validation is necessary before routine use. Clinical trial information: NCT02141490. [Table: see text]
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Mas S, Gassó P, Parellada E, Bernardo M, Lafuente A. Network analysis of gene expression in peripheral blood identifies mTOR and NF-κB pathways involved in antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 15:452-60. [PMID: 25623440 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To identify the candidate genes for pharmacogenetic studies of antipsychotic (AP)-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), we propose a systems biology analytical approach, based on protein-protein interaction network construction and functional annotation analysis, of changes in gene expression (Human Genome U219 Array Plate) induced by treatment with risperidone or paliperidone in peripheral blood. 12 AP-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis participated in the present study. Our analysis revealed that, in response to AP treatment, constructed networks were enriched for different biological processes in patients without EPS (ubiquitination, protein folding and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism) compared with those presenting EPS (insulin receptor signaling, lipid modification, regulation of autophagy and immune response). Moreover, the observed differences also involved specific pathways, such as anaphase promoting complex /cdc20, prefoldin/CCT/triC and ATP synthesis in no-EPS patients, and mammalian target of rapamycin and NF-κB kinases in patients with EPS. Our results showing different patterns of gene expression in EPS patients, offer new and valuable markers for pharmacogenetic studies.
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Pujol N, Penadés R, Junqué C, Dinov I, Fu CHY, Catalán R, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Bargalló N, Bernardo M, Toga A, Howard RJ, Costafreda SG. Hippocampal abnormalities and age in chronic schizophrenia: morphometric study across the adult lifespan. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:369-75. [PMID: 25213158 PMCID: PMC4217027 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.140384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenia. It is unclear whether these abnormalities worsen with age, and whether they affect cognition and function. AIMS To determine whether hippocampal abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia are associated with age, cognition and socio-occupational function. METHOD Using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging we scanned 100 persons aged 19-82 years: 51 were out-patients with stable schizophrenia at least 2 years after diagnosis and 49 were healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. Automated analysis was used to determine hippocampal volume and shape. RESULTS There were differential effects of age in the schizophrenia and control samples on total hippocampal volume (group × age interaction: F(1,95) = 6.57, P = 0.012), with steeper age-related reduction in the schizophrenia group. Three-dimensional shape analysis located the age-related deformations predominantly in the mid-body of the hippocampus. In the schizophrenia group similar patterns of morphometric abnormalities were correlated with impaired cognition and poorer socio-occupational function. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal abnormalities are associated with age in people with chronic schizophrenia, with a steeper decline than in healthy individuals. These abnormalities are associated with cognitive and functional deficits, suggesting that hippocampal morphometry may be a biomarker for cognitive decline in older patients with schizophrenia.
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Ileva LV, Bernardo M, Young MR, Riffle LA, Tatum JL, Kalen JD, Choyke PL. In vivo MRI virtual colonography in a mouse model of colon cancer. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:2682-92. [PMID: 25340441 PMCID: PMC8381262 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a reliable noninvasive method for monitoring colonic tumors and mucosal inflammation in a mouse model of colon cancer using magnetic resonance colonography (MRC). After a mild cleansing enema, the colon is filled with Fluorinert, a perfluorinated liquid that does not produce a proton MR signal. The mouse is placed in a dedicated volume MR receiver coil, and high-resolution images are acquired in three planes. The Fluorinert enema distends the mouse colon, creating an artifact-free black homogeneous background, allowing clear delineation of the inflamed colonic wall and visualization of luminal tumors in various stages of development. A gadolinium-based contrast agent can be administered i.v. to the animal to detect mural inflammation or tumor vascularity. This technique is useful for serial monitoring of the effects of preventive or therapeutic strategies on tumor development without killing the animal or requiring invasive endoscopies. The animal preparation and imaging can be completed in ∼1.5 h.
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Mané A, García-Rizo C, Garcia-Portilla MP, Bergé D, Sugranyes G, Garcia-Alvarez L, Bernardo M, Bobes J, Fernandez-Egea E. Spanish adaptation and validation of the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:1726-9. [PMID: 24997648 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative symptoms prevalent in schizophrenia are associated with poor outcome. Developing new instruments to identify new treatments was highlighted at the NIMH-MATRICS Consensus Development Conference on Negative Symptoms. The new Brief Negative Symptoms scale (BNSS) demonstrated strong psychometric properties, but there is a need for validating it in non-English languages. A multi-center study was conducted to validate the Spanish version of the BNSS (BNSS-Sp) in 20 schizophrenia patients, following the original BNSS validation methodology. We found strong inter-rater, test-retest and internal consistency properties (for the total BNSS-Sp, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.97, Pearson's correlation coefficient r=0.95 (p<0.001), Cronbach's alpha=0.98).
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Bernardo M, Mendes S, Lapa N, Gonçalves M, Mendes B, Pinto F, Lopes H. Leaching behaviour and ecotoxicity evaluation of chars from the pyrolysis of forestry biomass and polymeric materials. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 107:9-15. [PMID: 24905691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the environmental risk of chars derived from the pyrolysis of mixtures of pine, plastics, and scrap tires, by studying their leaching potential and ecotoxicity. Relationships between chemical composition and ecotoxicity were established to identify contaminants responsible for toxicity. Since metallic contaminants were the focus of the present study, an EDTA washing step was applied to the chars to selectively remove metals that can be responsible for the observed toxicity. The results indicated that the introduction of biomass to the pyrolysis feedstock enhanced the acidity of chars and promote the mobilisation of inorganic compounds. Chars resulting from the pyrolysis of blends of pine and plastics did not produce ecotoxic eluates. A relationship between zinc concentrations in eluates and their ecotoxicity was found for chars obtained from mixtures with tires. A significant reduction in ecotoxicity was found when the chars were treated with EDTA, which was due to a significant reduction in zinc in chars after EDTA washing.
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Conforti A, Scarsella M, Giorda E, Biagini S, Starc N, Pira GL, Proia A, Carsetti R, Locatelli F, Bernardo M. Characterization of the in vitro immunomodulatory properties of microvesicles isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rais-Bahrami S, Elsekkaki M, Turkbey B, Truong H, Agarwal H, George A, Siddiqui MM, Bernardo M, Grant K, Walton-Diaz A, Rothwax J, Raskolnikov D, Shakir N, Okoro C, Stamatakis L, Merino M, Wood B, Choyke P, Pinto P. MP7-17 DIFFERENTIAL DETECTION OF LESIONS ON MULTI-PARAMETRIC PROSTATE MRI WITH OR WITHOUT USE OF AN ENDORECTAL COIL BASED ON QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF OBESITY. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Starc N, Conforti A, Taranta A, Biagini S, Proia A, Emma F, Locatelli F, Bernardo M. Phenotypical and functional characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow of a cystinotic patient. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Conforti A, Biagini S, Starc N, Proia A, Grisendi G, Carella C, Dominici M, Locatelli F, Bernardo M. Exposure to ionizing radiations and starvation culture does not modify phenotype, functions and genetic profile of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow of healthy donors. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Turkbey B, Kobayashi H, Hoyt RF, Choyke PL, Nakajima T, Griffiths GL, Bernardo M, Rialon K, Fishman SJ, Sena LM. Magnetic resonance lymphography of the thoracic duct after interstitial injection of gadofosveset trisodium: a pilot dosing study in a porcine model. Lymphat Res Biol 2014; 12:32-6. [PMID: 24502282 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND-RATIONALE: To investigate whether interstitial injection of gadofosveset trisodium (Ablavar®, Lantheus Medical, North Billerica, MA) would be suitable for thoracic duct (TD) imaging in a pig model. METHODS AND RESULTS Gadofosveset trisodium alone or premixed with 10% human serum albumin (HSA) was administered intradermally in the extremities of pigs at varying doses to visualize the TD by MRI. Two blinded readers evaluated MRIs for TD visibility. The inter-observer variability for all MR imaging sessions was assessed using the Spearman rank correlation test. MR lymphography using gadofosveset trisodium premixed with HSA yielded superior visualization of the TD compared to gadofosveset trisodium alone, with a high inter-observer agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.88 (p=0.00000115)). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that gadofosveset trisodium (premixed with 10%HSA) can be injected intradermally in order to perform MR lymphography of the thoracic duct. Since this agent is already FDA approved for MR imaging, the off-label use of it for imaging of the thoracic duct in humans is feasible, and the approach may prove to be beneficial for patients with TD abnormalities.
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Garcia-Rizo C, Kirkpatrick B, Fernandez-Egea E, Oliveira C, Meseguer A, Grande I, Undurraga J, Vieta E, Bernardo M. "Is bipolar disorder an endocrine condition?" Glucose abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 129:73-4. [PMID: 24024599 PMCID: PMC4390128 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Turkbey B, Merino MJ, Gallardo EC, Shah V, Aras O, Bernardo M, Mena E, Daar D, Rastinehad AR, Linehan WM, Wood BJ, Pinto PA, Choyke PL. Comparison of endorectal coil and nonendorectal coil T2W and diffusion-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla for localizing prostate cancer: correlation with whole-mount histopathology. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 39:1443-8. [PMID: 24243824 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare utility of T2-weighted (T2W) MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) obtained with and without an endorectal coil at 3 Tesla (T) for localizing prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This Institutional Review Board-approved study included 20 patients (median prostate-specific antigen, 8.4 ng/mL). Patients underwent consecutive prostate MRIs at 3T, first with a surface coil alone, then with combination of surface, endorectal coils (dual coil) followed by robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. Lesions were mapped at time of acquisition on dual-coil T2W, DWI-MRI. To avoid bias, 6 months later nonendorectal coil T2W, DWI-MRI were mapped. Both MRI evaluations were performed by two readers blinded to pathology with differences resolved by consensus. A lesion-based correlation with whole-mount histopathology was performed. RESULTS At histopathology 51 cancer foci were present ranging in size from 2 to 60 mm. The sensitivity of the endorectal dual-coil, nonendorectal coil MRIs were 0.76, 0.45, respectively. PPVs for endorectal dual-coil, nonendorectal coil MRI were 0.80, 0.64, respectively. Mean size of detected lesions with nonendorectal coil MRI were larger than those detected by dual-coil MRI (22 mm versus 17.4 mm). CONCLUSION Dual-coil prostate MRI detected more cancer foci than nonendorectal coil MRI. While nonendorectal coil MRI is an attractive alternative, physicians performing prostate MRI should be aware of its limitations.
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Turkbey B, Mena E, Shih J, Pinto PA, Merino MJ, Lindenberg ML, Bernardo M, McKinney YL, Adler S, Owenius R, Choyke PL, Kurdziel KA. Localized prostate cancer detection with 18F FACBC PET/CT: comparison with MR imaging and histopathologic analysis. Radiology 2013; 270:849-56. [PMID: 24475804 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13130240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize uptake of 1-amino-3-fluorine 18-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid ((18)F FACBC) in patients with localized prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and normal prostate tissue and to evaluate its potential utility in delineation of intraprostatic cancers in histopathologically confirmed localized prostate cancer in comparison with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant prospective study. Twenty-one men underwent dynamic and static abdominopelvic (18)F FACBC combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) and multiparametric (MP) 3-T endorectal MR imaging before robotic-assisted prostatectomy. PET/CT and MR images were coregistered by using pelvic bones as fiducial markers; this was followed by manual adjustments. Whole-mount histopathologic specimens were sliced with an MR-based patient-specific mold. (18)F FACBC PET standardized uptake values (SUVs) were compared with those at MR imaging and histopathologic analysis for lesion- and sector-based (20 sectors per patient) analysis. Positive and negative predictive values for each modality were estimated by using generalized estimating equations with logit link function and working independence correlation structure. RESULTS (18)F FACBC tumor uptake was rapid but reversible. It peaked 3.6 minutes after injection and reached a relative plateau at 15-20 minutes (SUVmax[15-20min]). Mean prostate tumor SUVmax(15-20min) was significantly higher than that of the normal prostate (4.5 ± 0.5 vs 2.7 ± 0.5) (P < .001); however, it was not significantly different from that of BPH (4.3 ± 0.6) (P = .27). Sector-based comparison with histopathologic analysis, including all tumors, revealed sensitivity and specificity of 67% and 66%, respectively, for (18)F FACBC PET/CT and 73% and 79%, respectively, for T2-weighted MR imaging. (18)F FACBC PET/CT and MP MR imaging were used to localize dominant tumors (sensitivity of 90% for both). Combined (18)F FACBC and MR imaging yielded positive predictive value of 82% for tumor localization, which was higher than that with either modality alone (P < .001). CONCLUSION (18)F FACBC PET/CT shows higher uptake in intraprostatic tumor foci than in normal prostate tissue; however, (18)F FACBC uptake in tumors is similar to that in BPH nodules. Thus, it is not specific for prostate cancer. Nevertheless, combined (18)F FACBC PET/CT and T2-weighted MR imaging enable more accurate localization of prostate cancer lesions than either modality alone.
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Nakajima T, Turkbey B, Sano K, Sato K, Bernardo M, Hoyt RF, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. MR lymphangiography with intradermal gadofosveset and human serum albumin in mice and primates. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 40:691-7. [PMID: 24123370 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate MR lymphangiography in mice and primates with intradermal Gadofosveset and human serum albumin. Gadofosveset is a US FDA approved small molecule Gadolinium (Gd) chelate (957 Da) which reversibly binds serum albumin and temporally behaves as a macromolecule. As the structure of albumin varies among species, the affinity of Gadofosveset is optimized for human albumin. In this study, Gadofosveset premixed with 10% human serum albumin (HSA) was injected intradermally in mice and monkeys, and then MR lymphangiography was performed on a 3.0 Tesla clinical scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty microliters of each agent was injected intradermally at both sides of the front and back paws using a 30-gauge needle into female athymic nude mice (6-8 weeks old, n = 3 mice in each group). The performance of Gadofosveset-HSA was compared with Gd-labeled dendrimers (G4: 6 nm, G6: 10 nm) or Gd-DTPA. The target-to-muscle ratio (TMR = target signal intensity (SI)/muscle SI) was calculated at each time point. The TMRs were compared with a one-way analysis of variance followed by a Bonferroni multiple comparison test. RESULTS Images taken as early as 2.5 min after intradermal (id) injection depicted enhanced lymph nodes using Gadofosveset-HSA (2.41 ± 0.20). Up to 7.5 min after injection, TMRs of Gadofosveset-HSA were greater than those of dendrimers (G4 or G6-Gd-DTPA: 2.24 ± 0.10, 2.12 ± 0.11, respectively). By 15 min postinjection, TMRs of Gadofosveset-HSA (2.18 ± 0.19) were comparable to Gd-labeled dendrimers (G4-Gd-DTPA: 2.37 ± 0.15, G6-Gd-DTPA: 2.25 ± 0.18). Gadofosveset-HSA and Gd labeled dendrimers resulted in satisfactory MR lymphography in mice and monkeys. CONCLUSION Because both Gadofosveset and HSA are approved for human use and Gadofosveset clears rapidly through the kidneys, this method has advantages over Gd-dendrimers and could be used for visualizing lymphatic drainage and detecting lymph nodes.
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