[Visual experiences during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia]

BACKGROUND

Cataract patients observe structures, colors and movements during surgery. Is there any pattern to their visual experiences?

METHODS

From 2005 to 2011 a total of 20,000 phacoemulsification procedures were performed using topical anesthesia. From these patients we received 45 pictures which had been painted to reflect intraoperative their visual impressions so that approximately 1 out of 500 of the patients painted a picture. A further 98 patients were questioned postoperatively about their intraoperative visual impressions and were shown the 45 pictures. They described their own visual experiences and any similarities with the 45 pictures were documented.

RESULTS

All patients were awake and cooperative during surgery. Afterwards they described their visual experiences whereby 36 patients saw mainly blue, 32 red/pink and 27 saw yellow colors. Out of the 45 pictures 30 (67%) were identified as being similar to their own visual images and 10 patients could not describe any postoperative visual phenomena.

CONCLUSION

Patients notice optical phenomena during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia with eye drops. Visual images are often similar among patients. The surgeon can use this knowledge to explain these experiences while talking to the patient intraoperatively. This may reassure patients during surgery.

Stabilität des Ferricinium-Kations und seine cytostatische Wirkung / Stability of Ferricinium and its Cytostatic Effect

The relative stabilities of different ferricinium cations were studied in buffer or serum-containing solution and in vivo and compared with their cytostatic effects in cultures of Yoshida ascites tumor cells.

Although the ferricinium cation itself was the most unstable cation compared with the dimethyl-ferricinium cation and the deuterated ferricinium derivatives it showed the highest cytostatic effect.

Markierung kohleadsorbierter Verbindungen mit Tritium nach Wilzbach bei 20°C und —196°C

Bei der Markierung nach Wilzbach lassen sich die spezifischen Aktivitäten der 3H-markierten Verbindungen erhöhen, wenn man Tritium auf aktivkohle-adsorbierte Verbindungen einwirken läßt. Arbeitet man bei Temperaturen um - 200 °C, so wird auch das Tritium quantitativ an die Kohle adsorbiert und die spezifischen Aktivitäten werden dadurch abermals erhöht. Gleichzeitig wird bei den adsorbierten Verbindungen der Anteil an radioaktiven Nebenprodukten oft erniedrigt und damit die Reinigung der markierten Verbindungen erleichtert.

Toxizität und cytostatische Wirkung von PtCl2(NH3)2 nach i. v. und intratumoraler Injektion / Toxicity and Cytostatic Effect of PtCl2(NH3)2 after i. v. and i. t. Injection

oxizität und cytostatisch e W irkung von PtCl2(NH3)2 nach i. v. und intratumoraler Injektion Toxicity and Cytostatic Effect of PtCl2(NH3)2 after i. v. and i. t. Injection In tumor bearing mice intratumoral injection of PtCl2(NH3)2-solution increases the cytostatic effect while decreasing its toxicity in comparison to i. v. injection. In­ tratumoral injections of water-in-oil emulsions of the platin-compound are less cytostatic but have a consider­ ably lower toxicity.

Biochemie der Metallocene, II Organ-Verteilung und Thymus-Anreicherung von [103Ru]Cinnamoyl-ruthenocen / Biochemistry of Metallocenes, II. Organ-Distribution and Thymus Affinity of Cinnamoyl-[103Ru] Ruthenocene

Metallocenes, labelled with 103Ru, are potential radiopharmaceuticals for use in nuclear medicine diagnosis. Ruthenocene derivatives with oxopropene side-chains were administered to mice and rats to study their biochemical properties. Excretion rates and organ distributions of 103RuCl3 and Cinnamoyl-[103Ru] ruthenocene were very different. While 103RuCl3 was relatively evenly distributed in the body, the metallocene derivative was concentrated in liver, lungs and spleen after intravenous (i.v.) injection. After i.p. injection however a high thymus affinity was observed and autoradiography proved that the site of 103Ru accumulation was in thymocytes. The thymus affinity can be diminished by corticoid pretreatment and raised by inhibition of phagocytosis (BeSO4). The mechanism of accumulation in the thymus and a possible clinical application are discussed.

Der protektive Effekt von D2O bei Bakterien (E. coli) / he Protective Effect of Heavy Water (D2O) on Bacteria (E. coli)

E. coli suspended in D2O showed a better survival than in H2O when the bacteria were treated with various damaging agents like UV , heat and freezing. On the contrary E. coli grown in D2O - containing media - therefore being fully deuterated - were more sensitive than normally grown bacteria.

Einbauhemmung 14C-markierter Nucleoside in DNS und RNS von Ascites-Tumorzellen durch D-und L-Glycerinaldehyd

D-Glycerinaldehyd [10-2-m.] hemmt den Einbau von 14C-Thymidin in DNS von Asciteszellen unter aeroben und anaeroben Bedingungen um 80 bis 90 Prozent. Der Einbau von 14C-Uridin in RNS wird durch D-Glycerinaldehyd kaum gehemmt. L-Glycerinaldehyd [10-2-m.] hemmt den Thymidineinbau in DNS und den Uridineinbau in RNS und DNS unter aeroben Bedingungen nur schwach, bei Anaerobiose dagegen um zwei Zehnerpotenzen. Die Wirkung des D-Aldehyds auf den Thymidineinbau in DNS wird durch Auswaschen des Glycerinaldehyds kaum abgeschwächt.

Verfolgung der in vivo-Oxydation von 17-Hydroxy- zu 17-Ketosteroiden durch Messen der Tritium-Aktivität im Körperwasser

Östradiol-17 α-T wird durch die 17-Hydroxy-Steroid-Dehydrogenase, mit DPN oder TPN als Coenzym, zu Östron oxydiert. Dabei entstehen DPN-T bzw. TPN-T, die das Tritium in die Atmungskette einschleusen. Das gebildete Tritiumwasser erscheint im Harn und in der Atemluft und wird bei Kleintieren (Ratte, Maus) unmittelbar gemessen. Der Gehalt an Tritium in der Atemluft bzw. im Harn ist somit ein Maß für die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit Östradiol-17 α-T → Östron.

Es wurde gefunden, daß Rattenweibchen, ohne und nach Progesterongabe, Tritium gleich schnell aus dem Östradiol-17 α-T umsetzen und nach 7—9 Stdn. etwa 80% ins Körperwasser überführen.

Östradiol-6.7-T gibt dagegen kein Tritium ins Körperwasser ab.

Structure-activity relationships in tripodal transmembrane anion transporters: the effect of fluorination

A series of easy-to-make fluorinated tripodal anion transporters containing urea and thiourea groups have been prepared and their anion transport properties studied. Vesicle anion transport assays using ion-selective electrodes show that this class of compound is capable of transporting chloride through a lipid bilayer via a variety of mechanisms, including chloride/H(+) cotransport and chloride/nitrate, chloride/bicarbonate, and to a lesser extent an unusual chloride/sulfate antiport process. Calculations indicate that increasing the degree of fluorination of the tripodal transmembrane transporters increases the lipophilicity of the transporter and this is shown to be the major contributing factor in the superior transport activity of the fluorinated compounds, with a maximum transport rate achieved for clog P = 8. The most active transporter 5 contained a urea functionality appended with a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group and was able to mediate transmembrane chloride transport at receptor to lipid ratios as low as 1:250000. Proton NMR titration and single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the ability of the tripodal receptors to bind different anions with varying affinities in a 1:1 or 2:1 stoichiometry in solution and in the solid state. We also provide evidence that the most potent anion transporters are able to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells by using a selection of in vitro viability and fluorescence assays.

Thiourea isosteres as anion receptors and transmembrane transporters

Compounds containing cyanoguanidine and 3-amino-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide have been studied as anion receptors and transporters. Significant affinity for oxo-anions was observed in organic solution and the receptors were found to function as transmembrane chloride/nitrate antiporters with transport rates enhanced in the presence of valinomycin-K(+) complex.